This page is only for listing definitions of trans woman, transgender woman, and transsexual woman in reliable sources. All other definitions, or analyses by Wikipedia editors, belong elsewhere and will be removed if added.
The numbering within each section may be highly unstable. When discussing sources, prefer to reference them by name, or by copying the citation.
Academic publications
"is a woman..."
Academic sources which take the form "a trans woman is a woman who..." or "trans women are women who...".
"...a trans woman is a woman who was assigned the sex male at birth" (Cit: 57)
"With this definition in mind, a transgender woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth and who lives as a woman regardless of the intelligibility (or lack thereof) of their identity to cisgender individuals." (Cit: 1)
Brown, Haley Marie (September 21, 2021). "The forgotten murders: Gendercide in the twenty-first century and the destruction of the transgender body". In Cox, John; Khoury, Amal; Minslow, Sarah (eds.).
Denial: The Final Stage of Genocide. Routledge.
doi:
10.4324/9781003010708-11.
"...a woman who was assigned a male anatomical sex at birth..." (Cit: 129)
"transgender woman (ie, a woman who was assigned male at birth)" (Cit: 118)
Riggs, Damien W., Gavriel Y. Ansara, and Gareth J. Treharne. "An evidence‐based model for understanding the mental health experiences of transgender Australians." Australian Psychologist 50.1 (2015): 32-39.
"A trans women is a woman who was assigned male at birth" (Cit: 1)
"For example, a woman who was assigned female at birth is a cisgender woman, while a woman assigned male at birth is a transgender woman." (Cit: 10)
Sanders, Nathan, Pocholo Umbal, and Lex Konnelly. "Methods for increasing equity, diversity, and inclusion in linguistics pedagogy." Proceedings of the 2020 Meeting of the Canadian Linguistics Association. 2020.
"Broadly speaking, a trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth." (Cit: 15)
"A transgender woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth..." (Cit: 0)
Weppler, Brianna. "There’s No “Gender” in Team: Developing State Policies for the Inclusion of the Transgender Interscholastic Athlete." Touro Law Review 38.1 (2022).
"A trans woman, for example, is a woman who was assigned male at birth." (Cit: 9)
Ashley, Florence. "Surgical informed consent and recognizing a perioperative duty to disclose in transgender health care." McGill JL & Health 13 (2019): 73.
"A trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth." (Cit: 4)
Blincoe, Emily. "Sex markers on birth certificates: Replacing the medical model with self-identification." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 46.1 (2015): 57-83.
"For example, a transgender woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth..." (Cit: 106)
Medicine, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and; Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and; Population, Committee on; Populations, Committee on Understanding the Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Diverse (January 23, 2021).
Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations. National Academies Press.
ISBN978-0-309-68081-3 – via Google Books.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
"...trans woman means 'woman assigned to the male sex at birth.'" (Cit: 82)
Bettcher, Talia Mae (2013). "Trans women and the meaning of 'woman'". In Soble, Alan (ed.).
The Philosophy of Sex: Contemporary Readings. Rowman & Littlefield – via PhilPapers.
"transgender woman (transfeminine, woman assigned male at birth)" (Cit: 1)
Nuyen, Brian, et al. "The health burden of transfeminine facial gender dysphoria: an analysis of public perception." Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine 23.5 (2021): 350-356.
"trans women are women who were assigned male at birth"
Rashid, Abdul; Afiqah, Siti Nur; Iguchi, Yufu (June 1, 2022). "Use of Hormones Among Trans Women in the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Mixed Methods Study". Transgender Health. 7 (3). Mary Ann Liebert Inc: 242–249.
doi:
10.1089/trgh.2020.0119.
ISSN2688-4887.
"Broadly speaking, a trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth."
Sauerland, William (2022). Queering vocal pedagogy : a handbook for teaching trans and genderqueer singers and fostering gender-affirming spaces. Lanham.
ISBN978-1-5381-6666-6.
OCLC1290430966.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Transgender, or trans, means your gender identity does not align with the sex you were assigned at birth; for example, a trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth"
Newton, David E. (2019). Gender inequality : a reference handbook. Santa Barbara, California. p. 147.
ISBN978-1-4408-7286-0.
OCLC1101568194.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"trans women are women who were designated male at birth and identify as women"
"I maintain that trans women are ontologically real women and in discussing this claim I weigh up whether trans women should be allowed to stand for, or represent, women in the political fight for women’s rights."
Academic sources which take the form "a trans woman is X" or "trans women are X", where X is a gender-neutral noun like "person", "individual", "someone", "adult", etc.
"A term to describe a person who was identified male at birth but who identifies and portrays her gender as female" (Cit: 37)
"A person assigned male at birth who identifies as a woman or in similar terms (eg, as a “trans woman” or “woman of transgender experience”)." (Cit: 784)
"A person with a female gender identity and male assigned sex would be referred to as a 'transgender girl/woman,' 'transfemale,' or MTF (male to female)"(Cit: 41)
"Transgender woman (also: trans woman, male-to female, transgender female): This refers to individuals assigned male at birth but who identify and live as women." (Cit: 1397)
"Under this umbrella, a trans woman is a person who identifies as a woman and was assigned male at birth, while a trans man is a person who identifies as a man and was assigned female at birth." (Cit: 1)
"trans women (people categorized as male at birth who later come to identify as women)" (Cit: 202)
Jenkins, Katharine (January 1, 2016). "Amelioration and Inclusion: Gender Identity and the Concept of Woman". Ethics. 126 (2): 394–421.
doi:
10.1086/683535.
"trans women (individuals assigned male at birth who identify and present as women)"
Aylward, Erin (2020). "Intergovernmental Organizations and Nongovernmental Organizations: The Development of an International Approach to LGBT Issues". In Michael J. Bosia; Sandra M. McEvoy; Momin Rahman (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Global LGBT and Sexual Diversity Politics. Oxford University Press.
doi:
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673741.013.10.
