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Colin, I just came across this in a (frustrating) autism literature search: PMID 25072037 SandyGeorgia ( Talk) 16:58, 6 April 2015 (UTC)
Many of its sources are outdated. How to proceed? You want a page header template? Each outdated reference identified with an in-line template?
Bfpage, I see you went ahead with tagging without responding here first. Sometimes an old source may be the best source, or the only source. Unless you have indications that these are bad sources, tagging the articles isn't the best. [1] Do you have sources indicating this information is no longer good? SandyGeorgia ( Talk) 19:50, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
This source is over my head:
SandyGeorgia ( Talk) 20:23, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
Hi folks. It is good to question if an FA is up-to-date, particularly one promoted Dec 2009. My, how time flies. Bfpage, there's no need to link to MEDRS since I created that guideline back in 2006 and this page is watched by a number of editors who helped shape it. I'm quite sure your edits are good-faith. The "needs update?" tag doesn't seem that intrusive or "defacing" as some tags, but an initial talk page request is probably the most polite way of making initial enquiries about sources. There will, for sure, be quite a number of featured/good articles for which the main authors have long-since departed, and perhaps a reader of the article who is qualified to help may feel inspired to improve/update the sources. I did research some new sources a few years ago but was disappointed that there wasn't really anything new to say. There seemed little point in replacing one review for another simply because the latter had a more recent date on it. I don't think the Neal randomised trial, for example, is likely to be updated with a newer RCT. It did its job wrt providing RCT evidence for insurance and government bodies who make decisions about efficacious medical treatments they wish to fund. The basic process of ketosis has been understood for nearly a century and more modern sources add nothing new. We still really don't understand why such a diet helps with epilepsy, though. I guess that's rather frustrating for Western science, but epilepsy is a problem with the brain, not individual neurons or chemical reactions, and we don't really understand the brain either. At least it has some plausible explanations and doesn't break the laws of physics like homoeopathy :-).
Looking at the areas that were tagged. I think the lead paragraph is basic stuff that hasn't changed since the 1920s. The lead sentence and sections that deal with research and possible other disease treatments is most likely to become outdated. I'm not aware of any medical uses for the KD that have reached mainstream other than for epilepsy. Just about any brain disorder from cancer to Alzheimer's to Tourette syndrome has been considered, as well as usage for dieting and diabetes control. I don't think epilepsy's rank after stroke in terms of serious neurological disorders has changed, or may ever change. The history of the diet and its conclusion with it becoming a standard (albeit not primary) therapy once again, is unchanged.
In terms of source-aging we have to consider any article is dealing with lots of different facts. If the best history of a disease/therapy was written 10 year ago, then that's still the best source even if there are some modern sources that copy/paste/tweak it. Has anyone improved on Temkin's "The Falling Sickness: A History of Epilepsy" book, for example? Some areas of our knowledge of the body are changing faster than others. Some diseases and therapies get more research than others. I dare say that cancer therapy, particularly common cancers, is a fast moving subject. This one less so. So I wouldn't hold the "five years old" guideline as anything other than a very crude measure. My point I suppose isn't really the age of the sources, but whether, when reading new sources, one realises that the facts are now considered to be wrong or are out of date. And for that, one really needs to do a literature search, rather than just look at the references list. I guess it is time I did another search .... :-) -- Colin° Talk 21:30, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
I am initiating the process of reviewing the FA status of this article by posting this message on the talk page. My main concerns are with older references which really weren't addressed adequately for me. I will take a closer look at the article to highlight more of the concerns that I see that may need improvement.
Freeman's most recent book came out in 2011 and contains the same information as the 2007 text. It is not a medical textbook, but it is more recent. Is that a helpful source? Dr. James W. Wheless's newest medical textbook on epilepsy is from 2012. Why wouldn't this be a better source than his old one?
"Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence".
The claim made in this edit that "The treatment results of the [diet] are better than most of the new antiepileptic medications." is an extremely bold claim. The source used ( PMID 25221391) does confirm this but then doesn't actually present any evidence to back it up. Firstly, one must ask "in what kind of patients" and secondly one must ask "in what trials". Today, the KD is only used after many medications have failed and mostly in children. So we don't really have any modern experience of the KD as a first-line treatment (except perhaps in some rare metabolic disorders, or for trials in infantile spasms) nor do we have good contemporary evidence of its use in adults. Secondly, to state that it is better, one really requires a trial comparing it against "new anti-epileptic medications". And this hasn't been done. The closest is a randomised trial where the control group got "continuing treatment (on their existing AEDs) for three months" versus "adding the KD (on top of any existing AEDs) for three months". Advocates of the diet reckon that after you've tried several drugs, and for children especially, the diet is probably more likely to be successful than trying yet another drug. But that's their expert opinion rather than fully evidence-based results. So the issue is complicated and is mostly covered by the existing article text.
The addition of the above source as a reference in this edit is problematic. This paragraph, and that sentence is history. There's no better source for that that the current source which is an entire chapter in a professional textbook on the history. Every single article, just about, on the KD has a short "Introduction" section that covers the history in a sentence or two. The source given here is no different and adds nothing. I could pick a hundred other sources that do the same. I've already mentioned how history does not need up-to-the-minute sources. The state of epilepsy treatment in the 1920s is well documented already. But further, the source does not actually support any of the sentence. It doesn't say it was widely used or studied and doesn't mention bromides or phenobarbital. It merely says it was "initially devised in the 1920" and puts the decline down to "phenytoin and sodium valproate" (the latter drug is from late 20th century). Even if it did support the text, the source is so shallow that any reader following the link would learn nothing new about the history.
The citations in this featured article, support all the text preceding them in the paragraph up to the previous citation. So if a paragraph has one citation at the end of it, then the whole paragraph is sourced to that source. One cannot just add further citations against random sentences and phrases within the paragraph, without ideally also having access to and reading the original citation for the paragraph as a whole. Otherwise, the link between article text and sources begins to rot and soon nobody is sure what is backed up by what.
Lastly, a featured article is not written by finding random papers on PubMed (or by just reading the free ones) and inserting random facts or adding citations here and there. That approach might work for start-class articles but not when we're trying to write at this level. It will taken some time. -- Colin° Talk 21:54, 11 May 2015 (UTC)
I've only read the lede, so perhaps it's explained in the body of the article, but I don't understand this addition from last July bolded below:
The original therapeutic diet for paediatric epilepsy provides just enough protein for body growth and repair, and sufficient calories to maintain the correct weight for age and height. This classic ketogenic diet contains a 4:1 ratio (although a 3:1 ratio has also been used) by weight of fat to combined protein and carbohydrate. This is achieved by excluding high-carbohydrate foods such as starchy fruits and vegetables, bread, pasta, grains and sugar, while increasing the consumption of foods high in fat such as nuts, cream and butter. Thus, an individual's diet is composed of 90% and 86% of calories coming from fat, respectively.
