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Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia. It causes a very high stroke risk. Its treatment depend on life habits, drugs, ablation or surgery. When drugs does not work, catheter ablation has been the most used because the high chance of solving the arrhythmia without surgery. Several techniques of AF-ablation have been developed like: pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), extense atrial line blocks, complex fractionated atrial electrograms ablation (CFEA), AF-Nest ablation (AFNA) and background tachycardia ablation (BTA). Obviously, to understand and manage these techniques, there is necessary to know the AF physiopathology. The PVI may isolate the triggers. The line blocks are efficient but may cause risk. The CFAE are fast and disorganized low voltage potentials observed during AF. On the other hand the AF-Nest (AFN) are very stable high frequency potentials observed during sinus rhythm, that may be treated even without arrhythmia. They are very easily found by spectral mapping. The elimination of the AFN brings out two benefits: 1. it increases the atrial electrical stability making the AF reinduction very difficult, and 2. it makes possible to find and see the BT (background tachycardia) that is a very fast and regular atrial tachycardia which is the real AF driver. By RF ablation of this tachycardia it is possible to increase the most the AF ablation long term success. ^{[1] [2]} Pachonmateos ( talk) 15:19, 2 February 2014 (UTC) reply