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Oil trader is now one of the richest people in the USA. He started a hedge fund with 'ill gotten' money from Enron. http://finance.yahoo.com/career-work/article/110948/youngest-billionaires-in-america;_ylt=AjDHSW6ZANtGQoWnekbPcIpO7sMF;_ylu=X3oDMTFhNGY5bjNkBHBvcwMzBHNlYwNwZXJzb25hbEZpbmFuY2UEc2xrA2FtZXJpY2FzeW91bg--?mod=career-leadership
-- Ericg33 ( talk) 10:33, 10 October 2010 (UTC)
After working on the article for the last week, I have nominated the article at Good article nominations. Before the article is reviewed, try and give the article a copyedit to further improve the article. Good work to all who have contributed to the article in the past. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 ( talk • contrib) 20:58, 11 August 2009 (UTC)
I have restored previous version the lead section [6] for the following reasons:
My view is that the lead should be sourced as much as possible. In my experience, articles that are not sourced tend to be magnets for original research, which in turn tends to be subject to "goldfish editing", by which I mean lots of editors make little nibbles at the text.-- Gavin Collins ( talk| contribs) 13:23, 12 August 2009 (UTC)
The lead definitely could be reworded, but as stated above, only a few of the statements actually need citations. Feel free to readd the prior lead and reword it as you see fit. It's good to take a look at each statement individually, and we want to ensure it is accurate. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 ( talk • contrib) 18:21, 13 August 2009 (UTC)
Hi, Nehrams. I'm going to review this article for GA. I can see at first glance over sources that you've done an admirable job at finding what there was to find about this issue. Primarily, I think I'll be concentrating here on prose and comprehension, as economic writing is very often filled with jargon and I noticed some parts where inherent insider understanding is necessary to get the concepts in the article. I'll be leaving my comments here over the next day or so. -- Moni3 ( talk) 14:39, 10 September 2009 (UTC)
Okeydoke. I apologize for not being able to get to this right away. I have found my time so interrupted that I hope you don't mind that I take this article in fits and starts, just to be able to do something. I tried to start it several times but got so sidetracked that I could not complete it in one sitting.
Lead: Repetition
The Enron scandal was a corporate scandal involving the American energy Enron Corporation based in Houston, Texas and the accounting, auditing, and consultancy firm Arthur Andersen, that was revealed in October 2001. The scandal eventually led to the bankruptcy of Enron, at that point, the largest in American history. Arthur Andersen, which at the time was one of the five largest accounting firms in the world, was dissolved.
The Enron scandal, revealed in October 2001, involved the Houston, Texas-based energy corporation Enron, and accounting, auditing, and consultancy firm Arthur Andersen. It eventually led to the bankruptcy of Enron, which was at the time the largest (energy company? corporation?) in American history, and the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest accounting firms in the world.
Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, he instituted mark-to-market accounting and developed a staff of executives that would later bring the downfall of the company. Along with Chief Financial Officer Andrew Fastow and other executives, the company used accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting to hide billions in debt from failed deals and projects.
Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, he instituted mark-to-market accounting that used
accountingbookkeeping? loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting to hide billions in debt from failed deals and projects. These practices were assisted/approved/condoned by a staff of executives that would later bring the downfall of the company, including Chief Financial Officer Andrew Fastow.
The rise of Enron
Causes of downfall
JEDI and Chewco
Whitewing
LJM and Raptor
Corporate governance
Executive compensation
Risk management
Financial audit
Picking up in Financial audit
Audit committee
Other accounting issues and stock price focus
Timeline of downfall
Investors' confidence declines
Restructuring losses and SEC investigation
Liquidity concerns
Credit rating downgrade
Proposed buyout by Dynegy
Bankruptcy
Trials
Aftermath
I've read through some of your changes and comments. I'm going to read through the article again, directing specific attention on the issues I highlighted above.