What does the 90% and 86% refer to? The 3:1 and 4:1 ratios? Whatever, it could be clearer. -- Anthonyhcole ( talk · contribs · email) 06:09, 13 May 2015 (UTC)
Source NICE Guideline CG20:
has been superseded by
The Evidence update notes the Modified Atkins diet may be effective for children with refractory epilepsy, but they do not regard this as a fact to update in the guidance. They cite Use of the modified Atkins diet for treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial as evidence. This definitely looks like a fact to include in our article. However, NICE have three problems with the trial. It is not blinded (but then that is essentially impossible for this therapy), 77% participants were male and 44% vegetarian, which may limit its applicability to the UK. These issues meant they didn't recommend it in their guidance, recommneding a European setting for future trials. -- Colin° Talk 15:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC)
The population of the United States is roughly 5 times that of the UK. In order to ensure that Wikipedia serves as wide an audience as possible, I propose changing the style of this article to U.S. English instead of British English. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 139.78.252.149 ( talk) 21:50, 10 June 2015 (UTC)
To those who have contributed to the improvement to this article I need to let you know that I am proceeding with the request to have this featured article reviewed. Little to no progress has been made to update references that comply with WP:MEDRS. I completely understand that older references are not necessary better references but is likely not true for the whole article. Almost every reference cited is sourced to publications that are more than five years old. I might be missing something but it doesn't appear that any references include review articles, systematic review articles, meta-analyses, reliable and official webpages by the CDC or WHO or medical textbooks.
I am not criticizing the article; It's prose is excellent, it flows naturally point by point. Obviously, a lot of hard work has gone into it, but few if any significant edits have been added that provided good sources.
I am no way suggesting that this article is less than a good article and I know it was created and edited in good faith (except by vandals). Best Regards,
Dear ketogenic diet editors. I've just come across:
- a rather poor article. Is this a viable distinct topic? And if so does it merit its own article, or at most a mention here? Alexbrn ( talk) 05:30, 23 July 2015 (UTC)
This text (copyedited a bit) was added by an IP:
References
Including this text is likely WP:UNDUE, but a correct citation would be helpful. SandyGeorgia ( Talk) 18:58, 30 April 2015 (UTC)
In the Other Applications section, the third paragraph cites a 2013 review and says "the only evidence of benefit is anecdotal". This article http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215472/ has a slightly stronger conclusion and cites clinical studies that I think can be described as preliminary rather than anecdotal. Since I've never edited a featured article, I'll leave that observation here for consideration. JonSidener ( talk) 17:30, 15 May 2016 (UTC)
doi:10.1136/practneurol-2015-001288 JFW | T@lk 11:40, 17 May 2016 (UTC)
This is essentially an article about the ketogenic diet as a treatment for epilepsy. If it were titled as such, it might merit the star. As a general treatment of the subject, it is too specific. It doesn't have much to say about the widespread use of the diet for weight-loss and treatment of diabetes. It doesn't say anything about how the diet actually works - the chemistry. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.174.78.122 ( talk) 09:33, 20 July 2016 (UTC)
If this article is only about Ketogenic diet and epilepsy then why is it not in the heading?
Where do I put this in the article? https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170905145551.htm BernardZ ( talk)
The article is very good but ran into a problem when it described propagation of a nerve impulses. It stated that the charge propagated from one neuron's synapse to another. Actually the synapse is the shared gap between two (or usually many) neurons. I also thought the contrast with "electrical pathways" was not particularly useful. In general the concept of a physical electrical connection, like with electric circuits, is misleading. There are ion channels which speed up charge-potential propagation. It is unlike the conductance of electrons through a copper wire. But since the article is portraying the seizures as a chemical imbalance, the mention of the other method of charge propagation in the brain is a distraction. The age of fable ( talk) 05:23, 16 September 2017 (UTC)
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The Epilepsy section seems out of place here. At best, a single sentence from this section could be incorporated elsewhere in the article, but its placement (as the first section) and content (which is mostly about Eplipesy as a disease and other treatments of it) seems very out of place. The ketogenic diet's role in the treatment of epilepsy is only mentioned in passing, and with almost no usable detail. This needs to be worked on by someone with some knowledge of how to incorporate it better into the narrative flow of the article. For an FA level article, it's quite substandard! -- Jayron 32 15:36, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
I see that Iztwoz added the text "Medium-chain fatty acids octonoic and heptanoic acids can cross the barrier and be used by the brain." with a few sources. They don't appear to meet WP:MEDRS as they seem to be studies on mice and rats, rather than humans. We need secondary sources that directly discuss these acids wrt the ketogenic diet's mechanism in humans. If we can't find suitable sources for this, it should be removed. -- Colin° Talk 14:06, 31 March 2018 (UTC)
I am rather puzzled by this revert by User:Zefr with summary "Preliminary research; speculative" The edit removed several updates I made to the article today:
I ask Zefr to restore my edits and to take more care in future. I'm not some random newbie here. -- Colin° Talk 15:59, 2 April 2018 (UTC)
A 2018 review suggested the evidence from rigorous preclinical and clinical studies of ketogenic diets in cancer therapy was promising, and recommended randomised clinical trials to establish which specific cancers benefit– if you write "to establish which specific cancers benefit" the clear implication is that we know that some cancers do, but just need to find out which specific ones. It makes a claim of efficacy in respect of some cancers, regardless of what section it is in. It's not acceptable unless supported by appropriate MEDRS-compliant sources showing the benefit in the case of some cancers. It could be re-written to be more tentative, but then why include it? We don't routinely include reports on treatments undergoing trials, because can be dangerously misleading to non-scientific readers.
Wikipedia's reliable sources (RS) guideline clarifies that the policy pages at V and NPOV take priority, and that the guideline is to help identify sources subject to common sense and standard practice. MEDRS similarly is intended to provide guidance on how to meet WP:V in medical content. WP:WEIGHT is part of a policy page, NPOV, not a guideline; both WP:V and WP:NPOV take priority over a guideline, and our objective in writing content should be to attain neutrality and verifiability. In my time as WP:FAC delegate, and before that as a reviewer, I read at least 4,000 discussions of articles at FAC. One thing that is quickly observed is the number of reasons and examples of why a guideline is a guideline, as opposed to policy, and why guidelines are signposts to good practice of how to apply policy, rather than absolutes. There is often misunderstanding about how to apply each (guideline or policy), but when these discussions occurred among Wikipedia's top content editors, common sense and logic yielded the better result over black-and-white thinking, and policy reigned over guideline. In the case of medical content, things have become a bit complicated because WP:MEDRS is no longer in line with WP:V or synced with WP:RS, and would probably not be accepted as a guideline in its current state, making it hard to know what do to about its interpretation in today's articles. Sorry to leave you with that bad news :( But in the general, yes, WP:V and WP:NPOV reign, and WP:WEIGHT is part of NPOV. SandyGeorgia ( Talk) 12:28, 3 April 2018 (UTC)This page documents an English Wikipedia guideline. It is a generally accepted standard that editors should follow, though it is best treated with common sense, and occasional exceptions may apply.
Will list papers here as I find them.
That's probably enough for now. There are enough reliable sources that one could, if inclined, write an article on the research underway wrt the ketogenic diet (and related diets and meal-formulae) for diseases other than epilepsy. NPOV means we should look at this diet (and its related and sub-types) not from the POV of a clinician saying "NICE haven't approved it for brain tumours yet" but from a NPOV that says we cover exactly what the professional reliable literature covers, and in the weight they cover it. -- Colin° Talk 12:43, 3 April 2018 (UTC)
The potential adverse effects of a ketogenic diet are not thoroughly explained, or even touched upon in some cases. An addition of a short sub-paragraph on metabolic acidosis in this section would be useful to better explain the ketogenic diet and the possible risks associated with self-implementing such eating behaviors. -- Willgriffen2 ( talk) 18:53, 12 May 2018 (UTC)
The "Other applications" section claims the product Axona was granted status as a "medical food" by the FDA in 2009. The citation does not support this claim. It also runs counter to the Axona page itself, which states that Axona was declared MISBRANDED as a medical food by the FDA in 2013, which has a very good citation, specifically the warning letter from them. Due to this, I'm removing the whole chunk, also someone else more knowledgeable is welcome to add back in (correct and cited) information about the product. — Preceding unsigned comment added by LordQwert ( talk • contribs) 19:44, 21 July 2017 (UTC)
@ Kelly222:: The cited source says:
There are several uncontrolled trials and animal studies describing the potential benefits of the KD for neurologic conditions other than epilepsy and the metabolic conditions described previously. These include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, autism, narcolepsy, brain tumors, and traumatic brain injury (Freeman et al., 2007). At this time, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of the KD for these conditions other than on an investigational basis.
