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I have put in, using two different phrasings, a direct quotation from a 2018 meta-analysis on this topic. Both times Zefr has reverted the change. The removed text is:
The study also states that "With regards to the type of hypnotics, zolpidem use showed the strongest risk of cancer"
Zefr's reason for reverting it was:
"Unnecessary and misleading; these were weak clinical studies -- don't overinterpret the results."
I disagree with this for several reasons. First, a meta-analysis's specific finding on zolpidem use and cancer is something I think is important to have on the zolpidem page's "adverse effects" page. I am not "interpreting" the study at all, I am quoting it.
Second, my edit itself cannot possibly be misleading. All I said is "the study also states" and then quoted the study.
Third, I likewise think Zefr's statement that the underlying studies are "weak" is OR and should not be the basis for an edit.
Fourth, as long as we are giving opinions of the underlying studies, I disagree with him that they are "weak." The authors of the meta-analysis, on page 212-215, address the quality of the underlying studies, grading them using the established Newcastle-Ottawa Scale procedure, and label four of the six studies to be "high quality studies." The remaining two included studies only fell 1 point short of high quality.
I invite Zefr, if he still disagrees with my edit, to address these points.
I also want to note my agreement with CanisLupisArctus above, who states:
"But more importantly I am a little bit disturbed, to say the least, that there is no discussion whatsoever about the real, perceived, or potential, carcinogeneticy of this compound. What is going on here? "
There appear to be quite a few other studies that conclude there is an association between zolpidem use and cancer. For instance, not included in the meta-analysis, but consistent with its results, is this article:
That article's conclusion:
After adjustments for gender, age, comorbidities, and other medications, patients using zolpidem had a 1.75 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–3) greater risk of cancer events than those not using zolpidem during the 3-year follow-up. Greater mean daily dose and longer use were associated with increased risk. Among patients with sleep disorder, mean daily dose >10 mg and length of drug use >2 months was associated with 3.74 times greater risk (95% CI, 1.42–9.83; P = 0.008) of incident cancer events. Conclusions: In this study, zolpidem use increased cancer events risk in sleep disorder patients. Risks and benefits of chronic zolpidem usage should be explained to sleep disorder patients, and long-term use should be monitored.
Declanscottp ( talk) 23:47, 17 August 2018 (UTC)
-
https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/doctors/barbara-phillips
Boghog has pointed out that data from both observational and randomised clinical trial data found evidence of a link to cancer. [1] I think the total number of patients studied is 1.8 million. I think we have to say something. Good counter points have been made that the research is not conclusive and otherwise has limitations and has not yet received more mainstream attention and publication in high impact journals. Surely the best solution is to summarise the evidence concisely but include the core limitations of the evidence/conclusions to avoid POV pushing or any misrepresentation. Thoughts?-- Literaturegeek | T@1k? 14:00, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
This discussion is about what to say about cancer. It grew directly out of the section higher in the page, Talk:Zolpidem#Direct_quotation_from_a_meta-analysis_about_Zolpidem_and_cancer_reverted,_I_disagree. Everyone else in this section, is talking about cancer. You stayed on point in your first comment there, although you started to stray at the end; your next comment was completely off topic from cancer, and just above you were completely derailed. PMID 27105645 (the Ryu meta-analysis) says nothing about cancer or mortality; it says that it appears that zolpidem roughly doubles the risk of fracture; generally "139 cases of fracture occur for every 100,000 person-years not receiving zolpidem, and if we assume a 1.92-fold increased risk of fracture due to zolpidem, as determined in this study, an additional 127 cases of fracture can be expected for every 100,000 recipients of these drugs annually (the 1-year number needed to harm = 747)." To address this point. Sure we can add that. To put that in similar proportions to the percentages in the adverse effects section, the percentage of people taking the drug who can expect to have this sequella of impaired coordination is 3%. ((139+127)/100,000). Jytdog ( talk) 01:25, 21 August 2018 (UTC)
If you want to talk about side effects generally, please open a new section on that, so we can focus on that. Jytdog ( talk) 01:26, 21 August 2018 (UTC)
Zolpidem
