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Umberto I of Italy,
Gaetano Bresci spent most of the day eating ice cream? | ||||||||||
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"the first person to kill a European monarch (without toppling the monarchy) and not be executed" is sourced and all ok that way, but it is also obviously false as stated. More correctly, Bresci may be the first assassin of royalty to escape execution due to abolishment of capital punishment, and that is probably what the source intended. // 81.233.102.222 ( talk) 11:12, 13 January 2011 (UTC) (OlofE)
(from France) the statement that "Biographer Arrigo Petacco described the circumstances of Bresci's death as mysterious" does not go far enough : these circumstances were... always seen as mysterious. Petacco's book L'anarchico che venne dall'America (Mondadori, 1969) put an end once for all to the official version -suicide. Luc Nemeth 194.214.199.130 ( talk) 14:53, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
Is there a source for the claim that he is still considered a hero by many 'republicans'? For I'm Italian and it is not clear to me who these "republicans" are supposed to be. I would be surprised if they were the members or supporters of the Italian Republican Party which is very small and rather conservative. Nicola carraro ( talk) 10:26, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
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How should I clarify this? -- Grnrchst ( talk) 11:11, 24 April 2023 (UTC)the local police chief did not take alarm even though Bresci was listed in local police records as a “dangerous anarchist.”
Kemp 2018, p. 62:Convicted to life in prison (Italy did not have capital punishment), Bresci died the next year in jail, reportedly under suspicious circumstances.
Levy 2007, pp. 214-215:Whether Bresci acted alone in both the assassination of Umberto and his own death is contested to this day. The likelihood is that given italian jurisprudence during this period, and the severity of the offense for which he was convicted, prison guards may well have been responsible for his demise.
How can I more clearly attribute this? -- Grnrchst ( talk) 12:12, 24 April 2023 (UTC)Was Bresci murdered in prison? [...] Bresci was found dead, hanging from a cell window by a towel, even though he was under constant surveillance. There was a four-day gap between the death and the actual autopsy, and it had been argued that the man in charge of the Acciarito affair and soon after appointed as the super-intendent of Italian prisons, had carried out a “wet job” on Bresci. Case unsolved.
Although Sbardelloto’s family was hounded by the local fascist hierarchy of Mel, and Benito Mussolini took a personal and strangely benevolent interest, leading interventionists and fascists “of the first hour” (Arpinati, Rocca, and Gioda) had been individualist anarchists who had praised “propaganda by the deed.” And Mussolini himself had written in praise of Orsini, Angiolillo, and Bresci before the war in the socialist Lotta di Classe on the anniversary of Umberto’s assassination.42
[42] See Mussolini’s article “Il Caso Manfredi,” L’Avvenire del Lavoratore, February 6, 1904, and also Lotta di classe, July 16, 1910. [...]
On this version:
In the heat of the noisy debate, a young barber named Domenico Pazzaglia -- a friend of one of the West Hoboken group -- leaped to his feet, drew a gun and fired upon Malatesta, who fell, slightly wounded. Only the speedy action of a young man in the audience saved his life. Gaetano Bresci rushed forward and seized Pazzaglia.
Do the other sources back the rest of the claim?
Pernicone & Ottanelli 2018, pp. 143-144:Bresci was active in anarchist meetings and was part of the anarchist movement in Paterson, New Jersey. Indeed he saved Errico Malatesta, by successfully tackling an enraged individualist anarchist who took exception to a speech Malatesta was giving.
I guess if I'm being strict, I'd say calling it attempted murder is the only part of it that is technically OR, although that is how I understood it upon reading it. Can reword if necessary. -- Grnrchst ( talk) 12:19, 24 April 2023 (UTC)On that evening of September 3, 1899, when Pazzaglia shot and wounded Malatesta, it was Bresci who disarmed the assailant.
I'll take this on for review Mujinga ( talk) 16:21, 21 April 2023 (UTC)
Lacking a central party or organization, these political groups formed the cornerstone of the movement. Most were small and insular, with between twenty and forty members, but Paterson’s Bresci and Diritto all’Esistenza (Right of Existence) each counted a few hundred comrades, were multiethnic, and persisted for almost two decades, until the Red Scare. One 1914 police report put the membership of the Bresci group at nearly six hundred and described them as “a cosmopolitan lot” who “met regularly in the basement of a building at 301 East 106th Street, a shabby house in a shabby district east of the New York Central tracks.”