Although most of the paper is about epilepsy, it does specifically address these "other applications". It's fairly early in the longest section of the paper, and pretty easy to overlook. I probably would have missed it, except that I searched for the word Alzheimer rather than trying to read the whole thing. WhatamIdoing ( talk) 06:17, 20 October 2018 (UTC)
I think this article needs a revamp. Its like looking up a article about mathematics and getting one about algebra, with the a hint to look under sciences for a general description of mathematics. While its true that keto fits under the general category of a low carb diet, by no means its a synonym Pfote ( talk) 07:39, 21 December 2018 (UTC)
I read this article for the first time just now.. I was somewhat alerted when the "team of practicing professionals" was introduced, with no alternatives to the formula, and likely US AMA-centric. Then when I got to the "diet description" it said, without equivocation, that breakfast includes bacon ?!? Seriously, this is just obnoxious.. vast portions of the world's population do not eat this food. The overall tone reminds me of 1950s Americana where medical advice is just handed down without question. It is culturally-inappropriate or worse. Definitely re-think the prescriptive parts of this.. I am offended, actually, and I am an US citizen. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.101.48.113 ( talk) 02:37, 24 December 2018 (UTC)
The result of the move request was: Not moved. ( non-admin closure) samee converse 09:11, 29 January 2019 (UTC)
Ketogenic diet →
Ketogenic diet for epilepsy – The primary topic here are
Low-carbohydrate diets in general. I'm not sure if creating a disambiguation page, creating a redirect to that page, or moving
Low-carbohydrate diet here (as a broad concept article) would be done as part of a a move.
power~enwiki (
π,
ν) 04:04, 22 January 2019 (UTC)
This edit below in italics is a summary of primary research on use of the ketogenic diet for obese or diabetic people. The first two sources are literature reviews of preliminary research, and the third is an opinion article acknowledging the absence of clinical research on these conditions. For encyclopedic content (as opposed to writing for a journal or media article), WP:MEDRS emphasizes use of a systematic review or meta-analysis of completed, high-quality Phase III clinical trials, which have not been done. Until there is a more complete research picture and publication of a premium review, the information remains too preliminary to use for the article. -- Zefr ( talk) 01:22, 5 February 2019 (UTC)
References
Compelling evidence exists for the use of nutritional ketosis for the management of weight and the components of metabolic syndrome. Through the utilization of alternative fuel sources, namely ketones, we can capitalize on the antagonistic relationship of high glucagon and low insulin levels that promote breakdown of fat for fuel, sparing of glycogen in muscles, and de novo gluconeogenesis as needed. Further research is needed into long-term adherence and practicality of VLCKD, but the current results are promising for weight management, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity.
I have had type 2 diabetes since the last decade. Havnen't been able to keep it in remission. Recently got YouTube recommended videos to watch. Two people: Dr. Berry and ? (Beat Diabes) say that a Ketogenic Diet can have massive positive effects on Type 2 Diabetes. This article doesn't really mention that. It focuses instead on the application for healing/reversing Epilepsy. Dr. Berry's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIma2WOQs1Mz2AuOt6wRSUw
Beat Diabetes https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmKsQWqGmDPIWgrVqGYbc3w
So a section on the application of a Ketogenic Diet on Diabetics is in store. Jimj wpg ( talk) 07:00, 18 November 2019 (UTC)
X1\ ( talk) 23:05, 20 November 2019 (UTC)
I think there should be first at the very top a very short definition of the diet itself all alone, without connecting it to one specific use.
This should be followed by the general discussions of the chemical reactions in the body, then should come its variants described in laymans terms, and the different reasons ketogenic diet is actualised, such as its applications against things we face today. The ketogenic diets use as a cure for childhood epilepsy must be there for sure, but one should recognize that there are many other reasons ketogenic diet is being discussed, argued for-and-against, practiced, found useful, found it should be avoided in certain situations, etc.. These should be listed early and given their own chapters on equal footing. The list is long: weight control, diabetes, sport, evolutionary advantage, its disappearance from common practice in recent history, degrees/phases of ketogenesis, relationship to other bodily functions, methods-, techniques- and tools for its practice.
I am tending to believe that we need several supporting pages; May be we need a new page with this name for the LCAPHF diet, and the present page sould be renamed "Ketogenic Diet Therapy". Cobanyastigi ( talk) 20:05, 5 June 2019 (UTC)
-- Colin° Talk 20:06, 15 May 2020 (UTC)
While historically (since 1921), ketogenic diets have been used to treat epilepsy, contemporary usage to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus is far more common. Research and clinical experience indicate that a ketogenic diet is more effective at controlling the high blood sugars of diabetes than are current diabetes medicines (more on this below).
I have Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and have found like other patients that a ketogenic diet (a diet that induces ketosis, a form of metabolism that obtains energy from oil and fat in the diet instead of sugar and starch) will control diabetes effectively without the need for increasing use of diabetic medicines over time (details and research results are discussed toward the end of this comment).
I believe that a major contribution to public health would result from educating everyone concerning the use of a ketogenic diet as an alternative to an ever-increasing need for diabetic medicines in patients who are in glycolysis (normal carbohydrate-burning metabolism). Diabetic medicines are typically increased over time as the disease progresses (and the body's insulin resistance increases and pancreatic function decreases).
Details and Research
Ketosis is a unique form of metabolism, which can be induced by diet. This has been known since 1921 when the ketogenic diet was first standardized at Mayo Clinic to treat certain forms of epilepsy.
The contemporary use of a ketogenic diet to treat obesity, diabetes, and certain other diseases is medically controversial due to the following factors:
1. A similarly-named but different condition, ketoacidosis, is life-threatening; it is common to blame ketosis (which is simply a form of metabolism and is medically benign) for generating ketoacidosis, which it does not do, or for itself having the effects of ketoacidosis, which it does not have.
2. The definition of a ketogenic diet has been misunderstood in various ways (such as a diet containing less than 5% carbohydrates, which may or may not generate ketosis, depending on the individual).
3. There has been an enthusiastic rush to publish research which has resulted in several negative poor-quality studies being published (in some of these studies, the subjects were not measured for being in ketosis).
4. It is relatively difficult to obtain funding, since ketosis results in less drug usage rather than the need for a specific pharmaceutical.
While patient response to being in ketosis is seen to be dramatically positive in a number of studies (in terms of the reversal of obesity and/or the elimination of the need for medications to obtain diabetic control), and while measuring ketosis is not difficult since it is produces dramatically different physiological markers from the usual glycolysis, ketogenic diets are not yet recommended by doctors, dietitians, and nutritionists as standard practice due to the many common misunderstandings and the poor meta studies reflecting the many poor studies that have been published to date.
Here are some studies and meta studies of true ketogenic diets and their results in diabetes:
"[A ketogenic diet] had positive effects on body weight, waist measurement, serum triglycerides, and glycemic control in a cohort of 21 participants with type 2 diabetes. Most impressive is that improvement in hemoglobin A1c was observed despite a small sample size and short duration of follow-up, and this improvement in glycemic control occurred while diabetes medications were reduced substantially in many participants."