The risks of hypnotics, including benzodiazepine receptor agonists such as zolpidem, in elderly adults are well known, and the Beers criteria recommendation on this class of agents was strengthened in 2015 to recommend avoiding them even for short-term use. These agents increase the risk of delirium, falls, fractures, and motor vehicle crashes and have only a minimal effect on sleep latency and duration.1 New studies have raised concern about risks of dementia and mortality in individuals taking zolpidem, but the evidence is not conclusive. There is relatively strong evidence from multiple studies over the past 30 years suggesting excess mortality with hypnotics, but most of these studies included benzodiazepine receptor agonists and benzodiazepines. 31 Two recent retrospective cohort studies examined the association between benzodiazepine receptor antagonists and mortality, with conflicting results; one study showed greater risk of mortality, and the other showed a potentially dose-responsive protective effect.32,33 A retrospective case–control study of older adults in Taiwan found an association between zolpidem use and two ICD-9 codes for dementia (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.24–1.41), but the association between zolpidem use and neurologist diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease only held for doses between 170 and 819 mg/yr and not for higher or lower doses.34 The authors do not consider the potential association between zolpidem and dementia to be relevant to clinical decision-making. Nevertheless, given strong evidence of harm, benzodiazepine receptor agonists and benzodiazepines should be avoided in elderly adults. No pharmacological agents are recommended for treatment of insomnia in elderly adults; nonpharmacological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy are recommended instead.35
1) Sun, Y., Lin, C. C., Lu, C. J., Hsu, C. Y., and Kao, C. H. Association Between Zolpidem and Suicide: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(3):308-315.
2) Lan, T. Y., Zeng, Y. F., Tang, G. J., Kao, H. C., Chiu, H. J., Lan, T. H., and Ho, H. F. The use of hypnotics and mortality - A population-based retrospective cohort study. PLoS One. 10(12), e0145271. 2015.
3) Palmaro A, Dupouy J, Lapeyre-Mestre M. Benzodiazepines and risk of death: Results from two large cohort studies in France and UK. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015;25(10), 1566-1577.
4) Chung, W. S., Lai, C. Y., Lin, C. L., and Kao, C. H. Adverse respiratory events associated with hypnotics use in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A population-based case-control Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 94(27), e1110. 2015.
5) Kriegbaum, M., Hendriksen, C. Vass, M., Mortensen, E. L., Osler, M. Hypnotics and mortality—partial confounding by disease, substance abuse and socioeconomic factors? Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015;24(7):779-783.
6) Pinot J, Herr M, Robine JM, Aegerter P, Arvieu JJ, Ankri J. Does the Prescription of Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs Increase Mortality in Older Adults? J Am Geriatr Soc 2015;63(6):1263-5.
7) Weisberg DF, Gordon KS, Barry DT, Becker WC, Crystal S, Edelman EJ, Gaither J, Gordon AJ, Goulet J, Kerns RD, Moore BA, Tate J, Justice AC, Fiellin DA. Long-term Prescription of Opioids and/or Benzodiazepines and Mortality Among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015;69(2):223-33.
8) Nakafero G, Sanders RD, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Myles PR. Association between benzodiazepine use and exacerbations and mortality in patients with asthma: a matched case-control and survival analysis using the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015;24(8):793-802.
9) Neutel CI, Johansen HL. Association between hypnotics use and increased mortality: causation or confounding? Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015;71(5):637-42.
10) Frandsen R, Baandrup L, Kjellberg J, Ibsen R, Jennum P. Increased all-cause mortality with psychotropic medication in Parkinson’s disease and controls: a national register-based study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014;20(11):1124-8.
11) Weich S, Pearce HL, Croft P, Singh S, Crome I, Bashford J, Frisher M. Effect of anxiolytic and hypnotic drug prescriptions on mortality hazards: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2014;348:g1996.
12) Chen H-C, Su T-P, Chou P. A 9-year Follow-up Study of Sleep Patterns and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Taiwan. Sleep 2013;36(8):1187-98.
13) Gunnell D, Chang SS, Tsai MK, Tsao CK, Wen CP. Sleep and suicide: an analysis of a cohort of 394,000 Taiwanese adults. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013 Apr 2;48:1457-65.
14) Jaussent I, Ancelin ML, Berr C, Peres K, Scali J, Besset A, Ritchie K, Dauvilliers Y. Hypnotics and mortality in an elderly general population: a 12-year prospective study. BMC Med 2013;11(1):212.