ISBN9780190673772.
"Trans women are people who are transitioning (or who have transitioned) from a masculine to a feminine subjectivity, who conceive of themselves as feminine subjects, and who call themselves trans women as a political statement."
Pérez-Bustos, Tania (2014). "Of Caring Practices in the Public Communication of Science: Seeing through Trans Women Scientists' Experiences". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 39 (4). University of Chicago Press: 857–866.
doi:
10.1086/675540.
ISSN0097-9740.
"Trans women are individuals who were assigned male at birth, but now identify as women. "
Ussher, Jane M.; Hawkey, Alexandra; Perz, Janette; Liamputtong, Pranee; Sekar, Jessica; Marjadi, Brahmaputra; Schmied, Virginia; Dune, Tinashe; Brook, Eloise (August 12, 2020). "Crossing Boundaries and Fetishization: Experiences of Sexual Violence for Trans Women of Color". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 37 (5–6). SAGE Publications: NP3552–NP3584.
doi:
10.1177/0886260520949149.
ISSN0886-2605.
"Transgender females are people assigned male at birth, but who self-identify as female."
T’Sjoen, Guy; Arcelus, Jon; Gooren, Louis; Klink, Daniel T; Tangpricha, Vin (October 10, 2018). "Endocrinology of Transgender Medicine". Endocrine Reviews. 40 (1). The Endocrine Society: 97–117.
doi:
10.1210/er.2018-00011.
ISSN0163-769X.
"Trans women are people who were assigned a male sex at birth and identify and live as women"
White, Charles R.; Jenkins, Dusty D. (January 2, 2017). "College students' acceptance of trans women and trans men in gendered spaces: The role of physical appearance". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services. 29 (1). Informa UK Limited: 41–67.
doi:
10.1080/10538720.2016.1261749.
ISSN1053-8720.
"Trans women are individuals who were assigned male sex at birth and currently identify as women"
Wesson, Paul; Vittinghoff, Eric; Turner, Caitlin; Arayasirikul, Sean; McFarland, Willi; Wilson, Erin (2021). "Intercategorical and Intracategorical Experiences of Discrimination and HIV Prevalence Among Transgender Women in San Francisco, CA: A Quantitative Intersectionality Analysis". American Journal of Public Health. 111 (3). American Public Health Association: 446–456.
doi:
10.2105/ajph.2020.306055.
ISSN0090-0036.
"Transgender women or trans women are individuals who were assigned male at birth but who have gender identities as women."
"Trans women are people who were identified at birth as male and were raised as boys, but the disjunction between their assigned sex and their identity lead them to decide to transition to live as women. "
Renzetti, Claire M.; Campe, Margaret (November 27, 2020), Feminist Praxis and Gender Violence, Wiley,
doi:
10.1002/9781119314967.ch23
"Trans women are individuals who were assigned male at birth but who identify as women"
* Vanaman, Matthew E.; A. Chapman, Hanah (2020). "Disgust and disgust-driven moral concerns predict support for restrictions on transgender bathroom access". Politics and the Life Sciences. 39 (2). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 200–214.
doi:
10.1017/pls.2020.20.
ISSN0730-9384.
"Trans women are people who were assigned a male sex at birth, but identify as female. "
* Erickson-Schroth, Laura (2015). "Psychological and Biological Influences on Gender Roles". Neuroscience in the 21st Century. New York, NY: Springer New York.
doi:
10.1007/978-1-4614-6434-1_159-1.
ISBN978-1-4614-6434-1.
"Transgender women are individuals who were assigned the male gender at birth and later come to identify and live as a woman or transgender female."
Koken, Juline A.; Bimbi, David S.; Parsons, Jeffrey T. (2009). "Experiences of familial acceptance–rejection among transwomen of color". Journal of Family Psychology. 23 (6). American Psychological Association (APA): 853–860.
doi:
10.1037/a0017198.
ISSN1939-1293.
"trans woman / A person usually assigned male at birth who has taken social, medical, or surgical steps to physically or socially feminize her gender expression or body. This term emphasizes chosen gender as opposed to assigned gender."
"TRANSGENDER WOMEN or TRANS WOMEN or WOMEN OF TRANS EXPERIENCE are people who have gender identities as women and who were assigned male at birth. They may or may not have undergone any transition. MTF or Male-to-Female are older terms that are falling out of use."
"transgender females (also called trans women) are individuals who self-identify as females but were assigned male gender at birth."
Milionis, Charalampos; Ilias, Ioannis; Koukkou, Eftychia (May 27, 2022). "Progesterone in gender-affirming therapy of trans women". World Journal of Biological Chemistry. 13 (3). Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.: 66–71.
doi:
10.4331/wjbc.v13.i3.66.
ISSN1949-8454.{{
cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
"Trans women are individuals who are assigned as males at birth but whose gender identity is female. They identify psychologically and emotionally as women"
"Transgender women, or trans women, are individuals who were assigned male sex at birth with the expectation they would have concordant gender identities (e.g., man) and masculine gender expression, yet have gender identities such as transgender woman or woman, and feminine gender expression"
Klemmer, Cary L.; Arayasirikul, Sean; Raymond, Henry F. (March 11, 2018). "Transphobia-Based Violence, Depression, and Anxiety in Transgender Women: The Role of Body Satisfaction". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 36 (5–6). SAGE Publications: 2633–2655.
doi:
10.1177/0886260518760015.
ISSN0886-2605.
"trans women are people who have been classed as men whilst having a female gender identity, and who often seek to change their social position so that they are classed as women."
Jenkins, Katharine (September 6, 2018). "Toward an Account of Gender Identity". Ergo, an Open Access Journal of Philosophy. 5 (20201214). University of Michigan Library.
doi:
10.3998/ergo.12405314.0005.027.
ISSN2330-4014.