"The prevalence of type two diabetes (T2D) has been increasing sharply worldwide. Many recent studies have been done to determine the effective strategies for better management of type two diabetes. One of these strategies was the Ketogenic Diet, which when performed on rats and human showed very impressive results. The benefits of having some ketone bodies circulating in the body have numerous benefits such as weight loss, improvement of HbA1c levels, reversal of nephropathy, cardiac benefits and treatment for dyslipidemia."
"Reducing carbohydrate intake to a certain level, typically below 50 g per day, leads to increased ketogenesis in order to provide fuel for the body. Such low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets were employed to treat obesity and diabetes in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Recent clinical research has reinvigorated the use of the ketogenic diet for individuals with obesity and diabetes. Although characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, the underlying cause of T2DM is hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, typically as a result of increased energy intake leading to obesity. The ketogenic diet substantially reduces the glycemic response that results from dietary carbohydrate as well as improves the underlying insulin resistance. This review combines a literature search of the published science and practical guidance based on clinical experience."
Note: I am an independent researcher in an unrelated field, and my interest in ketosis is as a patient and successful user of a ketogenic diet, not as a researcher.
Note: The usage of so-called keto dieting in musclebuilding and sports is a separate social phenomenon and is irrelevant to the main importance to society of true ketogenic diets in the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
David Spector ( talk) 13:29, 5 May 2020 (UTC)
Healthcare providers generally know "ketosis" only as a specialized and medically accepted metabolic state for treating epilepsy, or else have patients who report its value in controlling type 2 diabetes or in normalizing body weight.
I doubt that many healthcare providers would venture any opinion as to how much vegetable matter should be in a patient's diet. Neither would experts in ketogenic diet, since what matters for achieving ketosis is carbohydrate and fat levels, not specific kinds of foods such as vegetables. Vegetables, in particular, range from high in carbohydrates (potatoes) to low in carbohydrates (lettuce).
A ketogenic diet suitable for the control of diabetes generally does not focus on specific foods or amounts of foods as good, bad, or recommended. The state of ketosis generally results from very low carbohydrate intake in combination with normal or elevated amounts of fats and oils, since these are metabolized for energy in ketosis. Protein levels are not of primary significance in achieving ketosis, and slightly higher protein levels are encouraged, as are high levels of non-nutritive fiber, both soluble and insoluble.
The whole field of ketogenic diet for treating diabetes and circulatory problems is still quite new, and misunderstandings outside of its clinical and research community are common (usually starting with the common confusion with ketoacidosis). Many doctors doing current research in ketosis post videos at YouTube in an attempt to alert the public to an alternative for ever-increasing medication to counter the phenomenon of ever-increasing insulin resistance, which frequently happens in type 2 diabetes, and as an intervention for the current epidemic in obesity.
So the best way to locate good studies of patient populations having success with ketogenic diets is to start at YouTube to find out which clinics are doing these studies, then looking up reports and publications. While I've seen some of these videos, and they are certainly medically impressive, I don't have the time to create a research bibliography; but one is urgently needed.
I actually started my own diet on the advice of a cardiologist whom I saw briefly, who was impressed with the research results on ketosis in his own field, on heart and circulatory health, and had educated himself about the rich information published on ketosis and diet in the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiac health.
I have discussed the value of a ketogenic diet with my family doctor, my oncologist, my surgeons, several dieticians, my nephrologist, and other specialists. Not one of these medical people knew anything about ketosis or ketogenic diet other than rumors from patients. I would say that medicine has not yet discovered the immense value of ketogenic diets for conditions outside of epilepsy.
And yes, the ketogenic diet used for the treatment of epilepsy is quite different from the ketogenic diet that controls type 2 diabetes and certain other conditions. The kind of diet I maintain is actually pretty easy to do.
It was up to me to experiment on my own and discover that when I was in ketosis (as measured by Ketostix or by examining the urine--I haven't purchased a ketone breath or blood meter) my blood glucose is under good control, and when my intake of carbohydrates is just high enough to take me out of ketosis my blood glucose goes way too high and stays there all day, even at happening at a time when I was taking 2000 mg of metformin a day.
These experiences of mine match those reported by several clinicians who run ketogenic diet trials to reverse escalation in insulin dosages for dozens or hundreds of patients with advanced type 2 diabetes. Their reported success rates are high.
Wikipedia is for reporting accepted and notable knowledge and human experience, not novel medical treatments. Ketosis and ketogenic diets as used in the treatments for the conditions listed above are just now beginning to cross over the threshold for being relevant subjects for inclusion here. This is why this section is titled A Minority Opinion. Someday, much of what I've written here may become a majority opinion. David Spector ( talk) 20:02, 21 May 2020 (UTC)
WhatamIdoing: What are you doing? I have not disagreed with your statement. However, it has nothing to do with this topic. Eating a certain amount of a particular food will most definitely not induce ketosis. David Spector ( talk) 11:55, 22 May 2020 (UTC)
Colin, as I indicated above, I have little time to work on this. Not even enough time to read the archives and comment on them intelligently. Besides, I'm actually not an expert, just someone who uses this diet successfully and has heard of several small and medium-scale studies showing that type 2 diabetes patients on high-dosage insulin can successfully titrate down and eliminate all diabetes drugs. Such patient experience and (tiny amount) of research deserves some mention, hence my "minority opinion". But extending this article for the new applications calls for contributions by an expert.
As to the confusions here and elsewhere about what constitutes a "ketogenic diet", I fully agree: we need better terminology, because these diets aren't going away.
Concerning the difficulty of staying on this or any other diet, I agree that it is a very important issue. I actually started my diet twice: the first version was too difficult for me to maintain for longer than a few months. But my second version has served me well and is not so difficult to maintain, as I mentioned above.
The kind of diet required to reverse insulin resistance or obesity does not require weighing and measuring food, or ingesting large amounts of fat. All that is necessary for successful results is staying in ketosis, as evidenced by some sort of measurement. It seems evident that epilepsy is much more difficult to treat than these other disorders through a ketogenic diet, so the diet must be more severe for epilepsy.
Also, I hope everyone remembers that even though this use of ketogenic diets is perhaps only about 15 years old, it has had a very slow start among medical specialists, with almost no external publicity other than for the faddish "muscle-building" usage, which appears medically unresearched. David Spector ( talk) 11:55, 22 May 2020 (UTC)
Could someone with sufficient permissions please edit Template:Editnotices/Page/Ketogenic diet and change «described in the articles low-carbohydrate diet and no-carbohydrate diet» to «described in the article low-carbohydrate diet»? They both link/redirect to the top of the same article. Thanks. -- Dan Harkless ( talk) 20:06, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
The Adverse Effects section states that "excess calcium in the urine is caused by bone demineralisation".
Whilst most studies would support elevated rates of calcium in the urine, there is little evidence of a causal link to bone dimeneralisation. In fact, the citation provided is a secondary source. It does not investigate this relationship. If you examine the original paper which it cites as evidence, Furth et al. (2000), you will find that it makes no mention of bone dimeneralisation causing excess calcium - they report it as a correlation.
In a review Cao & Nielsen (2010) state... "Recent findings do not support the assumption that bone is lost to provide the extra calcium found in urine." The paper is dedicated to examining bone health in acidic diets so feel free to examine for further evidence [1]. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.99.240.221 ( talk)
References
This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
Archive 1 | ← | Archive 3 | Archive 4 | Archive 5 | Archive 6 |
Colin, I just came across this in a (frustrating) autism literature search: PMID 25072037 SandyGeorgia ( Talk) 16:58, 6 April 2015 (UTC)
Many of its sources are outdated. How to proceed? You want a page header template? Each outdated reference identified with an in-line template?