15) Obiora E, Hubbard R, Sanders RD, Myles PR. The impact of benzodiazepines on occurrence of pneumonia and mortality from pneumonia: a nested case-control and survival analysis in a population-based cohort. Thorax 2012;68(2):163-70.
16) Hartz A, Ross JJ. Cohort study of the association of hypnotic use with mortality in postmenopausal women. BMJ Open 2012;2:pii: e001413. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001413.
17) Kripke DF, Langer RD, Kline LE. Hypnotics’ association with mortality or cancer: a matched cohort study. BMJ Open 2012;2(1):e000850.
18) Gisev N, Hartikainen S, Chen TF, Korhonen M, Bell JS. Mortality associated with benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs among community-dwelling older people in Finland: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Can J Psychiatry 2011;56(6):377-81.
19) Rod NH, Vahtera J, Westerlund H, Kivimaki M, Zins M, Goldberg M, Lange T. Sleep Disturbances and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From the GAZEL Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2010;173(3):300-9.
20) Belleville G. Mortality hazard associated with anxiolytic and hypnotic drug use in the national population health survey. Can J Psychiatry 2010;55(9):558-67.
21) Mallon L, Broman JE, Hetta J. Is usage of hypnotics associated with mortality? Sleep Med 2009;10(3):279-86.
22) Winkelmayer WC, Mehta J, Wang PS. Benzodiazepine use and mortality of incident dialysis patients in the United States. Kidney Int 2007;72(11):1388-93.
23) Hublin C, Partinen M, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J. Sleep and mortality: a population-based 22-year follow-up study. Sleep 2007;30(10):1245-53.
24) Hoffmann VP, Dossenbach M, West TM, Lowry AJ. Mortality in a cohort of outpatients with schizophrenia: 3-year outcomes from the Intercontinental Outpatient Health Outcomes Study (IC-SOHO). Biol Psychiatry 61(8S):163S-164S. Accessed 2007.
25) Hausken AM, Skurtveit S, Tverdal A. Use of anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs and total mortality in a general middle-aged population. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007;16(8):913-8.
26) Fukuhara S, Green J, Albert J, Mihara H, Pisoni R, Yamazaki S, Akiba T, Akizawa T, Asano Y, Saito A, Port F, Held P, Kurokawa K. Symptoms of depression, prescription of benzodiazepines, and the risk of death in hemodialysis patients in Japan. Kidney Int 2006;70(10):1866-72.
27) Lack LC, Prior K, Luszcz M. 708. Does insomnia kill the elderly? Sleep 29[Abstract Supplement], A240. Accessed 2006.
28) Phillips B, Mannino DM. Does insomnia kill? Sleep 2005;28(8):965-71.
29) Ahmad R, Bath PA. Identification of risk factors for 15-year mortality among community-dwelling older people using Cox regression and a genetic algorithm. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005;60A:1052-8.
30) Mallon L, Broman J-E, Hetta J. Sleep complaints predict coronary artery disease mortality in males: a 12-year follow-up study of a middle-aged Swedish population. J Int Med 2002;251:207-16.
31) Hedner J, Caidahl K, Sjoland H, Karlsson T, Herlitz J. Sleep habits and their association with mortality during 5-year follow-up after coronary artery bypass surgery. Acta Cardiol 2002;57(5):341-8.
32) Kripke DF, Garfinkel L, Wingard DL, Klauber MR, Marler MR. Mortality associated with sleep duration and insomnia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59(2):131-6.
33) Kripke DF, Klauber MR, Wingard DL, Fell RL, Assmus JD, Garfinkel L. Mortality hazard associated with prescription hypnotics. Biol Psychiatry 1998;43(9):687-93.
34) Merlo J, Ostergren PO, Mansson NO, Hanson BS, Ranstam J, Blennow G, Isacsson SO, Melander A. Mortality in elderly men with low psychosocial coping resources using anxiolytic-hypnotic drugs. Scand J Public Health 2000;28(4):294-7.
35) Sundquist J, Ekedahl A, Johansson S-E. Sales of tranquillizers, hypnotics/sedatives and antidepressants and their relationship with underprivileged area score and mortality and suicide rates. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1996;51:105-9.
36) Hays JC, Blazer DG, Foley DJ. Risk of napping: excessive daytime sleepiness and mortality in an older community population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44:693-8.