Determined to combat their enemy by any means necessary, hard-core followers of Galleani (including Carlo Valdinoci, Mario Buda, Mary Nardini, and Ella Antolini) began to retaliate with terrorist actions. Members of the Bresci group in East Harlem, who were staunch supporters of Galleani, had long been suspected of terrorism. In 1914, they and Jewish anarchists from the Ferrer Center allegedly plotted the assassination of John D. Rockefeller in retaliation for the Ludlow Massacre, in which eleven women and two children died. Amedeo Polignani, an Italian American agent provocateur working for the New York Police Department’s antiradical unit, consequently infiltrated the Bresci group, and in 1915, two of its members, Frank Abarno and Carmine Carbone, were framed and convicted of a plot to bomb St. Patrick’s Cathedral.
The result was: promoted by
Bruxton (
talk) 00:47, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
Improved to Good Article status by Grnrchst ( talk). Self-nominated at 21:03, 1 May 2023 (UTC). Post-promotion hook changes for this nom will be logged at Template talk:Did you know nominations/Gaetano Bresci; consider watching this nomination, if it is successful, until the hook appears on the Main Page.
I've uploaded this illustration from the New York Herald (Aug 1, 1900) showing where Umberto was shot, which could be a useful visual aid but, given the other inaccuracies in the press at this time, I'm not sure how accurate it is. Is there documentation corroborating this illustration? czar 12:06, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
Gaetano Bresci has been listed as one of the History good articles under the good article criteria. If you can improve it further, please do so. If it no longer meets these criteria, you can reassess it. | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
A
fact from this article appeared on Wikipedia's
Main Page in the "
Did you know?" column on
May 9, 2023. The text of the entry was: Did you know ... that before assassinating
Umberto I of Italy,
Gaetano Bresci spent most of the day eating ice cream? | ||||||||||
Facts from this article were featured on Wikipedia's Main Page in the " On this day..." column on July 29, 2006, November 10, 2019, July 29, 2020, and July 29, 2023. |
This
level-5 vital article is rated GA-class on Wikipedia's
content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A request has been made for this article to be peer reviewed to receive a broader perspective on how it may be improved. Please make any edits you see fit to improve the quality of this article. |
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"the first person to kill a European monarch (without toppling the monarchy) and not be executed" is sourced and all ok that way, but it is also obviously false as stated. More correctly, Bresci may be the first assassin of royalty to escape execution due to abolishment of capital punishment, and that is probably what the source intended. // 81.233.102.222 ( talk) 11:12, 13 January 2011 (UTC) (OlofE)
(from France) the statement that "Biographer Arrigo Petacco described the circumstances of Bresci's death as mysterious" does not go far enough : these circumstances were... always seen as mysterious. Petacco's book L'anarchico che venne dall'America (Mondadori, 1969) put an end once for all to the official version -suicide. Luc Nemeth 194.214.199.130 ( talk) 14:53, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
Is there a source for the claim that he is still considered a hero by many 'republicans'? For I'm Italian and it is not clear to me who these "republicans" are supposed to be. I would be surprised if they were the members or supporters of the Italian Republican Party which is very small and rather conservative. Nicola carraro ( talk) 10:26, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
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How should I clarify this? -- Grnrchst ( talk) 11:11, 24 April 2023 (UTC)the local police chief did not take alarm even though Bresci was listed in local police records as a “dangerous anarchist.”
Kemp 2018, p. 62:Convicted to life in prison (Italy did not have capital punishment), Bresci died the next year in jail, reportedly under suspicious circumstances.
Levy 2007, pp. 214-215:Whether Bresci acted alone in both the assassination of Umberto and his own death is contested to this day. The likelihood is that given italian jurisprudence during this period, and the severity of the offense for which he was convicted, prison guards may well have been responsible for his demise.