Bfpage, I see you went ahead with tagging without responding here first. Sometimes an old source may be the best source, or the only source. Unless you have indications that these are bad sources, tagging the articles isn't the best. [1] Do you have sources indicating this information is no longer good? SandyGeorgia ( Talk) 19:50, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
This source is over my head:
SandyGeorgia ( Talk) 20:23, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
Hi folks. It is good to question if an FA is up-to-date, particularly one promoted Dec 2009. My, how time flies. Bfpage, there's no need to link to MEDRS since I created that guideline back in 2006 and this page is watched by a number of editors who helped shape it. I'm quite sure your edits are good-faith. The "needs update?" tag doesn't seem that intrusive or "defacing" as some tags, but an initial talk page request is probably the most polite way of making initial enquiries about sources. There will, for sure, be quite a number of featured/good articles for which the main authors have long-since departed, and perhaps a reader of the article who is qualified to help may feel inspired to improve/update the sources. I did research some new sources a few years ago but was disappointed that there wasn't really anything new to say. There seemed little point in replacing one review for another simply because the latter had a more recent date on it. I don't think the Neal randomised trial, for example, is likely to be updated with a newer RCT. It did its job wrt providing RCT evidence for insurance and government bodies who make decisions about efficacious medical treatments they wish to fund. The basic process of ketosis has been understood for nearly a century and more modern sources add nothing new. We still really don't understand why such a diet helps with epilepsy, though. I guess that's rather frustrating for Western science, but epilepsy is a problem with the brain, not individual neurons or chemical reactions, and we don't really understand the brain either. At least it has some plausible explanations and doesn't break the laws of physics like homoeopathy :-).
Looking at the areas that were tagged. I think the lead paragraph is basic stuff that hasn't changed since the 1920s. The lead sentence and sections that deal with research and possible other disease treatments is most likely to become outdated. I'm not aware of any medical uses for the KD that have reached mainstream other than for epilepsy. Just about any brain disorder from cancer to Alzheimer's to Tourette syndrome has been considered, as well as usage for dieting and diabetes control. I don't think epilepsy's rank after stroke in terms of serious neurological disorders has changed, or may ever change. The history of the diet and its conclusion with it becoming a standard (albeit not primary) therapy once again, is unchanged.
In terms of source-aging we have to consider any article is dealing with lots of different facts. If the best history of a disease/therapy was written 10 year ago, then that's still the best source even if there are some modern sources that copy/paste/tweak it. Has anyone improved on Temkin's "The Falling Sickness: A History of Epilepsy" book, for example? Some areas of our knowledge of the body are changing faster than others. Some diseases and therapies get more research than others. I dare say that cancer therapy, particularly common cancers, is a fast moving subject. This one less so. So I wouldn't hold the "five years old" guideline as anything other than a very crude measure. My point I suppose isn't really the age of the sources, but whether, when reading new sources, one realises that the facts are now considered to be wrong or are out of date. And for that, one really needs to do a literature search, rather than just look at the references list. I guess it is time I did another search .... :-) -- Colin° Talk 21:30, 5 May 2015 (UTC)
I am initiating the process of reviewing the FA status of this article by posting this message on the talk page. My main concerns are with older references which really weren't addressed adequately for me. I will take a closer look at the article to highlight more of the concerns that I see that may need improvement.
Freeman's most recent book came out in 2011 and contains the same information as the 2007 text. It is not a medical textbook, but it is more recent. Is that a helpful source? Dr. James W. Wheless's newest medical textbook on epilepsy is from 2012. Why wouldn't this be a better source than his old one?
"Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence".
The claim made in this edit that "The treatment results of the [diet] are better than most of the new antiepileptic medications." is an extremely bold claim. The source used ( PMID 25221391) does confirm this but then doesn't actually present any evidence to back it up. Firstly, one must ask "in what kind of patients" and secondly one must ask "in what trials". Today, the KD is only used after many medications have failed and mostly in children. So we don't really have any modern experience of the KD as a first-line treatment (except perhaps in some rare metabolic disorders, or for trials in infantile spasms) nor do we have good contemporary evidence of its use in adults. Secondly, to state that it is better, one really requires a trial comparing it against "new anti-epileptic medications". And this hasn't been done. The closest is a randomised trial where the control group got "continuing treatment (on their existing AEDs) for three months" versus "adding the KD (on top of any existing AEDs) for three months". Advocates of the diet reckon that after you've tried several drugs, and for children especially, the diet is probably more likely to be successful than trying yet another drug. But that's their expert opinion rather than fully evidence-based results. So the issue is complicated and is mostly covered by the existing article text.
The addition of the above source as a reference in this edit is problematic. This paragraph, and that sentence is history. There's no better source for that that the current source which is an entire chapter in a professional textbook on the history. Every single article, just about, on the KD has a short "Introduction" section that covers the history in a sentence or two. The source given here is no different and adds nothing. I could pick a hundred other sources that do the same. I've already mentioned how history does not need up-to-the-minute sources. The state of epilepsy treatment in the 1920s is well documented already. But further, the source does not actually support any of the sentence. It doesn't say it was widely used or studied and doesn't mention bromides or phenobarbital. It merely says it was "initially devised in the 1920" and puts the decline down to "phenytoin and sodium valproate" (the latter drug is from late 20th century). Even if it did support the text, the source is so shallow that any reader following the link would learn nothing new about the history.
The citations in this featured article, support all the text preceding them in the paragraph up to the previous citation. So if a paragraph has one citation at the end of it, then the whole paragraph is sourced to that source. One cannot just add further citations against random sentences and phrases within the paragraph, without ideally also having access to and reading the original citation for the paragraph as a whole. Otherwise, the link between article text and sources begins to rot and soon nobody is sure what is backed up by what.
Lastly, a featured article is not written by finding random papers on PubMed (or by just reading the free ones) and inserting random facts or adding citations here and there. That approach might work for start-class articles but not when we're trying to write at this level. It will taken some time. -- Colin° Talk 21:54, 11 May 2015 (UTC)
I've only read the lede, so perhaps it's explained in the body of the article, but I don't understand this addition from last July bolded below:
The original therapeutic diet for paediatric epilepsy provides just enough protein for body growth and repair, and sufficient calories to maintain the correct weight for age and height. This classic ketogenic diet contains a 4:1 ratio (although a 3:1 ratio has also been used) by weight of fat to combined protein and carbohydrate. This is achieved by excluding high-carbohydrate foods such as starchy fruits and vegetables, bread, pasta, grains and sugar, while increasing the consumption of foods high in fat such as nuts, cream and butter. Thus, an individual's diet is composed of 90% and 86% of calories coming from fat, respectively.