37) Merlo J, Hedblad B, Ogren M, Ranstam J, Ostergren PO, Ekedahl A, Hanson BS, Isacsson SO, Liedholm H, Melander A. Increased risk of ischaemic heart disease mortality in elderly men using anxiolytics-hypnotics and analgesics. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1996;49:261-5.
38) Brabbins CJ, Dewey ME, Copeland RM, Davidson IA, McWilliam C, Saunders P, Sharma VK, Sullivan C. Insomnia in the elderly: Prevalence, gender differences and relationships with morbidity and mortality. Int J Ger Psych 1993;8:473-80.
39) Thorogood M, Cowen P, Mann J, Murphy M, Vessey M. Fatal myocardial infarction and use of psychotropic drugs in young women. Lancet 1992;340:1067-8.
40) Isacson D, Carsjo K, Bergman U, Blackburn JL. Long-term use of benzodiazepines in a Swedish community: an eight-year follow-up. J Clin Epidemiol 1992 Apr;45(4):429-36.
41) Rumble R, Morgan K. Hypnotics, sleep, and mortality in elderly people. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992;40:787-91.
42) Kripke DF, Simons RN, Garfinkel L, Hammond EC. Short and long sleep and sleeping pills: Is increased mortality associated? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36(1):103-16. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Declanscottp ( talk • contribs) 19:40, 28 August 2018 (UTC)
Yes, this subject matter has received substantial research attention with the large majority of the studies finding benzodiazepines and Z-drugs cause increased mortality. Therefore, we definitely need to summarise a review and include it. We do not as of yet have consensus to include it in the adverse effects section, unless jytdog has reconsidered. What we could find consensus for, perhaps, is adding text summarised from a secondary source and adding it to the research section with a downward link or no downward link. I favour inclusion of a downward link. Jytdog?-- Literaturegeek | T@1k? 00:52, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
that is not what i meant, but thanks for the disclosure. i just meant intellectually interested. (fwiw a friend of mine -- a therapist with a PhD - started having emotional trouble and had trouble sleeping as part of that, and her $#@ psychiatrist gave her ambien for a long time, increasing the dose to the max, and now she is all addicted (even drug seeking behavior) and in worse shape. grrr)
I wonder if we should have something about Kripke's public advocacy in the society and culture section. I was looking for sources and found this and this. Wow. Am looking for high quality plain old RS about this. In a brief section on that, we could perhaps mention his claims. Need to think about that... Jytdog ( talk) 02:38, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
This?
Daniel F. Kripke, a sleep doctor at University of California San Diego, began studying adverse effects of sleeping pills in 1975, and included zolpidem in those studies after it entered the market. [1] He became known as somewhat of an alarmist with regard to the risks of hypnotics by 2004, and ran a website called "The Dark Side of Sleeping Pills". [2] By 2012 he had become an emiritus professor at UCSD and had published 18 studies, specifically focused on the risks of death. By that time, doctors were prescribing the pills more carefully but his advocacy had not gained wide acceptance. [1]
References
-- something like that? That was quickly done and is walking a fine line there with BLP and MEDRS and all... I will look for yet more and better sources. Jytdog ( talk) 03:03, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
In 2018, comedian Roseanne Barr faced controversy for tweets that were criticized as being racist. Barr defended her actions by saying that she had made her statement under the influence of Zolpidem. Zolpidem responded by claiming that racism is not a known side effect of this medication. Is this claim notable enough to be included in this article, and if so, is it a medical claim that requires further research? To my knowledge, there is not a clinical study disproving a link between Zolpidem and racism. The FDA approved label of Zolpidem states that patients may suffer "impaired inhibition" (page 3). -- Xwedodah ( talk) 04:32, 9 November 2021 (UTC)
Ideal sources for Wikipedia's health content are defined in the guideline
Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine) and are typically
review articles. Here are links to possibly useful sources of information about Zolpidem.
|
This is the
talk page for discussing improvements to the
Zolpidem article. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. |
Article policies
|
Find medical sources: Source guidelines · PubMed · Cochrane · DOAJ · Gale · OpenMD · ScienceDirect · Springer · Trip · Wiley · TWL |
Archives: 1, 2Auto-archiving period: 60 days |
This article is rated C-class on Wikipedia's
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I have put in, using two different phrasings, a direct quotation from a 2018 meta-analysis on this topic. Both times Zefr has reverted the change. The removed text is:
The study also states that "With regards to the type of hypnotics, zolpidem use showed the strongest risk of cancer"
Zefr's reason for reverting it was:
"Unnecessary and misleading; these were weak clinical studies -- don't overinterpret the results."