Other thoughts: Should you contemplate taking this to FAC, I suggest going through it or asking Tony1 to do the same, to look for language that is too burdensome or that could be simplified. I commend you for taking on this article. I do not recall ever giving such a detailed review for GA, but there is a lot of technical information that should be easily accessible. It's quite impressive that you have been able to construct it as well as you have. I'll be in contact again soon. -- Moni3 ( talk) 14:42, 21 September 2009 (UTC)
Nehrams, I'm reading through the article again and have some suggestions that are easier for me to rearrange in a sandbox than explain in a GA review. They are primarily concerned with the logical flow of the presentation of facts, how one section joins to another, and basically the facilitation of information. I'd like to see the JEDI and Chewco section rewritten, as I know you worked on it but I just do not understand what it is trying to say. Let me know your thoughts. -- Moni3 ( talk) 17:46, 23 September 2009 (UTC)
Nehram I'd like to suggest a modification to the trials subsection for Arthur Andersen. The last line mentions how the name is too damaged to continue as a business. However, Andersen Tax has recently re-emerged as a rising force in the accounting field. Much of the tax practice at AA initially joined Accenture. However, Andersen Tax's parent company originally purchased a portion of AA's tax practice and is named after Andersen, so Andersen certainly has Arthur Andersen roots. I knew this information from my own experience as an accountant student and professional, as well as viewing the Andersen Tax wiki page. Hope this information helps with future edits! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rsavary1 ( talk • contribs) 16:11, 6 February 2019 (UTC)
I have reverted the recent changes for several reasons. The addition of the revenue recognition section, although beneficial to the article, cannot remain in its current state. The majority of the content is nearly verbatim from the source, and although the source is attributed, editors are required to either expand/further develop the text or put it in quotation marks indicating it is being quoted from a source. Since it doesn't appear feasible to add quotation marks around the entire section, it needs to be re-written. I've removed it from the article for now, but if it is re-written it would make a great addition to the article. The lead was also reverted as it can only remain at four paragraphs per WP:LEAD and since there was some duplication. Please see the above discussion for further explanation. Hopefully we can fix the section and readd it to the article, but at its current state, I have removed it. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 ( talk • contrib) 00:41, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
- 1. One consequence of these events was the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002, as a result of the first admissions of fraudulent behavior made by Enron. The act significantly raises criminal penalties for securities fraud, for destroying, altering or fabricating records in federal investigations or any scheme or attempt to defraud shareholders. [1]
- 2. Energy merchants are firms that engage in wholesale trading and risk management and development of electric power plants but also natural gas pipelines, storage, and processing facilities. [2]
- 3.If a merchant takes the risks of buying and selling goods, it is allowed to report the entire selling price of the products as revenues and the cost of purchases as cost of goods sold. By contrast, an " agent" is someone who provides a service to the customer, but does not really take up the risks of buying and selling. Under the agent model, the service provider is allowed to report the trading fee, brokerage fee, etc. as revenue, but not the entire value of the transaction. [3]
- 4. Enron adopted an aggressive accounting interpretation of what constitutes revenues by adopting a so-called "merchant model" of revenues, whereby Enron reported the entire value of each trade on which it was a counterparty as its revenue, rather than reporting as revenues only its trading or brokerage fees. Traditional trading firms such as Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch use a more conservative "agent model" of revenue reporting, in which only the trading or brokerage fee would be reported as revenue. [4]
- 5. Enron’s use of distorted, hyper-inflated revenues was more important to it in creating the impression of innovation, high growth, and spectacular business performance than the masking of debt. In four short years from 1996 to 2000, its revenues had increased by more than 750 percent, rising from $13.3 billion in 1996 to $100.8 billion in 2000. From 1999 to 2000, Enron’s revenues increased 151% from $40.1 billion to $100.8 billion. This growth of over 65% per year is unprecedented in any industry let alone the staid energy industry that normally views even a two or three percent a year growth as a decent achievement. Enron reported pre-bankruptcy revenues of $138.7 billion for the first nine months of 2001, pushing it up to Number 6 on the Fortune Global 500, passing DaimlerChrysler, Royal Dutch/Shell, General Electric and Toyota and ChevronTexaco. As can be seen by the use of revenues as the basis for Fortune’s annual ranking of companies, annual revenues can he an important psychological measure that carries a lot of weight among investors and the public as an indicator of success and economic size. [5]