How can I more clearly attribute this? -- Grnrchst ( talk) 12:12, 24 April 2023 (UTC)Was Bresci murdered in prison? [...] Bresci was found dead, hanging from a cell window by a towel, even though he was under constant surveillance. There was a four-day gap between the death and the actual autopsy, and it had been argued that the man in charge of the Acciarito affair and soon after appointed as the super-intendent of Italian prisons, had carried out a “wet job” on Bresci. Case unsolved.
Although Sbardelloto’s family was hounded by the local fascist hierarchy of Mel, and Benito Mussolini took a personal and strangely benevolent interest, leading interventionists and fascists “of the first hour” (Arpinati, Rocca, and Gioda) had been individualist anarchists who had praised “propaganda by the deed.” And Mussolini himself had written in praise of Orsini, Angiolillo, and Bresci before the war in the socialist Lotta di Classe on the anniversary of Umberto’s assassination.42
[42] See Mussolini’s article “Il Caso Manfredi,” L’Avvenire del Lavoratore, February 6, 1904, and also Lotta di classe, July 16, 1910. [...]
On this version:
In the heat of the noisy debate, a young barber named Domenico Pazzaglia -- a friend of one of the West Hoboken group -- leaped to his feet, drew a gun and fired upon Malatesta, who fell, slightly wounded. Only the speedy action of a young man in the audience saved his life. Gaetano Bresci rushed forward and seized Pazzaglia.
Do the other sources back the rest of the claim?
Pernicone & Ottanelli 2018, pp. 143-144:Bresci was active in anarchist meetings and was part of the anarchist movement in Paterson, New Jersey. Indeed he saved Errico Malatesta, by successfully tackling an enraged individualist anarchist who took exception to a speech Malatesta was giving.
I guess if I'm being strict, I'd say calling it attempted murder is the only part of it that is technically OR, although that is how I understood it upon reading it. Can reword if necessary. -- Grnrchst ( talk) 12:19, 24 April 2023 (UTC)On that evening of September 3, 1899, when Pazzaglia shot and wounded Malatesta, it was Bresci who disarmed the assailant.
I'll take this on for review Mujinga ( talk) 16:21, 21 April 2023 (UTC)
Lacking a central party or organization, these political groups formed the cornerstone of the movement. Most were small and insular, with between twenty and forty members, but Paterson’s Bresci and Diritto all’Esistenza (Right of Existence) each counted a few hundred comrades, were multiethnic, and persisted for almost two decades, until the Red Scare. One 1914 police report put the membership of the Bresci group at nearly six hundred and described them as “a cosmopolitan lot” who “met regularly in the basement of a building at 301 East 106th Street, a shabby house in a shabby district east of the New York Central tracks.”
Determined to combat their enemy by any means necessary, hard-core followers of Galleani (including Carlo Valdinoci, Mario Buda, Mary Nardini, and Ella Antolini) began to retaliate with terrorist actions. Members of the Bresci group in East Harlem, who were staunch supporters of Galleani, had long been suspected of terrorism. In 1914, they and Jewish anarchists from the Ferrer Center allegedly plotted the assassination of John D. Rockefeller in retaliation for the Ludlow Massacre, in which eleven women and two children died. Amedeo Polignani, an Italian American agent provocateur working for the New York Police Department’s antiradical unit, consequently infiltrated the Bresci group, and in 1915, two of its members, Frank Abarno and Carmine Carbone, were framed and convicted of a plot to bomb St. Patrick’s Cathedral.
The result was: promoted by
Bruxton (
talk) 00:47, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
Improved to Good Article status by Grnrchst ( talk). Self-nominated at 21:03, 1 May 2023 (UTC). Post-promotion hook changes for this nom will be logged at Template talk:Did you know nominations/Gaetano Bresci; consider watching this nomination, if it is successful, until the hook appears on the Main Page.
I've uploaded this illustration from the New York Herald (Aug 1, 1900) showing where Umberto was shot, which could be a useful visual aid but, given the other inaccuracies in the press at this time, I'm not sure how accurate it is. Is there documentation corroborating this illustration? czar 12:06, 23 April 2024 (UTC)