" Trans women are people who claim social and legal recognition as women, or trans-women, or male-to-female (MtF)"
Dornelas, Rodrigo; Guedes-Granzotti, Raphaela Barroso; Souza, Alberto Silva; Jesus, Ane Keslly Batista de; Silva, Kelly da (2020). "Quality of life and voice: the vocal self-perception of transgender people". Audiology - Communication Research. 25. FapUNIFESP (SciELO).
doi:
10.1590/2317-6431-2019-2196.
ISSN2317-6431.
"Trans women are people who were assigned a male sex at birth, but identify as female."
"trans women are people who identify as female/woman or on the transfeminine spectrum but who were labelled male sex at birth"
Canoy, Nico; Thapa, Subash; Hannes, Karin (2019). "Transgender persons' HIV care (dis)engagement: a qualitative evidence synthesis protocol from an ecological systems theory perspective". BMJ Open. 9 (1). BMJ: e025475.
doi:
10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025475.
ISSN2044-6055.
"trans women are people who remain as men at birth but identify themselves as female"
"Trans women are people who now identify as women."
Gehi, Pooja S. (2012). "Gendered (in) Security: Migration and Criminalization in the Security State". SSRN Electronic Journal. Elsevier BV.
doi:
10.2139/ssrn.2120847.
ISSN1556-5068.
"a transwoman is a person assigned male sex at birth but identifying as a woman"
Giraldi, A. (2020). "Mental health and gender dysphoria – why does it matter?". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 141 (6). Wiley: 483–485.
doi:
10.1111/acps.13182.
ISSN0001-690X.
"Transwoman: A person assigned male at birth who identifies as female"
Erasmus, Jaco (March 11, 2021). "Gender Dysphoria in Men". Comprehensive Men's Mental Health. Cambridge University Press.
doi:
10.1017/9781108646765.008.
"A person assigned male at birth who identifies as a woman or in similar terms (eg, as a “trans woman” or “woman of transgender experience”) "
" ‘Transgender women’, sometimes referred to as ‘male-to-female’ (or ‘MTF’) are individuals who were assigned male sex at birth, but who identify as women or as transgender women"
Sevelius, Jae (December 20, 2013).
"Transgender Issues in HIV"(PDF). HIV Specialist. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
"Transgender person assigned male sex at birth but whose gender identity is that of a woman"
Nasrulla, Insiya (2021). "Sexuality, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders". Absolute Geriatric Psychiatry Review. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
doi:
10.1007/978-3-030-58663-8_16.
ISBN978-3-030-58662-1.
"a person assigned male at birth may identify and present as female (transwoman)"
"A person assigned male sex at birth, but who identifies with femininity to a greater extent than masculinity."
McPherson, Tristan D.; Ramirez, Enrique; Ringness, Madeline; Ruestow, Peter; Marlow, Mariel; Fricchione, Marielle J. (July 17, 2020). "Mumps Cases Disproportionately Affecting Persons Living with HIV Infection and Men Who Have Sex with Men — Chicago, Illinois, 2018". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 69 (28). Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office: 909–912.
doi:
10.15585/mmwr.mm6928a3.
ISSN0149-2195.
"Trans woman (MTF): A person who was assigned male at birth (AMAB) but who lives as a woman or identifies as female. "
"Transgender—Describes a person whose gender identity and sex assigned at birth do not correspond based on traditional expectations; for example, a person assigned female sex at birth who identifies as a man; or a person assigned male sex at birth who identifies as a woman. "
Flatt, Jason D; Cicero, Ethan C; Kittle, Krystal R; Brennan-Ing, Mark (July 3, 2021). "Recommendations for Advancing Research With Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults". The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 77 (1). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1–9.
doi:
10.1093/geronb/gbab127.
ISSN1079-5014.
"trans women (male sex assigned at birth, female gender identity)"
de Blok, Christel JM.; Dijkman, Benthe AM.; Wiepjes, Chantal M.; Konings, Inge RHM.; Dreijerink, Koen MA.; Barbé, Ellis; den Heijer, Martin (2021). "Frequency and outcomes of benign breast biopsies in trans women: A nationwide cohort study". The Breast. 57. Elsevier BV: 118–122.
doi:
10.1016/j.breast.2021.03.007.
ISSN0960-9776.
"A person assigned male at birth who identifies as a woman or in similar terms (eg, as a “trans woman” or “woman of transgender experience”)."
Knudson, Gail; Winter, Sam; Baral, Stefan; Reisner, Sari; Wylie, Kevan (2020). "An Introduction to Gender Diversity". Comprehensive Care of the Transgender Patient. Elsevier.
doi:
10.1016/b978-0-323-49642-1.00001-6.
"A trans-gender female is a person assigned male at birth who has a gender identity of a female"
"A trans woman is someone who was assigned male at birth – in other words, doctors put the letter “M” on her birth certificate – but now she identifies as a woman or female."
Lussenhop, Alexander (July 3, 2018). "Beyond the Male/female Binary: Gender Equity and Inclusion in Evaluation Surveys". Journal of Museum Education. 43 (3). Informa UK Limited: 194–207.
doi:
10.1080/10598650.2018.1484201.
ISSN1059-8650.
"A trans woman is someone who was labeled male at birth but experiences herself as a woman"
Drake, Sunny (2016). "Transitioning the Theatre Industry". Canadian Theatre Review. 165. University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress): 55–59.
doi:
10.3138/ctr.165.011.
ISSN0315-0836.
"A trans woman is someone who was assigned male at birth but self-identifies as female and therefore transitions from male to female (MTF)."
"Analogously, individuals assigned male gender at birth with a female identity sometimes call themselves transgender women, trans women, or women."
Hall, Kathryn S. K.; Binik, Yitzchak M. (2020). Principles and practice of sex therapy. New York, NY. p. 425.
ISBN978-1-4625-4343-4.