- 6. This practice of reporting inflated trading revenue was not limited to just Enron in the energy industry. Many other companies in the energy trading industry felt the need to meet the competitive pressure from Enron’s rapid ascendancy; and most of the main competitors of Enron adopted financial reporting methods that were identical to Enron’s. Soon, several energy companies with substantive trading operations moved into the elite top 50 of the Fortune 500 category induding Duke Energy; El Paso Corporation, Reliant Energy, and Dynegy Inc. [6]
- ^ Aiyesha Dey, and Thomas Z. Lys: "Trends in Earnings Management and Informativeness of Earnings Announcements in the Pre- and Post-Sarbanes Oxley Periods ( Kellogg School of Management, Evanston, Illinois, February, 2005) p.5
- ^ Foss, Michelle Michot,Enron and the Energy Market Revolution, University of Houston Law Center, September 2003, p. 1 [1]
- ^ Dharan, Bala G. and Bufkins, William R., Red Flags in Enron's Reporting of Revenues and Key Financial Measures, (Enron: Corporate Fiascos And Their Implications, Foundation Press, ISBN: 1587785781, 2004, p.101-103 [2]
- ^ Dharan, Bala G. and Bufkins, William R., Red Flags in Enron's Reporting of Revenues and Key Financial Measures, (Enron: Corporate Fiascos And Their Implications, Foundation Press, ISBN: 1587785781, 2004, p.101-103 [3]
- ^ Dharan, Bala G. and Bufkins, William R., Red Flags in Enron's Reporting of Revenues and Key Financial Measures, (Enron: Corporate Fiascos And Their Implications, Foundation Press, ISBN: 1587785781, 2004, p.97-100 [4]
- ^ Dharan, Bala G. and Bufkins, William R., Red Flags in Enron's Reporting of Revenues and Key Financial Measures, (Enron: Corporate Fiascos And Their Implications, Foundation Press, ISBN: 1587785781, 2004, p.105 [5]
I think you will find I have modified the text in most instances. However, where a sentence is short, or contains useful facts or significant coverage, I have left the original text for full effect. Whether this is plagarism or not, i am not qualified to venture an opinion. -- Gavin Collins ( talk| contribs) 00:42, 10 November 2009 (UTC)
Response to third opinion request (Is the recent text added amount to plagarism?): |
I am responding to a third opinion request for this page. I have made no previous edits on Enron scandal and have no known association with the editors involved in this discussion. The third opinion process is informal and I have no special powers or authority apart from being a fresh pair of eyes. |
The relevant guidance is WP:PLAG and possibly WP:COPYVIO. Dealing with COPYVIO first, there is no apparent copyright violation as there is no evidence that any significant amount of text has been copied directly from the sources. With regard to potential plagiarism, the text in question is sourced and attributed. Taking point 5 as an example source, I can see that more than a little phrasing has been borrowed (such as "hyper-inflated", more often used as a medical term but used in this financial context by the source) and some sentences taken unedited from the source. It should be noted that the statistics used would not be considered plagiarism and these form a significant amount of the text for this point. In conclusion I can see no evidence of systematic plagiarism however some sentences have been taken directly from the source and should be re-written or made into quotations to make the attribution obvious. Where terminology and phrasing has been borrowed from the sources care should be taken to comply with the guidance of WP:PLAG, however I would recommend this is achieved by consensus improvement and re-phrasing of the text rather than immediate removal or reversion of edits. It should be noted that I have not considered questions of layout, readability or duplication.— Ash ( talk) 11:47, 11 November 2009 (UTC) |
Many thanks to Ash for taking time out to respond. In response to the concerns raised by Nehrams2020, I feel that the addition of this content is supported by Wikipedia policy. Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria states that "Articles and other Wikipedia pages may, in accordance with the guideline, use brief verbatim textual excerpts from copyrighted media, properly attributed or cited to its original source or author". As a gesture of goodwill, I would be grateful if he could restore my edits in full, or at least agree to do so. Perhaps then we can go on to discuss his specific proposals to amend the text. -- Gavin Collins ( talk| contribs) 16:58, 11 November 2009 (UTC)
User:Gavin.collins has confirmed that due to a misunderstanding, much of the sourced text that he has added in to this article is a copyvio of the source he got it from. I don't have access to most of these sources - they are not online. Is there a possibility of anyone here rewriting Gavin's contributions to avoid copyvio. Otherwise I am going to have to delete all of his contributions, which would kind of wreck the article. -- Elen of the Roads ( talk) 16:10, 4 October 2010 (UTC)
I think the figure quoted in the 4th paragraph of 1 The Rise of Enron are incorrect. It states that the Enron stock rose by 311%! - but the next sentence seems to give a contrary effect. I wonder if a decimal point has got missed out somewhere. I have placed a citation needed note on this.