I disagree with this for several reasons. First, a meta-analysis's specific finding on zolpidem use and cancer is something I think is important to have on the zolpidem page's "adverse effects" page. I am not "interpreting" the study at all, I am quoting it.
Second, my edit itself cannot possibly be misleading. All I said is "the study also states" and then quoted the study.
Third, I likewise think Zefr's statement that the underlying studies are "weak" is OR and should not be the basis for an edit.
Fourth, as long as we are giving opinions of the underlying studies, I disagree with him that they are "weak." The authors of the meta-analysis, on page 212-215, address the quality of the underlying studies, grading them using the established Newcastle-Ottawa Scale procedure, and label four of the six studies to be "high quality studies." The remaining two included studies only fell 1 point short of high quality.
I invite Zefr, if he still disagrees with my edit, to address these points.
I also want to note my agreement with CanisLupisArctus above, who states:
"But more importantly I am a little bit disturbed, to say the least, that there is no discussion whatsoever about the real, perceived, or potential, carcinogeneticy of this compound. What is going on here? "
There appear to be quite a few other studies that conclude there is an association between zolpidem use and cancer. For instance, not included in the meta-analysis, but consistent with its results, is this article:
That article's conclusion:
After adjustments for gender, age, comorbidities, and other medications, patients using zolpidem had a 1.75 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–3) greater risk of cancer events than those not using zolpidem during the 3-year follow-up. Greater mean daily dose and longer use were associated with increased risk. Among patients with sleep disorder, mean daily dose >10 mg and length of drug use >2 months was associated with 3.74 times greater risk (95% CI, 1.42–9.83; P = 0.008) of incident cancer events. Conclusions: In this study, zolpidem use increased cancer events risk in sleep disorder patients. Risks and benefits of chronic zolpidem usage should be explained to sleep disorder patients, and long-term use should be monitored.
Declanscottp ( talk) 23:47, 17 August 2018 (UTC)
-
https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/doctors/barbara-phillips
Boghog has pointed out that data from both observational and randomised clinical trial data found evidence of a link to cancer. [1] I think the total number of patients studied is 1.8 million. I think we have to say something. Good counter points have been made that the research is not conclusive and otherwise has limitations and has not yet received more mainstream attention and publication in high impact journals. Surely the best solution is to summarise the evidence concisely but include the core limitations of the evidence/conclusions to avoid POV pushing or any misrepresentation. Thoughts?-- Literaturegeek | T@1k? 14:00, 19 August 2018 (UTC)
This discussion is about what to say about cancer. It grew directly out of the section higher in the page, Talk:Zolpidem#Direct_quotation_from_a_meta-analysis_about_Zolpidem_and_cancer_reverted,_I_disagree. Everyone else in this section, is talking about cancer. You stayed on point in your first comment there, although you started to stray at the end; your next comment was completely off topic from cancer, and just above you were completely derailed. PMID 27105645 (the Ryu meta-analysis) says nothing about cancer or mortality; it says that it appears that zolpidem roughly doubles the risk of fracture; generally "139 cases of fracture occur for every 100,000 person-years not receiving zolpidem, and if we assume a 1.92-fold increased risk of fracture due to zolpidem, as determined in this study, an additional 127 cases of fracture can be expected for every 100,000 recipients of these drugs annually (the 1-year number needed to harm = 747)." To address this point. Sure we can add that. To put that in similar proportions to the percentages in the adverse effects section, the percentage of people taking the drug who can expect to have this sequella of impaired coordination is 3%. ((139+127)/100,000). Jytdog ( talk) 01:25, 21 August 2018 (UTC)
If you want to talk about side effects generally, please open a new section on that, so we can focus on that. Jytdog ( talk) 01:26, 21 August 2018 (UTC)
Zolpidem