OCLC1157091018.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Individuals whose assigned sex at birth was male and who have changed, are changing, or wish to change their body and/or gender role to a more feminized body or gender role are often referred to as transgender women, transwomen, or trans women."
Beto, Judith A. (2022). NUTRITION COUNSELING AND EDUCATION SKILLS a practical guide. [S.l.]: JONES & BARTLETT LEARNING. p. 61.
ISBN978-1-284-23854-9.
OCLC1341840442.
"Trans women are individuals assigned male at birth but who identify and live as women, commonly using the pronouns she, her or hers, and who may employ medical intervention to feminize their bodies"
Armstrong, Heather L. (2021). Encyclopedia of sex and sexuality : understanding biology, psychology, and culture. Santa Barbara, California. p. 740.
ISBN978-1-61069-875-7.
OCLC1161996063.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Trans/transgender woman: Individuals assigned male at birth whose gender identity is female."
McGoldrick, Monica; Hardy, Kenneth V. (2019). Re-visioning family therapy : addressing diversity in clinical practice. New York, NY. p. 364.
ISBN978-1-4625-3973-4.
OCLC1099790463.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"transgender women (individuals assigned male who identify as female)"
Alexy, Allison; Cook, Emma E. (2019). Intimate Japan : ethnographies of closeness and conflict. Honolulu. p. 168.
ISBN0-8248-7668-7.
OCLC1090813941.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Transgender woman (also: trans woman, male-to female, transgender female): This refers to individuals assigned male at birth but who identify and live as women."
Sperling, M.; Majzoub, Joseph A.; Menon, Ram Kumar; Stratakis, Constantine A. (2021). Sperling pediatric endocrinology. Philadelphia, PA. p. 696.
ISBN978-0-323-62521-0.
OCLC1180970132.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Transsexual (TS) women are individuals assigned male genders at birth, but who transition to or assume female/woman/feminine gender identities and expressions in order to be congruent with their subconscious sex."
Wright, Eric R.; Carnes, Neal (2016). Understanding the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States : the role of syndemics in the production of health disparities. Switzerland. p. 101.
ISBN3-319-34004-2.
OCLC955138315.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Trans women are people who were identified at birth as male and were raised as boys, but the disjunction between their assigned sex and their identity lead them to decide to transition to live as women."
"Transgender or trans women are persons who were given a sex assignment as male at birth, and in childhood or later they identified as female."
Van Wormer, Katherine S.; Bartollas, Clemens (2022). Women and the criminal justice system : gender, race, and class. New York.
ISBN978-1-032-00388-7.
OCLC1262668986.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"a male-to- female [MTF] transsexual woman [Trans woman] is someone who was labelled male at birth but has a female gender identity, and therefore transitions to live completely and permanently as a woman"
"A trans woman is a person who identifies as a woman and who lives in a female role, but who was assigned male at birth."
RICHARDS, CHRISTINA (2019). TRANS AND SEXUALITY : an existentially-informed enquiry with implications for counselling ... psychology. [Place of publication not identified]: TAYLOR & FRANCIS.
ISBN0-367-19718-9.
OCLC1083136545.
"is a male..."
Academic sources which define trans women using "male" ("biological male", etc.) as a noun:
"a male-to-female (MTF) transsexual, i.e., a “trans woman,” is a genetic male consistent on all five biological definitions who identifies or thinks of herself as a female, and has “taken social, medical, or surgical steps to physically or socially feminize her gender expression or body” (Shultz 2015: 200–201).'" (Cit: 109)
"In contrast to Professor Sharpe, we maintain that transwomen are males who are trans, and transmen are females who are trans; transwomen are a subset of the male sex class and transmen are a subset of the female sex class."
"Transwoman is a male who feels she is a female inside This person feels like a female and is a biologically male person who identifies as a female. Transwoman feel they should correctly referred to as female."
Sources which do none of the above, either through active voice (as in "A trans woman identifies as..."), or an ambiguous demonstrative pronoun ("Trans women are those who..."):
"A transgender female or transwoman identifies her gender as female, but was biologically considered a male at birth." (Cit: 3)
"Transgender women (TGW), sometimes referred to as transwomen or trans, self-identify their gender as female or other though they were assigned male at birth"
Aung, Ye Kyaw; Thet, May Me; Gustafson, Kiira; Oo, Sandar; Paudel, Mahesh; Thein, Si Thu (April 15, 2022). "Identities and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women in Myanmar: Perspectives from Transgender Women and Service Providers". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 51 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1967–1976.
doi:
10.1007/s10508-021-02247-7.
ISSN0004-0002.
"Trans women are those who were assigned male at birth and identify as women or feminine"
Strübel, Jessica; Sabik, Natalie J.; Tylka, Tracy L. (2020). "Body image and depressive symptoms among transgender and cisgender adults: Examining a model integrating the tripartite influence model and objectification theory". Body Image. 35. Elsevier BV: 53–62.
doi:
10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.08.004.
ISSN1740-1445.
"Transgender women or trans women are those who now self-identify as women who were identified by others as male at birth."
"Trans women are those who were assigned male at birth on the basis of genital appearance but who later identify themselves as female."
Jones, Bethany Alice; Haycraft, Emma; Murjan, Sarah; Arcelus, Jon (November 30, 2015). "Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in trans people: A systematic review of the literature". International Review of Psychiatry. 28 (1). Informa UK Limited: 81–94.
doi:
10.3109/09540261.2015.1089217.
ISSN0954-0261.
"Trans women are those who identify as women or primarily feminine, and trans men are those who identify as men or primarily masculine.
"trans woman a woman who was assigned male at birth"
"Coming out as trans". www.bath.ac.uk. University of Bath. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
"Transgender woman: Often shortened to Trans woman. A woman who was assigned male at birth. Some trans women may also use MTF (Male to Female) or M2F (Male to Female) to describe their identity."