If you have better information, please correct this.
The complete sentence reads: Enron's stock increased from the start of the 1990s until year-end 1998 by 311%[citation needed], only modestly higher than the average rate of growth in the Standard & Poor 500 index.
Notthebestusername ( talk) 05:38, 25 October 2016 (UTC)
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I would have contacted you on your talk page but could not figure out who you are. I clicked on 2604:3d08:5681:2c00:d64:a5f:5674:abe9 but it did not go to a talk page. I'm trying to understand why your opinion is superior to mine. My comment to the first reversion was sincere. Your reply seemed to be intentionally provocative. I'm not a vandal and do not respond well to being called one. Wiki name ( talk) 15:34, 19 February 2020 (UTC)
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect EnWrong. The discussion will occur at Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 27#EnWrong until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 ( talk) 18:19, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
While I would never suggest that ownership is a good thing, I've noticed yet another instance where an article so large is fragmented with parts having no (remaining) connection to the other text, or history, or relevance.
Out of the blue there's a paragraph beginning:
And no identification of who or what is being talked about.
In a version of the article over 10 years ago, the text breathlessly included:
Looking around one can find mentions in other articles to Chewco and JEDI and such. So the person is real. And apparently contributed a lot to the debacle. But here, no explanation or, that is, no remaining explanation. Shenme ( talk) 03:27, 2 December 2021 (UTC)
After FTX collapse, Sam Bankman-Fried exit, new CEO bankruptcy expert lawyer John Ray is in the news. "John Ray III, was chairman and president of Enron Creditors Recovery Corp." Seems important. Perhaps someone with an interest, understanding of the Enron debacle can weave Ray into the article.
Doug Grinbergs ( talk) 21:41, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
This is the
talk page for discussing improvements to the
Enron scandal article. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. |
Article policies
|
Find sources: Google ( books · news · scholar · free images · WP refs) · FENS · JSTOR · TWL |
Archives: 1 |
Enron scandal has been listed as one of the Social sciences and society good articles under the good article criteria. If you can improve it further, please do so. If it no longer meets these criteria, you can reassess it. | |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Facts from this article were featured on Wikipedia's Main Page in the " On this day..." column on December 2, 2011, December 2, 2014, December 2, 2016, December 2, 2019, December 2, 2021, and December 2, 2023. | |||||||||||||
Current status: Good article |
This article is rated GA-class on Wikipedia's
content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
Oil trader is now one of the richest people in the USA. He started a hedge fund with 'ill gotten' money from Enron. http://finance.yahoo.com/career-work/article/110948/youngest-billionaires-in-america;_ylt=AjDHSW6ZANtGQoWnekbPcIpO7sMF;_ylu=X3oDMTFhNGY5bjNkBHBvcwMzBHNlYwNwZXJzb25hbEZpbmFuY2UEc2xrA2FtZXJpY2FzeW91bg--?mod=career-leadership
-- Ericg33 ( talk) 10:33, 10 October 2010 (UTC)
After working on the article for the last week, I have nominated the article at Good article nominations. Before the article is reviewed, try and give the article a copyedit to further improve the article. Good work to all who have contributed to the article in the past. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 ( talk • contrib) 20:58, 11 August 2009 (UTC)
I have restored previous version the lead section [6] for the following reasons:
My view is that the lead should be sourced as much as possible. In my experience, articles that are not sourced tend to be magnets for original research, which in turn tends to be subject to "goldfish editing", by which I mean lots of editors make little nibbles at the text.-- Gavin Collins ( talk| contribs) 13:23, 12 August 2009 (UTC)
The lead definitely could be reworded, but as stated above, only a few of the statements actually need citations. Feel free to readd the prior lead and reword it as you see fit. It's good to take a look at each statement individually, and we want to ensure it is accurate. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 ( talk • contrib) 18:21, 13 August 2009 (UTC)
Hi, Nehrams. I'm going to review this article for GA. I can see at first glance over sources that you've done an admirable job at finding what there was to find about this issue. Primarily, I think I'll be concentrating here on prose and comprehension, as economic writing is very often filled with jargon and I noticed some parts where inherent insider understanding is necessary to get the concepts in the article. I'll be leaving my comments here over the next day or so. -- Moni3 ( talk) 14:39, 10 September 2009 (UTC)
Okeydoke. I apologize for not being able to get to this right away. I have found my time so interrupted that I hope you don't mind that I take this article in fits and starts, just to be able to do something. I tried to start it several times but got so sidetracked that I could not complete it in one sitting.