The risks of hypnotics, including benzodiazepine receptor agonists such as zolpidem, in elderly adults are well known, and the Beers criteria recommendation on this class of agents was strengthened in 2015 to recommend avoiding them even for short-term use. These agents increase the risk of delirium, falls, fractures, and motor vehicle crashes and have only a minimal effect on sleep latency and duration.1 New studies have raised concern about risks of dementia and mortality in individuals taking zolpidem, but the evidence is not conclusive. There is relatively strong evidence from multiple studies over the past 30 years suggesting excess mortality with hypnotics, but most of these studies included benzodiazepine receptor agonists and benzodiazepines. 31 Two recent retrospective cohort studies examined the association between benzodiazepine receptor antagonists and mortality, with conflicting results; one study showed greater risk of mortality, and the other showed a potentially dose-responsive protective effect.32,33 A retrospective case–control study of older adults in Taiwan found an association between zolpidem use and two ICD-9 codes for dementia (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.24–1.41), but the association between zolpidem use and neurologist diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease only held for doses between 170 and 819 mg/yr and not for higher or lower doses.34 The authors do not consider the potential association between zolpidem and dementia to be relevant to clinical decision-making. Nevertheless, given strong evidence of harm, benzodiazepine receptor agonists and benzodiazepines should be avoided in elderly adults. No pharmacological agents are recommended for treatment of insomnia in elderly adults; nonpharmacological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy are recommended instead.35
1) Sun, Y., Lin, C. C., Lu, C. J., Hsu, C. Y., and Kao, C. H. Association Between Zolpidem and Suicide: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(3):308-315.
2) Lan, T. Y., Zeng, Y. F., Tang, G. J., Kao, H. C., Chiu, H. J., Lan, T. H., and Ho, H. F. The use of hypnotics and mortality - A population-based retrospective cohort study. PLoS One. 10(12), e0145271. 2015.
3) Palmaro A, Dupouy J, Lapeyre-Mestre M. Benzodiazepines and risk of death: Results from two large cohort studies in France and UK. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015;25(10), 1566-1577.
4) Chung, W. S., Lai, C. Y., Lin, C. L., and Kao, C. H. Adverse respiratory events associated with hypnotics use in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A population-based case-control Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 94(27), e1110. 2015.
5) Kriegbaum, M., Hendriksen, C. Vass, M., Mortensen, E. L., Osler, M. Hypnotics and mortality—partial confounding by disease, substance abuse and socioeconomic factors? Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015;24(7):779-783.
6) Pinot J, Herr M, Robine JM, Aegerter P, Arvieu JJ, Ankri J. Does the Prescription of Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs Increase Mortality in Older Adults? J Am Geriatr Soc 2015;63(6):1263-5.
7) Weisberg DF, Gordon KS, Barry DT, Becker WC, Crystal S, Edelman EJ, Gaither J, Gordon AJ, Goulet J, Kerns RD, Moore BA, Tate J, Justice AC, Fiellin DA. Long-term Prescription of Opioids and/or Benzodiazepines and Mortality Among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015;69(2):223-33.
8) Nakafero G, Sanders RD, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Myles PR. Association between benzodiazepine use and exacerbations and mortality in patients with asthma: a matched case-control and survival analysis using the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015;24(8):793-802.
9) Neutel CI, Johansen HL. Association between hypnotics use and increased mortality: causation or confounding? Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015;71(5):637-42.
10) Frandsen R, Baandrup L, Kjellberg J, Ibsen R, Jennum P. Increased all-cause mortality with psychotropic medication in Parkinson’s disease and controls: a national register-based study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014;20(11):1124-8.
11) Weich S, Pearce HL, Croft P, Singh S, Crome I, Bashford J, Frisher M. Effect of anxiolytic and hypnotic drug prescriptions on mortality hazards: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2014;348:g1996.
12) Chen H-C, Su T-P, Chou P. A 9-year Follow-up Study of Sleep Patterns and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Taiwan. Sleep 2013;36(8):1187-98.
13) Gunnell D, Chang SS, Tsai MK, Tsao CK, Wen CP. Sleep and suicide: an analysis of a cohort of 394,000 Taiwanese adults. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013 Apr 2;48:1457-65.
14) Jaussent I, Ancelin ML, Berr C, Peres K, Scali J, Besset A, Ritchie K, Dauvilliers Y. Hypnotics and mortality in an elderly general population: a 12-year prospective study. BMC Med 2013;11(1):212.