"LGBTQIA+ GLOSSARY". rcsgd.sa.ucsb.edu. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
"Trans man or trans woman – noun : A transgender man who was assigned female at birth, or a woman who was assigned male at birth. Not all trans people adopt this identity label and prefer to refer to themselves simply as a “woman” or “man.”"
"LGBTQIA+ Terminology 101". NATA. National Athletic Trainers' Association. February 28, 2018. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
"Transgender Woman/Trans Woman: A woman who was assigned male sex at birth."
"MTF: Male-to-female transgender person. Sometimes known as a transgender woman. Someone assigned the male gender at birth who identifies on the female spectrum."
"A male-to-female/MTF trans woman is someone who was labelled male at birth but has a female gender identity and transitions to live permanently as a woman."
"Conversely, people who were assigned male, but identify and live as female and alter or wish to alter their bodies through medical intervention to more closely resemble their gender identity are known as transsexual women or transwomen (also known as male-to-female or MTF)."
"Transgender woman": "This category includes persons whose sex assigned at birth was reported as male and whose current gender was reported as female. It also includes persons whose current gender was indicated as transwoman."
"A trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth. Some trans women prefer to simply be referred to as women, whereas others feel being trans is an important part of their gender label."
"A trans woman is someone who is a woman, or has a present experience of womanhood, and who was presumed to be male at birth. This can include trans women, trans feminine people, and more."
"Transgender Woman: A woman who was assigned male at birth may use this term to describe herself. She may shorten it to trans woman. (Note: trans woman, not "transwoman.") Some may prefer to simply be called women, without any modifier. Use the term the person uses to describe their gender."
"MtF: an abbreviation for male-to-female. It refers to a transgender person who was assigned male at birth, and whose gender identity is that of a woman. This person would also be known as a transwoman."
"Transgender woman: A term used to describe someone who is assigned male at birth but identifies and lives as a woman. This may be shortened to trans woman"
"‘trans women’ are those born with male appearance but identifying as women."
"Terminology"(PDF). GIRES – Gender Identity Research & Education Society. 2018.
"Transgender Female or Transwoman: A transgender female or transwoman identifies her gender as female, but was biologically considered a male at birth."
"Transgender describes someone whose gender identity is different from the sex they were assigned at birth (this can also be shortened to “trans”). For example, a transgender woman is someone who was listed as male at birth but whose gender identity is female."
This page is only for listing definitions of trans woman, transgender woman, and transsexual woman in reliable sources. All other definitions, or analyses by Wikipedia editors, belong elsewhere and will be removed if added.
The numbering within each section may be highly unstable. When discussing sources, prefer to reference them by name, or by copying the citation.
Academic publications
"is a woman..."
Academic sources which take the form "a trans woman is a woman who..." or "trans women are women who...".
"...a trans woman is a woman who was assigned the sex male at birth" (Cit: 57)
"With this definition in mind, a transgender woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth and who lives as a woman regardless of the intelligibility (or lack thereof) of their identity to cisgender individuals." (Cit: 1)
Brown, Haley Marie (September 21, 2021). "The forgotten murders: Gendercide in the twenty-first century and the destruction of the transgender body". In Cox, John; Khoury, Amal; Minslow, Sarah (eds.).
Denial: The Final Stage of Genocide. Routledge.
doi:
10.4324/9781003010708-11.
"...a woman who was assigned a male anatomical sex at birth..." (Cit: 129)
"transgender woman (ie, a woman who was assigned male at birth)" (Cit: 118)
Riggs, Damien W., Gavriel Y. Ansara, and Gareth J. Treharne. "An evidence‐based model for understanding the mental health experiences of transgender Australians." Australian Psychologist 50.1 (2015): 32-39.
"A trans women is a woman who was assigned male at birth" (Cit: 1)
"For example, a woman who was assigned female at birth is a cisgender woman, while a woman assigned male at birth is a transgender woman." (Cit: 10)
Sanders, Nathan, Pocholo Umbal, and Lex Konnelly. "Methods for increasing equity, diversity, and inclusion in linguistics pedagogy." Proceedings of the 2020 Meeting of the Canadian Linguistics Association. 2020.
"Broadly speaking, a trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth." (Cit: 15)
"A transgender woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth..." (Cit: 0)
Weppler, Brianna. "There’s No “Gender” in Team: Developing State Policies for the Inclusion of the Transgender Interscholastic Athlete." Touro Law Review 38.1 (2022).
"A trans woman, for example, is a woman who was assigned male at birth." (Cit: 9)
Ashley, Florence. "Surgical informed consent and recognizing a perioperative duty to disclose in transgender health care." McGill JL & Health 13 (2019): 73.
"A trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth." (Cit: 4)
Blincoe, Emily. "Sex markers on birth certificates: Replacing the medical model with self-identification." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 46.1 (2015): 57-83.
"For example, a transgender woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth..." (Cit: 106)
Medicine, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and; Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and; Population, Committee on; Populations, Committee on Understanding the Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Diverse (January 23, 2021).
Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations. National Academies Press.
ISBN978-0-309-68081-3 – via Google Books.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
"...trans woman means 'woman assigned to the male sex at birth.'" (Cit: 82)
Bettcher, Talia Mae (2013). "Trans women and the meaning of 'woman'". In Soble, Alan (ed.).
The Philosophy of Sex: Contemporary Readings. Rowman & Littlefield – via PhilPapers.
"transgender woman (transfeminine, woman assigned male at birth)" (Cit: 1)
Nuyen, Brian, et al. "The health burden of transfeminine facial gender dysphoria: an analysis of public perception." Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine 23.5 (2021): 350-356.
"trans women are women who were assigned male at birth"
Rashid, Abdul; Afiqah, Siti Nur; Iguchi, Yufu (June 1, 2022). "Use of Hormones Among Trans Women in the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Mixed Methods Study". Transgender Health. 7 (3). Mary Ann Liebert Inc: 242–249.
doi:
10.1089/trgh.2020.0119.
ISSN2688-4887.