Lead: Repetition
The Enron scandal was a corporate scandal involving the American energy Enron Corporation based in Houston, Texas and the accounting, auditing, and consultancy firm Arthur Andersen, that was revealed in October 2001. The scandal eventually led to the bankruptcy of Enron, at that point, the largest in American history. Arthur Andersen, which at the time was one of the five largest accounting firms in the world, was dissolved.
The Enron scandal, revealed in October 2001, involved the Houston, Texas-based energy corporation Enron, and accounting, auditing, and consultancy firm Arthur Andersen. It eventually led to the bankruptcy of Enron, which was at the time the largest (energy company? corporation?) in American history, and the dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest accounting firms in the world.
Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, he instituted mark-to-market accounting and developed a staff of executives that would later bring the downfall of the company. Along with Chief Financial Officer Andrew Fastow and other executives, the company used accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting to hide billions in debt from failed deals and projects.
Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, he instituted mark-to-market accounting that used
accountingbookkeeping? loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting to hide billions in debt from failed deals and projects. These practices were assisted/approved/condoned by a staff of executives that would later bring the downfall of the company, including Chief Financial Officer Andrew Fastow.
The rise of Enron
Causes of downfall
JEDI and Chewco
Whitewing
LJM and Raptor
Corporate governance
Executive compensation
Risk management
Financial audit
Picking up in Financial audit
Audit committee
Other accounting issues and stock price focus
Timeline of downfall
Investors' confidence declines
Restructuring losses and SEC investigation
Liquidity concerns
Credit rating downgrade
Proposed buyout by Dynegy
Bankruptcy
Trials
Aftermath
I've read through some of your changes and comments. I'm going to read through the article again, directing specific attention on the issues I highlighted above.
Other thoughts: Should you contemplate taking this to FAC, I suggest going through it or asking Tony1 to do the same, to look for language that is too burdensome or that could be simplified. I commend you for taking on this article. I do not recall ever giving such a detailed review for GA, but there is a lot of technical information that should be easily accessible. It's quite impressive that you have been able to construct it as well as you have. I'll be in contact again soon. -- Moni3 ( talk) 14:42, 21 September 2009 (UTC)
Nehrams, I'm reading through the article again and have some suggestions that are easier for me to rearrange in a sandbox than explain in a GA review. They are primarily concerned with the logical flow of the presentation of facts, how one section joins to another, and basically the facilitation of information. I'd like to see the JEDI and Chewco section rewritten, as I know you worked on it but I just do not understand what it is trying to say. Let me know your thoughts. -- Moni3 ( talk) 17:46, 23 September 2009 (UTC)
Nehram I'd like to suggest a modification to the trials subsection for Arthur Andersen. The last line mentions how the name is too damaged to continue as a business. However, Andersen Tax has recently re-emerged as a rising force in the accounting field. Much of the tax practice at AA initially joined Accenture. However, Andersen Tax's parent company originally purchased a portion of AA's tax practice and is named after Andersen, so Andersen certainly has Arthur Andersen roots. I knew this information from my own experience as an accountant student and professional, as well as viewing the Andersen Tax wiki page. Hope this information helps with future edits! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rsavary1 ( talk • contribs) 16:11, 6 February 2019 (UTC)
I have reverted the recent changes for several reasons. The addition of the revenue recognition section, although beneficial to the article, cannot remain in its current state. The majority of the content is nearly verbatim from the source, and although the source is attributed, editors are required to either expand/further develop the text or put it in quotation marks indicating it is being quoted from a source. Since it doesn't appear feasible to add quotation marks around the entire section, it needs to be re-written. I've removed it from the article for now, but if it is re-written it would make a great addition to the article. The lead was also reverted as it can only remain at four paragraphs per WP:LEAD and since there was some duplication. Please see the above discussion for further explanation. Hopefully we can fix the section and readd it to the article, but at its current state, I have removed it. --Happy editing! Nehrams2020 ( talk • contrib) 00:41, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