What does the 90% and 86% refer to? The 3:1 and 4:1 ratios? Whatever, it could be clearer. -- Anthonyhcole ( talk · contribs · email) 06:09, 13 May 2015 (UTC)
Source NICE Guideline CG20:
has been superseded by
The Evidence update notes the Modified Atkins diet may be effective for children with refractory epilepsy, but they do not regard this as a fact to update in the guidance. They cite Use of the modified Atkins diet for treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial as evidence. This definitely looks like a fact to include in our article. However, NICE have three problems with the trial. It is not blinded (but then that is essentially impossible for this therapy), 77% participants were male and 44% vegetarian, which may limit its applicability to the UK. These issues meant they didn't recommend it in their guidance, recommneding a European setting for future trials. -- Colin° Talk 15:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC)
The population of the United States is roughly 5 times that of the UK. In order to ensure that Wikipedia serves as wide an audience as possible, I propose changing the style of this article to U.S. English instead of British English. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 139.78.252.149 ( talk) 21:50, 10 June 2015 (UTC)
To those who have contributed to the improvement to this article I need to let you know that I am proceeding with the request to have this featured article reviewed. Little to no progress has been made to update references that comply with WP:MEDRS. I completely understand that older references are not necessary better references but is likely not true for the whole article. Almost every reference cited is sourced to publications that are more than five years old. I might be missing something but it doesn't appear that any references include review articles, systematic review articles, meta-analyses, reliable and official webpages by the CDC or WHO or medical textbooks.
I am not criticizing the article; It's prose is excellent, it flows naturally point by point. Obviously, a lot of hard work has gone into it, but few if any significant edits have been added that provided good sources.
I am no way suggesting that this article is less than a good article and I know it was created and edited in good faith (except by vandals). Best Regards,
Dear ketogenic diet editors. I've just come across:
- a rather poor article. Is this a viable distinct topic? And if so does it merit its own article, or at most a mention here? Alexbrn ( talk) 05:30, 23 July 2015 (UTC)
This text (copyedited a bit) was added by an IP:
References
Including this text is likely WP:UNDUE, but a correct citation would be helpful. SandyGeorgia ( Talk) 18:58, 30 April 2015 (UTC)
In the Other Applications section, the third paragraph cites a 2013 review and says "the only evidence of benefit is anecdotal". This article http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215472/ has a slightly stronger conclusion and cites clinical studies that I think can be described as preliminary rather than anecdotal. Since I've never edited a featured article, I'll leave that observation here for consideration. JonSidener ( talk) 17:30, 15 May 2016 (UTC)
doi:10.1136/practneurol-2015-001288 JFW | T@lk 11:40, 17 May 2016 (UTC)
This is essentially an article about the ketogenic diet as a treatment for epilepsy. If it were titled as such, it might merit the star. As a general treatment of the subject, it is too specific. It doesn't have much to say about the widespread use of the diet for weight-loss and treatment of diabetes. It doesn't say anything about how the diet actually works - the chemistry. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.174.78.122 ( talk) 09:33, 20 July 2016 (UTC)
If this article is only about Ketogenic diet and epilepsy then why is it not in the heading?
Where do I put this in the article? https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170905145551.htm BernardZ ( talk)
The article is very good but ran into a problem when it described propagation of a nerve impulses. It stated that the charge propagated from one neuron's synapse to another. Actually the synapse is the shared gap between two (or usually many) neurons. I also thought the contrast with "electrical pathways" was not particularly useful. In general the concept of a physical electrical connection, like with electric circuits, is misleading. There are ion channels which speed up charge-potential propagation. It is unlike the conductance of electrons through a copper wire. But since the article is portraying the seizures as a chemical imbalance, the mention of the other method of charge propagation in the brain is a distraction. The age of fable ( talk) 05:23, 16 September 2017 (UTC)
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The Epilepsy section seems out of place here. At best, a single sentence from this section could be incorporated elsewhere in the article, but its placement (as the first section) and content (which is mostly about Eplipesy as a disease and other treatments of it) seems very out of place. The ketogenic diet's role in the treatment of epilepsy is only mentioned in passing, and with almost no usable detail. This needs to be worked on by someone with some knowledge of how to incorporate it better into the narrative flow of the article. For an FA level article, it's quite substandard! -- Jayron 32 15:36, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
I see that Iztwoz added the text "Medium-chain fatty acids octonoic and heptanoic acids can cross the barrier and be used by the brain." with a few sources. They don't appear to meet WP:MEDRS as they seem to be studies on mice and rats, rather than humans. We need secondary sources that directly discuss these acids wrt the ketogenic diet's mechanism in humans. If we can't find suitable sources for this, it should be removed. -- Colin° Talk 14:06, 31 March 2018 (UTC)
I am rather puzzled by this revert by User:Zefr with summary "Preliminary research; speculative" The edit removed several updates I made to the article today:
I ask Zefr to restore my edits and to take more care in future. I'm not some random newbie here. -- Colin° Talk 15:59, 2 April 2018 (UTC)
A 2018 review suggested the evidence from rigorous preclinical and clinical studies of ketogenic diets in cancer therapy was promising, and recommended randomised clinical trials to establish which specific cancers benefit– if you write "to establish which specific cancers benefit" the clear implication is that we know that some cancers do, but just need to find out which specific ones. It makes a claim of efficacy in respect of some cancers, regardless of what section it is in. It's not acceptable unless supported by appropriate MEDRS-compliant sources showing the benefit in the case of some cancers. It could be re-written to be more tentative, but then why include it? We don't routinely include reports on treatments undergoing trials, because can be dangerously misleading to non-scientific readers.
Wikipedia's reliable sources (RS) guideline clarifies that the policy pages at V and NPOV take priority, and that the guideline is to help identify sources subject to common sense and standard practice. MEDRS similarly is intended to provide guidance on how to meet WP:V in medical content. WP:WEIGHT is part of a policy page, NPOV, not a guideline; both WP:V and WP:NPOV take priority over a guideline, and our objective in writing content should be to attain neutrality and verifiability. In my time as WP:FAC delegate, and before that as a reviewer, I read at least 4,000 discussions of articles at FAC. One thing that is quickly observed is the number of reasons and examples of why a guideline is a guideline, as opposed to policy, and why guidelines are signposts to good practice of how to apply policy, rather than absolutes. There is often misunderstanding about how to apply each (guideline or policy), but when these discussions occurred among Wikipedia's top content editors, common sense and logic yielded the better result over black-and-white thinking, and policy reigned over guideline. In the case of medical content, things have become a bit complicated because WP:MEDRS is no longer in line with WP:V or synced with WP:RS, and would probably not be accepted as a guideline in its current state, making it hard to know what do to about its interpretation in today's articles. Sorry to leave you with that bad news :( But in the general, yes, WP:V and WP:NPOV reign, and WP:WEIGHT is part of NPOV. SandyGeorgia ( Talk) 12:28, 3 April 2018 (UTC)This page documents an English Wikipedia guideline. It is a generally accepted standard that editors should follow, though it is best treated with common sense, and occasional exceptions may apply.
Will list papers here as I find them.
That's probably enough for now. There are enough reliable sources that one could, if inclined, write an article on the research underway wrt the ketogenic diet (and related diets and meal-formulae) for diseases other than epilepsy. NPOV means we should look at this diet (and its related and sub-types) not from the POV of a clinician saying "NICE haven't approved it for brain tumours yet" but from a NPOV that says we cover exactly what the professional reliable literature covers, and in the weight they cover it. -- Colin° Talk 12:43, 3 April 2018 (UTC)
The potential adverse effects of a ketogenic diet are not thoroughly explained, or even touched upon in some cases. An addition of a short sub-paragraph on metabolic acidosis in this section would be useful to better explain the ketogenic diet and the possible risks associated with self-implementing such eating behaviors. -- Willgriffen2 ( talk) 18:53, 12 May 2018 (UTC)
The "Other applications" section claims the product Axona was granted status as a "medical food" by the FDA in 2009. The citation does not support this claim. It also runs counter to the Axona page itself, which states that Axona was declared MISBRANDED as a medical food by the FDA in 2013, which has a very good citation, specifically the warning letter from them. Due to this, I'm removing the whole chunk, also someone else more knowledgeable is welcome to add back in (correct and cited) information about the product. — Preceding unsigned comment added by LordQwert ( talk • contribs) 19:44, 21 July 2017 (UTC)
@ Kelly222:: The cited source says:
There are several uncontrolled trials and animal studies describing the potential benefits of the KD for neurologic conditions other than epilepsy and the metabolic conditions described previously. These include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, autism, narcolepsy, brain tumors, and traumatic brain injury (Freeman et al., 2007). At this time, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of the KD for these conditions other than on an investigational basis.