"Broadly speaking, a trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth."
Sauerland, William (2022). Queering vocal pedagogy : a handbook for teaching trans and genderqueer singers and fostering gender-affirming spaces. Lanham.
ISBN978-1-5381-6666-6.
OCLC1290430966.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Transgender, or trans, means your gender identity does not align with the sex you were assigned at birth; for example, a trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth"
Newton, David E. (2019). Gender inequality : a reference handbook. Santa Barbara, California. p. 147.
ISBN978-1-4408-7286-0.
OCLC1101568194.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"trans women are women who were designated male at birth and identify as women"
"I maintain that trans women are ontologically real women and in discussing this claim I weigh up whether trans women should be allowed to stand for, or represent, women in the political fight for women’s rights."
Academic sources which take the form "a trans woman is X" or "trans women are X", where X is a gender-neutral noun like "person", "individual", "someone", "adult", etc.
"A term to describe a person who was identified male at birth but who identifies and portrays her gender as female" (Cit: 37)
"A person assigned male at birth who identifies as a woman or in similar terms (eg, as a “trans woman” or “woman of transgender experience”)." (Cit: 784)
"A person with a female gender identity and male assigned sex would be referred to as a 'transgender girl/woman,' 'transfemale,' or MTF (male to female)"(Cit: 41)
"Transgender woman (also: trans woman, male-to female, transgender female): This refers to individuals assigned male at birth but who identify and live as women." (Cit: 1397)
"Under this umbrella, a trans woman is a person who identifies as a woman and was assigned male at birth, while a trans man is a person who identifies as a man and was assigned female at birth." (Cit: 1)
"trans women (people categorized as male at birth who later come to identify as women)" (Cit: 202)
Jenkins, Katharine (January 1, 2016). "Amelioration and Inclusion: Gender Identity and the Concept of Woman". Ethics. 126 (2): 394–421.
doi:
10.1086/683535.
"trans women (individuals assigned male at birth who identify and present as women)"
Aylward, Erin (2020). "Intergovernmental Organizations and Nongovernmental Organizations: The Development of an International Approach to LGBT Issues". In Michael J. Bosia; Sandra M. McEvoy; Momin Rahman (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Global LGBT and Sexual Diversity Politics. Oxford University Press.
doi:
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673741.013.10.
ISBN9780190673772.
"Trans women are people who are transitioning (or who have transitioned) from a masculine to a feminine subjectivity, who conceive of themselves as feminine subjects, and who call themselves trans women as a political statement."
Pérez-Bustos, Tania (2014). "Of Caring Practices in the Public Communication of Science: Seeing through Trans Women Scientists' Experiences". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 39 (4). University of Chicago Press: 857–866.
doi:
10.1086/675540.
ISSN0097-9740.
"Trans women are individuals who were assigned male at birth, but now identify as women. "
Ussher, Jane M.; Hawkey, Alexandra; Perz, Janette; Liamputtong, Pranee; Sekar, Jessica; Marjadi, Brahmaputra; Schmied, Virginia; Dune, Tinashe; Brook, Eloise (August 12, 2020). "Crossing Boundaries and Fetishization: Experiences of Sexual Violence for Trans Women of Color". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 37 (5–6). SAGE Publications: NP3552–NP3584.
doi:
10.1177/0886260520949149.
ISSN0886-2605.
"Transgender females are people assigned male at birth, but who self-identify as female."
T’Sjoen, Guy; Arcelus, Jon; Gooren, Louis; Klink, Daniel T; Tangpricha, Vin (October 10, 2018). "Endocrinology of Transgender Medicine". Endocrine Reviews. 40 (1). The Endocrine Society: 97–117.
doi:
10.1210/er.2018-00011.
ISSN0163-769X.
"Trans women are people who were assigned a male sex at birth and identify and live as women"
White, Charles R.; Jenkins, Dusty D. (January 2, 2017). "College students' acceptance of trans women and trans men in gendered spaces: The role of physical appearance". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services. 29 (1). Informa UK Limited: 41–67.
doi:
10.1080/10538720.2016.1261749.
ISSN1053-8720.
"Trans women are individuals who were assigned male sex at birth and currently identify as women"
Wesson, Paul; Vittinghoff, Eric; Turner, Caitlin; Arayasirikul, Sean; McFarland, Willi; Wilson, Erin (2021). "Intercategorical and Intracategorical Experiences of Discrimination and HIV Prevalence Among Transgender Women in San Francisco, CA: A Quantitative Intersectionality Analysis". American Journal of Public Health. 111 (3). American Public Health Association: 446–456.
doi:
10.2105/ajph.2020.306055.
ISSN0090-0036.
"Transgender women or trans women are individuals who were assigned male at birth but who have gender identities as women."
"Trans women are people who were identified at birth as male and were raised as boys, but the disjunction between their assigned sex and their identity lead them to decide to transition to live as women. "
Renzetti, Claire M.; Campe, Margaret (November 27, 2020), Feminist Praxis and Gender Violence, Wiley,
doi:
10.1002/9781119314967.ch23
"Trans women are individuals who were assigned male at birth but who identify as women"
* Vanaman, Matthew E.; A. Chapman, Hanah (2020). "Disgust and disgust-driven moral concerns predict support for restrictions on transgender bathroom access". Politics and the Life Sciences. 39 (2). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 200–214.
doi:
10.1017/pls.2020.20.
ISSN0730-9384.
"Trans women are people who were assigned a male sex at birth, but identify as female. "
* Erickson-Schroth, Laura (2015). "Psychological and Biological Influences on Gender Roles". Neuroscience in the 21st Century. New York, NY: Springer New York.
doi:
10.1007/978-1-4614-6434-1_159-1.
ISBN978-1-4614-6434-1.
"Transgender women are individuals who were assigned the male gender at birth and later come to identify and live as a woman or transgender female."