15) Obiora E, Hubbard R, Sanders RD, Myles PR. The impact of benzodiazepines on occurrence of pneumonia and mortality from pneumonia: a nested case-control and survival analysis in a population-based cohort. Thorax 2012;68(2):163-70.
16) Hartz A, Ross JJ. Cohort study of the association of hypnotic use with mortality in postmenopausal women. BMJ Open 2012;2:pii: e001413. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001413.
17) Kripke DF, Langer RD, Kline LE. Hypnotics’ association with mortality or cancer: a matched cohort study. BMJ Open 2012;2(1):e000850.
18) Gisev N, Hartikainen S, Chen TF, Korhonen M, Bell JS. Mortality associated with benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs among community-dwelling older people in Finland: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Can J Psychiatry 2011;56(6):377-81.
19) Rod NH, Vahtera J, Westerlund H, Kivimaki M, Zins M, Goldberg M, Lange T. Sleep Disturbances and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From the GAZEL Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2010;173(3):300-9.
20) Belleville G. Mortality hazard associated with anxiolytic and hypnotic drug use in the national population health survey. Can J Psychiatry 2010;55(9):558-67.
21) Mallon L, Broman JE, Hetta J. Is usage of hypnotics associated with mortality? Sleep Med 2009;10(3):279-86.
22) Winkelmayer WC, Mehta J, Wang PS. Benzodiazepine use and mortality of incident dialysis patients in the United States. Kidney Int 2007;72(11):1388-93.
23) Hublin C, Partinen M, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J. Sleep and mortality: a population-based 22-year follow-up study. Sleep 2007;30(10):1245-53.
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42) Kripke DF, Simons RN, Garfinkel L, Hammond EC. Short and long sleep and sleeping pills: Is increased mortality associated? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36(1):103-16. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Declanscottp ( talk • contribs) 19:40, 28 August 2018 (UTC)
Yes, this subject matter has received substantial research attention with the large majority of the studies finding benzodiazepines and Z-drugs cause increased mortality. Therefore, we definitely need to summarise a review and include it. We do not as of yet have consensus to include it in the adverse effects section, unless jytdog has reconsidered. What we could find consensus for, perhaps, is adding text summarised from a secondary source and adding it to the research section with a downward link or no downward link. I favour inclusion of a downward link. Jytdog?-- Literaturegeek | T@1k? 00:52, 29 August 2018 (UTC)
that is not what i meant, but thanks for the disclosure. i just meant intellectually interested. (fwiw a friend of mine -- a therapist with a PhD - started having emotional trouble and had trouble sleeping as part of that, and her $#@ psychiatrist gave her ambien for a long time, increasing the dose to the max, and now she is all addicted (even drug seeking behavior) and in worse shape. grrr)
I wonder if we should have something about Kripke's public advocacy in the society and culture section. I was looking for sources and found this and this. Wow. Am looking for high quality plain old RS about this. In a brief section on that, we could perhaps mention his claims. Need to think about that... Jytdog ( talk) 02:38, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
This?
Daniel F. Kripke, a sleep doctor at University of California San Diego, began studying adverse effects of sleeping pills in 1975, and included zolpidem in those studies after it entered the market. [1] He became known as somewhat of an alarmist with regard to the risks of hypnotics by 2004, and ran a website called "The Dark Side of Sleeping Pills". [2] By 2012 he had become an emiritus professor at UCSD and had published 18 studies, specifically focused on the risks of death. By that time, doctors were prescribing the pills more carefully but his advocacy had not gained wide acceptance. [1]
References
-- something like that? That was quickly done and is walking a fine line there with BLP and MEDRS and all... I will look for yet more and better sources. Jytdog ( talk) 03:03, 31 August 2018 (UTC)
In 2018, comedian Roseanne Barr faced controversy for tweets that were criticized as being racist. Barr defended her actions by saying that she had made her statement under the influence of Zolpidem. Zolpidem responded by claiming that racism is not a known side effect of this medication. Is this claim notable enough to be included in this article, and if so, is it a medical claim that requires further research? To my knowledge, there is not a clinical study disproving a link between Zolpidem and racism. The FDA approved label of Zolpidem states that patients may suffer "impaired inhibition" (page 3). -- Xwedodah ( talk) 04:32, 9 November 2021 (UTC)