Although most of the paper is about epilepsy, it does specifically address these "other applications". It's fairly early in the longest section of the paper, and pretty easy to overlook. I probably would have missed it, except that I searched for the word Alzheimer rather than trying to read the whole thing. WhatamIdoing ( talk) 06:17, 20 October 2018 (UTC)
I think this article needs a revamp. Its like looking up a article about mathematics and getting one about algebra, with the a hint to look under sciences for a general description of mathematics. While its true that keto fits under the general category of a low carb diet, by no means its a synonym Pfote ( talk) 07:39, 21 December 2018 (UTC)
I read this article for the first time just now.. I was somewhat alerted when the "team of practicing professionals" was introduced, with no alternatives to the formula, and likely US AMA-centric. Then when I got to the "diet description" it said, without equivocation, that breakfast includes bacon ?!? Seriously, this is just obnoxious.. vast portions of the world's population do not eat this food. The overall tone reminds me of 1950s Americana where medical advice is just handed down without question. It is culturally-inappropriate or worse. Definitely re-think the prescriptive parts of this.. I am offended, actually, and I am an US citizen. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.101.48.113 ( talk) 02:37, 24 December 2018 (UTC)
The result of the move request was: Not moved. ( non-admin closure) samee converse 09:11, 29 January 2019 (UTC)
Ketogenic diet →
Ketogenic diet for epilepsy – The primary topic here are
Low-carbohydrate diets in general. I'm not sure if creating a disambiguation page, creating a redirect to that page, or moving
Low-carbohydrate diet here (as a broad concept article) would be done as part of a a move.
power~enwiki (
π,
ν) 04:04, 22 January 2019 (UTC)
This edit below in italics is a summary of primary research on use of the ketogenic diet for obese or diabetic people. The first two sources are literature reviews of preliminary research, and the third is an opinion article acknowledging the absence of clinical research on these conditions. For encyclopedic content (as opposed to writing for a journal or media article), WP:MEDRS emphasizes use of a systematic review or meta-analysis of completed, high-quality Phase III clinical trials, which have not been done. Until there is a more complete research picture and publication of a premium review, the information remains too preliminary to use for the article. -- Zefr ( talk) 01:22, 5 February 2019 (UTC)
References
Compelling evidence exists for the use of nutritional ketosis for the management of weight and the components of metabolic syndrome. Through the utilization of alternative fuel sources, namely ketones, we can capitalize on the antagonistic relationship of high glucagon and low insulin levels that promote breakdown of fat for fuel, sparing of glycogen in muscles, and de novo gluconeogenesis as needed. Further research is needed into long-term adherence and practicality of VLCKD, but the current results are promising for weight management, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity.
I have had type 2 diabetes since the last decade. Havnen't been able to keep it in remission. Recently got YouTube recommended videos to watch. Two people: Dr. Berry and ? (Beat Diabes) say that a Ketogenic Diet can have massive positive effects on Type 2 Diabetes. This article doesn't really mention that. It focuses instead on the application for healing/reversing Epilepsy. Dr. Berry's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIma2WOQs1Mz2AuOt6wRSUw
Beat Diabetes https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmKsQWqGmDPIWgrVqGYbc3w
So a section on the application of a Ketogenic Diet on Diabetics is in store. Jimj wpg ( talk) 07:00, 18 November 2019 (UTC)
X1\ ( talk) 23:05, 20 November 2019 (UTC)
I think there should be first at the very top a very short definition of the diet itself all alone, without connecting it to one specific use.
This should be followed by the general discussions of the chemical reactions in the body, then should come its variants described in laymans terms, and the different reasons ketogenic diet is actualised, such as its applications against things we face today. The ketogenic diets use as a cure for childhood epilepsy must be there for sure, but one should recognize that there are many other reasons ketogenic diet is being discussed, argued for-and-against, practiced, found useful, found it should be avoided in certain situations, etc.. These should be listed early and given their own chapters on equal footing. The list is long: weight control, diabetes, sport, evolutionary advantage, its disappearance from common practice in recent history, degrees/phases of ketogenesis, relationship to other bodily functions, methods-, techniques- and tools for its practice.
I am tending to believe that we need several supporting pages; May be we need a new page with this name for the LCAPHF diet, and the present page sould be renamed "Ketogenic Diet Therapy". Cobanyastigi ( talk) 20:05, 5 June 2019 (UTC)
-- Colin° Talk 20:06, 15 May 2020 (UTC)
While historically (since 1921), ketogenic diets have been used to treat epilepsy, contemporary usage to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus is far more common. Research and clinical experience indicate that a ketogenic diet is more effective at controlling the high blood sugars of diabetes than are current diabetes medicines (more on this below).
I have Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and have found like other patients that a ketogenic diet (a diet that induces ketosis, a form of metabolism that obtains energy from oil and fat in the diet instead of sugar and starch) will control diabetes effectively without the need for increasing use of diabetic medicines over time (details and research results are discussed toward the end of this comment).
I believe that a major contribution to public health would result from educating everyone concerning the use of a ketogenic diet as an alternative to an ever-increasing need for diabetic medicines in patients who are in glycolysis (normal carbohydrate-burning metabolism). Diabetic medicines are typically increased over time as the disease progresses (and the body's insulin resistance increases and pancreatic function decreases).
Details and Research
Ketosis is a unique form of metabolism, which can be induced by diet. This has been known since 1921 when the ketogenic diet was first standardized at Mayo Clinic to treat certain forms of epilepsy.
The contemporary use of a ketogenic diet to treat obesity, diabetes, and certain other diseases is medically controversial due to the following factors:
1. A similarly-named but different condition, ketoacidosis, is life-threatening; it is common to blame ketosis (which is simply a form of metabolism and is medically benign) for generating ketoacidosis, which it does not do, or for itself having the effects of ketoacidosis, which it does not have.
2. The definition of a ketogenic diet has been misunderstood in various ways (such as a diet containing less than 5% carbohydrates, which may or may not generate ketosis, depending on the individual).
3. There has been an enthusiastic rush to publish research which has resulted in several negative poor-quality studies being published (in some of these studies, the subjects were not measured for being in ketosis).
4. It is relatively difficult to obtain funding, since ketosis results in less drug usage rather than the need for a specific pharmaceutical.
While patient response to being in ketosis is seen to be dramatically positive in a number of studies (in terms of the reversal of obesity and/or the elimination of the need for medications to obtain diabetic control), and while measuring ketosis is not difficult since it is produces dramatically different physiological markers from the usual glycolysis, ketogenic diets are not yet recommended by doctors, dietitians, and nutritionists as standard practice due to the many common misunderstandings and the poor meta studies reflecting the many poor studies that have been published to date.