Koken, Juline A.; Bimbi, David S.; Parsons, Jeffrey T. (2009). "Experiences of familial acceptance–rejection among transwomen of color". Journal of Family Psychology. 23 (6). American Psychological Association (APA): 853–860.
doi:
10.1037/a0017198.
ISSN1939-1293.
"trans woman / A person usually assigned male at birth who has taken social, medical, or surgical steps to physically or socially feminize her gender expression or body. This term emphasizes chosen gender as opposed to assigned gender."
"TRANSGENDER WOMEN or TRANS WOMEN or WOMEN OF TRANS EXPERIENCE are people who have gender identities as women and who were assigned male at birth. They may or may not have undergone any transition. MTF or Male-to-Female are older terms that are falling out of use."
"transgender females (also called trans women) are individuals who self-identify as females but were assigned male gender at birth."
Milionis, Charalampos; Ilias, Ioannis; Koukkou, Eftychia (May 27, 2022). "Progesterone in gender-affirming therapy of trans women". World Journal of Biological Chemistry. 13 (3). Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.: 66–71.
doi:
10.4331/wjbc.v13.i3.66.
ISSN1949-8454.{{
cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
"Trans women are individuals who are assigned as males at birth but whose gender identity is female. They identify psychologically and emotionally as women"
"Transgender women, or trans women, are individuals who were assigned male sex at birth with the expectation they would have concordant gender identities (e.g., man) and masculine gender expression, yet have gender identities such as transgender woman or woman, and feminine gender expression"
Klemmer, Cary L.; Arayasirikul, Sean; Raymond, Henry F. (March 11, 2018). "Transphobia-Based Violence, Depression, and Anxiety in Transgender Women: The Role of Body Satisfaction". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 36 (5–6). SAGE Publications: 2633–2655.
doi:
10.1177/0886260518760015.
ISSN0886-2605.
"trans women are people who have been classed as men whilst having a female gender identity, and who often seek to change their social position so that they are classed as women."
Jenkins, Katharine (September 6, 2018). "Toward an Account of Gender Identity". Ergo, an Open Access Journal of Philosophy. 5 (20201214). University of Michigan Library.
doi:
10.3998/ergo.12405314.0005.027.
ISSN2330-4014.
" Trans women are people who claim social and legal recognition as women, or trans-women, or male-to-female (MtF)"
Dornelas, Rodrigo; Guedes-Granzotti, Raphaela Barroso; Souza, Alberto Silva; Jesus, Ane Keslly Batista de; Silva, Kelly da (2020). "Quality of life and voice: the vocal self-perception of transgender people". Audiology - Communication Research. 25. FapUNIFESP (SciELO).
doi:
10.1590/2317-6431-2019-2196.
ISSN2317-6431.
"Trans women are people who were assigned a male sex at birth, but identify as female."
"trans women are people who identify as female/woman or on the transfeminine spectrum but who were labelled male sex at birth"
Canoy, Nico; Thapa, Subash; Hannes, Karin (2019). "Transgender persons' HIV care (dis)engagement: a qualitative evidence synthesis protocol from an ecological systems theory perspective". BMJ Open. 9 (1). BMJ: e025475.
doi:
10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025475.
ISSN2044-6055.
"trans women are people who remain as men at birth but identify themselves as female"
"Trans women are people who now identify as women."
Gehi, Pooja S. (2012). "Gendered (in) Security: Migration and Criminalization in the Security State". SSRN Electronic Journal. Elsevier BV.
doi:
10.2139/ssrn.2120847.
ISSN1556-5068.
"a transwoman is a person assigned male sex at birth but identifying as a woman"
Giraldi, A. (2020). "Mental health and gender dysphoria – why does it matter?". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 141 (6). Wiley: 483–485.
doi:
10.1111/acps.13182.
ISSN0001-690X.
"Transwoman: A person assigned male at birth who identifies as female"
Erasmus, Jaco (March 11, 2021). "Gender Dysphoria in Men". Comprehensive Men's Mental Health. Cambridge University Press.
doi:
10.1017/9781108646765.008.
"A person assigned male at birth who identifies as a woman or in similar terms (eg, as a “trans woman” or “woman of transgender experience”) "
" ‘Transgender women’, sometimes referred to as ‘male-to-female’ (or ‘MTF’) are individuals who were assigned male sex at birth, but who identify as women or as transgender women"
Sevelius, Jae (December 20, 2013).
"Transgender Issues in HIV"(PDF). HIV Specialist. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
"Transgender person assigned male sex at birth but whose gender identity is that of a woman"
Nasrulla, Insiya (2021). "Sexuality, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders". Absolute Geriatric Psychiatry Review. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
doi:
10.1007/978-3-030-58663-8_16.
ISBN978-3-030-58662-1.
"a person assigned male at birth may identify and present as female (transwoman)"
"A person assigned male sex at birth, but who identifies with femininity to a greater extent than masculinity."
McPherson, Tristan D.; Ramirez, Enrique; Ringness, Madeline; Ruestow, Peter; Marlow, Mariel; Fricchione, Marielle J. (July 17, 2020). "Mumps Cases Disproportionately Affecting Persons Living with HIV Infection and Men Who Have Sex with Men — Chicago, Illinois, 2018". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 69 (28). Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office: 909–912.
doi:
10.15585/mmwr.mm6928a3.
ISSN0149-2195.
"Trans woman (MTF): A person who was assigned male at birth (AMAB) but who lives as a woman or identifies as female. "
"Transgender—Describes a person whose gender identity and sex assigned at birth do not correspond based on traditional expectations; for example, a person assigned female sex at birth who identifies as a man; or a person assigned male sex at birth who identifies as a woman. "
Flatt, Jason D; Cicero, Ethan C; Kittle, Krystal R; Brennan-Ing, Mark (July 3, 2021). "Recommendations for Advancing Research With Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults". The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 77 (1). Oxford University Press (OUP): 1–9.
doi:
10.1093/geronb/gbab127.