- 1. One consequence of these events was the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002, as a result of the first admissions of fraudulent behavior made by Enron. The act significantly raises criminal penalties for securities fraud, for destroying, altering or fabricating records in federal investigations or any scheme or attempt to defraud shareholders. [1]
- 2. Energy merchants are firms that engage in wholesale trading and risk management and development of electric power plants but also natural gas pipelines, storage, and processing facilities. [2]
- 3.If a merchant takes the risks of buying and selling goods, it is allowed to report the entire selling price of the products as revenues and the cost of purchases as cost of goods sold. By contrast, an " agent" is someone who provides a service to the customer, but does not really take up the risks of buying and selling. Under the agent model, the service provider is allowed to report the trading fee, brokerage fee, etc. as revenue, but not the entire value of the transaction. [3]
- 4. Enron adopted an aggressive accounting interpretation of what constitutes revenues by adopting a so-called "merchant model" of revenues, whereby Enron reported the entire value of each trade on which it was a counterparty as its revenue, rather than reporting as revenues only its trading or brokerage fees. Traditional trading firms such as Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch use a more conservative "agent model" of revenue reporting, in which only the trading or brokerage fee would be reported as revenue. [4]
- 5. Enron’s use of distorted, hyper-inflated revenues was more important to it in creating the impression of innovation, high growth, and spectacular business performance than the masking of debt. In four short years from 1996 to 2000, its revenues had increased by more than 750 percent, rising from $13.3 billion in 1996 to $100.8 billion in 2000. From 1999 to 2000, Enron’s revenues increased 151% from $40.1 billion to $100.8 billion. This growth of over 65% per year is unprecedented in any industry let alone the staid energy industry that normally views even a two or three percent a year growth as a decent achievement. Enron reported pre-bankruptcy revenues of $138.7 billion for the first nine months of 2001, pushing it up to Number 6 on the Fortune Global 500, passing DaimlerChrysler, Royal Dutch/Shell, General Electric and Toyota and ChevronTexaco. As can be seen by the use of revenues as the basis for Fortune’s annual ranking of companies, annual revenues can he an important psychological measure that carries a lot of weight among investors and the public as an indicator of success and economic size. [5]
- 6. This practice of reporting inflated trading revenue was not limited to just Enron in the energy industry. Many other companies in the energy trading industry felt the need to meet the competitive pressure from Enron’s rapid ascendancy; and most of the main competitors of Enron adopted financial reporting methods that were identical to Enron’s. Soon, several energy companies with substantive trading operations moved into the elite top 50 of the Fortune 500 category induding Duke Energy; El Paso Corporation, Reliant Energy, and Dynegy Inc. [6]
- ^ Aiyesha Dey, and Thomas Z. Lys: "Trends in Earnings Management and Informativeness of Earnings Announcements in the Pre- and Post-Sarbanes Oxley Periods ( Kellogg School of Management, Evanston, Illinois, February, 2005) p.5
- ^ Foss, Michelle Michot,Enron and the Energy Market Revolution, University of Houston Law Center, September 2003, p. 1 [1]
- ^ Dharan, Bala G. and Bufkins, William R., Red Flags in Enron's Reporting of Revenues and Key Financial Measures, (Enron: Corporate Fiascos And Their Implications, Foundation Press, ISBN: 1587785781, 2004, p.101-103 [2]
- ^ Dharan, Bala G. and Bufkins, William R., Red Flags in Enron's Reporting of Revenues and Key Financial Measures, (Enron: Corporate Fiascos And Their Implications, Foundation Press, ISBN: 1587785781, 2004, p.101-103 [3]
- ^ Dharan, Bala G. and Bufkins, William R., Red Flags in Enron's Reporting of Revenues and Key Financial Measures, (Enron: Corporate Fiascos And Their Implications, Foundation Press, ISBN: 1587785781, 2004, p.97-100 [4]
- ^ Dharan, Bala G. and Bufkins, William R., Red Flags in Enron's Reporting of Revenues and Key Financial Measures, (Enron: Corporate Fiascos And Their Implications, Foundation Press, ISBN: 1587785781, 2004, p.105 [5]
I think you will find I have modified the text in most instances. However, where a sentence is short, or contains useful facts or significant coverage, I have left the original text for full effect. Whether this is plagarism or not, i am not qualified to venture an opinion. -- Gavin Collins ( talk| contribs) 00:42, 10 November 2009 (UTC)
Response to third opinion request (Is the recent text added amount to plagarism?): |