Here are some studies and meta studies of true ketogenic diets and their results in diabetes:
"[A ketogenic diet] had positive effects on body weight, waist measurement, serum triglycerides, and glycemic control in a cohort of 21 participants with type 2 diabetes. Most impressive is that improvement in hemoglobin A1c was observed despite a small sample size and short duration of follow-up, and this improvement in glycemic control occurred while diabetes medications were reduced substantially in many participants."
"The prevalence of type two diabetes (T2D) has been increasing sharply worldwide. Many recent studies have been done to determine the effective strategies for better management of type two diabetes. One of these strategies was the Ketogenic Diet, which when performed on rats and human showed very impressive results. The benefits of having some ketone bodies circulating in the body have numerous benefits such as weight loss, improvement of HbA1c levels, reversal of nephropathy, cardiac benefits and treatment for dyslipidemia."
"Reducing carbohydrate intake to a certain level, typically below 50 g per day, leads to increased ketogenesis in order to provide fuel for the body. Such low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets were employed to treat obesity and diabetes in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Recent clinical research has reinvigorated the use of the ketogenic diet for individuals with obesity and diabetes. Although characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, the underlying cause of T2DM is hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, typically as a result of increased energy intake leading to obesity. The ketogenic diet substantially reduces the glycemic response that results from dietary carbohydrate as well as improves the underlying insulin resistance. This review combines a literature search of the published science and practical guidance based on clinical experience."
Note: I am an independent researcher in an unrelated field, and my interest in ketosis is as a patient and successful user of a ketogenic diet, not as a researcher.
Note: The usage of so-called keto dieting in musclebuilding and sports is a separate social phenomenon and is irrelevant to the main importance to society of true ketogenic diets in the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
David Spector ( talk) 13:29, 5 May 2020 (UTC)
Healthcare providers generally know "ketosis" only as a specialized and medically accepted metabolic state for treating epilepsy, or else have patients who report its value in controlling type 2 diabetes or in normalizing body weight.
I doubt that many healthcare providers would venture any opinion as to how much vegetable matter should be in a patient's diet. Neither would experts in ketogenic diet, since what matters for achieving ketosis is carbohydrate and fat levels, not specific kinds of foods such as vegetables. Vegetables, in particular, range from high in carbohydrates (potatoes) to low in carbohydrates (lettuce).
A ketogenic diet suitable for the control of diabetes generally does not focus on specific foods or amounts of foods as good, bad, or recommended. The state of ketosis generally results from very low carbohydrate intake in combination with normal or elevated amounts of fats and oils, since these are metabolized for energy in ketosis. Protein levels are not of primary significance in achieving ketosis, and slightly higher protein levels are encouraged, as are high levels of non-nutritive fiber, both soluble and insoluble.
The whole field of ketogenic diet for treating diabetes and circulatory problems is still quite new, and misunderstandings outside of its clinical and research community are common (usually starting with the common confusion with ketoacidosis). Many doctors doing current research in ketosis post videos at YouTube in an attempt to alert the public to an alternative for ever-increasing medication to counter the phenomenon of ever-increasing insulin resistance, which frequently happens in type 2 diabetes, and as an intervention for the current epidemic in obesity.
So the best way to locate good studies of patient populations having success with ketogenic diets is to start at YouTube to find out which clinics are doing these studies, then looking up reports and publications. While I've seen some of these videos, and they are certainly medically impressive, I don't have the time to create a research bibliography; but one is urgently needed.
I actually started my own diet on the advice of a cardiologist whom I saw briefly, who was impressed with the research results on ketosis in his own field, on heart and circulatory health, and had educated himself about the rich information published on ketosis and diet in the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiac health.
I have discussed the value of a ketogenic diet with my family doctor, my oncologist, my surgeons, several dieticians, my nephrologist, and other specialists. Not one of these medical people knew anything about ketosis or ketogenic diet other than rumors from patients. I would say that medicine has not yet discovered the immense value of ketogenic diets for conditions outside of epilepsy.
And yes, the ketogenic diet used for the treatment of epilepsy is quite different from the ketogenic diet that controls type 2 diabetes and certain other conditions. The kind of diet I maintain is actually pretty easy to do.
It was up to me to experiment on my own and discover that when I was in ketosis (as measured by Ketostix or by examining the urine--I haven't purchased a ketone breath or blood meter) my blood glucose is under good control, and when my intake of carbohydrates is just high enough to take me out of ketosis my blood glucose goes way too high and stays there all day, even at happening at a time when I was taking 2000 mg of metformin a day.
These experiences of mine match those reported by several clinicians who run ketogenic diet trials to reverse escalation in insulin dosages for dozens or hundreds of patients with advanced type 2 diabetes. Their reported success rates are high.
Wikipedia is for reporting accepted and notable knowledge and human experience, not novel medical treatments. Ketosis and ketogenic diets as used in the treatments for the conditions listed above are just now beginning to cross over the threshold for being relevant subjects for inclusion here. This is why this section is titled A Minority Opinion. Someday, much of what I've written here may become a majority opinion. David Spector ( talk) 20:02, 21 May 2020 (UTC)
WhatamIdoing: What are you doing? I have not disagreed with your statement. However, it has nothing to do with this topic. Eating a certain amount of a particular food will most definitely not induce ketosis. David Spector ( talk) 11:55, 22 May 2020 (UTC)
Colin, as I indicated above, I have little time to work on this. Not even enough time to read the archives and comment on them intelligently. Besides, I'm actually not an expert, just someone who uses this diet successfully and has heard of several small and medium-scale studies showing that type 2 diabetes patients on high-dosage insulin can successfully titrate down and eliminate all diabetes drugs. Such patient experience and (tiny amount) of research deserves some mention, hence my "minority opinion". But extending this article for the new applications calls for contributions by an expert.
As to the confusions here and elsewhere about what constitutes a "ketogenic diet", I fully agree: we need better terminology, because these diets aren't going away.
Concerning the difficulty of staying on this or any other diet, I agree that it is a very important issue. I actually started my diet twice: the first version was too difficult for me to maintain for longer than a few months. But my second version has served me well and is not so difficult to maintain, as I mentioned above.
The kind of diet required to reverse insulin resistance or obesity does not require weighing and measuring food, or ingesting large amounts of fat. All that is necessary for successful results is staying in ketosis, as evidenced by some sort of measurement. It seems evident that epilepsy is much more difficult to treat than these other disorders through a ketogenic diet, so the diet must be more severe for epilepsy.
Also, I hope everyone remembers that even though this use of ketogenic diets is perhaps only about 15 years old, it has had a very slow start among medical specialists, with almost no external publicity other than for the faddish "muscle-building" usage, which appears medically unresearched. David Spector ( talk) 11:55, 22 May 2020 (UTC)
Could someone with sufficient permissions please edit Template:Editnotices/Page/Ketogenic diet and change «described in the articles low-carbohydrate diet and no-carbohydrate diet» to «described in the article low-carbohydrate diet»? They both link/redirect to the top of the same article. Thanks. -- Dan Harkless ( talk) 20:06, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
The Adverse Effects section states that "excess calcium in the urine is caused by bone demineralisation".
Whilst most studies would support elevated rates of calcium in the urine, there is little evidence of a causal link to bone dimeneralisation. In fact, the citation provided is a secondary source. It does not investigate this relationship. If you examine the original paper which it cites as evidence, Furth et al. (2000), you will find that it makes no mention of bone dimeneralisation causing excess calcium - they report it as a correlation.
In a review Cao & Nielsen (2010) state... "Recent findings do not support the assumption that bone is lost to provide the extra calcium found in urine." The paper is dedicated to examining bone health in acidic diets so feel free to examine for further evidence [1]. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.99.240.221 ( talk)
References