I am responding to a third opinion request for this page. I have made no previous edits on Enron scandal and have no known association with the editors involved in this discussion. The third opinion process is informal and I have no special powers or authority apart from being a fresh pair of eyes. |
The relevant guidance is WP:PLAG and possibly WP:COPYVIO. Dealing with COPYVIO first, there is no apparent copyright violation as there is no evidence that any significant amount of text has been copied directly from the sources. With regard to potential plagiarism, the text in question is sourced and attributed. Taking point 5 as an example source, I can see that more than a little phrasing has been borrowed (such as "hyper-inflated", more often used as a medical term but used in this financial context by the source) and some sentences taken unedited from the source. It should be noted that the statistics used would not be considered plagiarism and these form a significant amount of the text for this point. In conclusion I can see no evidence of systematic plagiarism however some sentences have been taken directly from the source and should be re-written or made into quotations to make the attribution obvious. Where terminology and phrasing has been borrowed from the sources care should be taken to comply with the guidance of WP:PLAG, however I would recommend this is achieved by consensus improvement and re-phrasing of the text rather than immediate removal or reversion of edits. It should be noted that I have not considered questions of layout, readability or duplication.— Ash ( talk) 11:47, 11 November 2009 (UTC) |
Many thanks to Ash for taking time out to respond. In response to the concerns raised by Nehrams2020, I feel that the addition of this content is supported by Wikipedia policy. Wikipedia:Non-free content criteria states that "Articles and other Wikipedia pages may, in accordance with the guideline, use brief verbatim textual excerpts from copyrighted media, properly attributed or cited to its original source or author". As a gesture of goodwill, I would be grateful if he could restore my edits in full, or at least agree to do so. Perhaps then we can go on to discuss his specific proposals to amend the text. -- Gavin Collins ( talk| contribs) 16:58, 11 November 2009 (UTC)
User:Gavin.collins has confirmed that due to a misunderstanding, much of the sourced text that he has added in to this article is a copyvio of the source he got it from. I don't have access to most of these sources - they are not online. Is there a possibility of anyone here rewriting Gavin's contributions to avoid copyvio. Otherwise I am going to have to delete all of his contributions, which would kind of wreck the article. -- Elen of the Roads ( talk) 16:10, 4 October 2010 (UTC)
I think the figure quoted in the 4th paragraph of 1 The Rise of Enron are incorrect. It states that the Enron stock rose by 311%! - but the next sentence seems to give a contrary effect. I wonder if a decimal point has got missed out somewhere. I have placed a citation needed note on this.
If you have better information, please correct this.
The complete sentence reads: Enron's stock increased from the start of the 1990s until year-end 1998 by 311%[citation needed], only modestly higher than the average rate of growth in the Standard & Poor 500 index.
Notthebestusername ( talk) 05:38, 25 October 2016 (UTC)
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I would have contacted you on your talk page but could not figure out who you are. I clicked on 2604:3d08:5681:2c00:d64:a5f:5674:abe9 but it did not go to a talk page. I'm trying to understand why your opinion is superior to mine. My comment to the first reversion was sincere. Your reply seemed to be intentionally provocative. I'm not a vandal and do not respond well to being called one. Wiki name ( talk) 15:34, 19 February 2020 (UTC)
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect EnWrong. The discussion will occur at Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 27#EnWrong until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 ( talk) 18:19, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
While I would never suggest that ownership is a good thing, I've noticed yet another instance where an article so large is fragmented with parts having no (remaining) connection to the other text, or history, or relevance.
Out of the blue there's a paragraph beginning:
And no identification of who or what is being talked about.
In a version of the article over 10 years ago, the text breathlessly included:
Looking around one can find mentions in other articles to Chewco and JEDI and such. So the person is real. And apparently contributed a lot to the debacle. But here, no explanation or, that is, no remaining explanation. Shenme ( talk) 03:27, 2 December 2021 (UTC)
After FTX collapse, Sam Bankman-Fried exit, new CEO bankruptcy expert lawyer John Ray is in the news. "John Ray III, was chairman and president of Enron Creditors Recovery Corp." Seems important. Perhaps someone with an interest, understanding of the Enron debacle can weave Ray into the article.
Doug Grinbergs ( talk) 21:41, 12 November 2022 (UTC)