ISSN1079-5014.
"trans women (male sex assigned at birth, female gender identity)"
de Blok, Christel JM.; Dijkman, Benthe AM.; Wiepjes, Chantal M.; Konings, Inge RHM.; Dreijerink, Koen MA.; Barbé, Ellis; den Heijer, Martin (2021). "Frequency and outcomes of benign breast biopsies in trans women: A nationwide cohort study". The Breast. 57. Elsevier BV: 118–122.
doi:
10.1016/j.breast.2021.03.007.
ISSN0960-9776.
"A person assigned male at birth who identifies as a woman or in similar terms (eg, as a “trans woman” or “woman of transgender experience”)."
Knudson, Gail; Winter, Sam; Baral, Stefan; Reisner, Sari; Wylie, Kevan (2020). "An Introduction to Gender Diversity". Comprehensive Care of the Transgender Patient. Elsevier.
doi:
10.1016/b978-0-323-49642-1.00001-6.
"A trans-gender female is a person assigned male at birth who has a gender identity of a female"
"A trans woman is someone who was assigned male at birth – in other words, doctors put the letter “M” on her birth certificate – but now she identifies as a woman or female."
Lussenhop, Alexander (July 3, 2018). "Beyond the Male/female Binary: Gender Equity and Inclusion in Evaluation Surveys". Journal of Museum Education. 43 (3). Informa UK Limited: 194–207.
doi:
10.1080/10598650.2018.1484201.
ISSN1059-8650.
"A trans woman is someone who was labeled male at birth but experiences herself as a woman"
Drake, Sunny (2016). "Transitioning the Theatre Industry". Canadian Theatre Review. 165. University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress): 55–59.
doi:
10.3138/ctr.165.011.
ISSN0315-0836.
"A trans woman is someone who was assigned male at birth but self-identifies as female and therefore transitions from male to female (MTF)."
"Analogously, individuals assigned male gender at birth with a female identity sometimes call themselves transgender women, trans women, or women."
Hall, Kathryn S. K.; Binik, Yitzchak M. (2020). Principles and practice of sex therapy. New York, NY. p. 425.
ISBN978-1-4625-4343-4.
OCLC1157091018.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Individuals whose assigned sex at birth was male and who have changed, are changing, or wish to change their body and/or gender role to a more feminized body or gender role are often referred to as transgender women, transwomen, or trans women."
Beto, Judith A. (2022). NUTRITION COUNSELING AND EDUCATION SKILLS a practical guide. [S.l.]: JONES & BARTLETT LEARNING. p. 61.
ISBN978-1-284-23854-9.
OCLC1341840442.
"Trans women are individuals assigned male at birth but who identify and live as women, commonly using the pronouns she, her or hers, and who may employ medical intervention to feminize their bodies"
Armstrong, Heather L. (2021). Encyclopedia of sex and sexuality : understanding biology, psychology, and culture. Santa Barbara, California. p. 740.
ISBN978-1-61069-875-7.
OCLC1161996063.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Trans/transgender woman: Individuals assigned male at birth whose gender identity is female."
McGoldrick, Monica; Hardy, Kenneth V. (2019). Re-visioning family therapy : addressing diversity in clinical practice. New York, NY. p. 364.
ISBN978-1-4625-3973-4.
OCLC1099790463.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"transgender women (individuals assigned male who identify as female)"
Alexy, Allison; Cook, Emma E. (2019). Intimate Japan : ethnographies of closeness and conflict. Honolulu. p. 168.
ISBN0-8248-7668-7.
OCLC1090813941.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Transgender woman (also: trans woman, male-to female, transgender female): This refers to individuals assigned male at birth but who identify and live as women."
Sperling, M.; Majzoub, Joseph A.; Menon, Ram Kumar; Stratakis, Constantine A. (2021). Sperling pediatric endocrinology. Philadelphia, PA. p. 696.
ISBN978-0-323-62521-0.
OCLC1180970132.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Transsexual (TS) women are individuals assigned male genders at birth, but who transition to or assume female/woman/feminine gender identities and expressions in order to be congruent with their subconscious sex."
Wright, Eric R.; Carnes, Neal (2016). Understanding the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States : the role of syndemics in the production of health disparities. Switzerland. p. 101.
ISBN3-319-34004-2.
OCLC955138315.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"Trans women are people who were identified at birth as male and were raised as boys, but the disjunction between their assigned sex and their identity lead them to decide to transition to live as women."
"Transgender or trans women are persons who were given a sex assignment as male at birth, and in childhood or later they identified as female."
Van Wormer, Katherine S.; Bartollas, Clemens (2022). Women and the criminal justice system : gender, race, and class. New York.
ISBN978-1-032-00388-7.
OCLC1262668986.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
"a male-to- female [MTF] transsexual woman [Trans woman] is someone who was labelled male at birth but has a female gender identity, and therefore transitions to live completely and permanently as a woman"
"A trans woman is a person who identifies as a woman and who lives in a female role, but who was assigned male at birth."
RICHARDS, CHRISTINA (2019). TRANS AND SEXUALITY : an existentially-informed enquiry with implications for counselling ... psychology. [Place of publication not identified]: TAYLOR & FRANCIS.
ISBN0-367-19718-9.
OCLC1083136545.
"is a male..."
Academic sources which define trans women using "male" ("biological male", etc.) as a noun:
"a male-to-female (MTF) transsexual, i.e., a “trans woman,” is a genetic male consistent on all five biological definitions who identifies or thinks of herself as a female, and has “taken social, medical, or surgical steps to physically or socially feminize her gender expression or body” (Shultz 2015: 200–201).'" (Cit: 109)
"In contrast to Professor Sharpe, we maintain that transwomen are males who are trans, and transmen are females who are trans; transwomen are a subset of the male sex class and transmen are a subset of the female sex class."
"Transwoman is a male who feels she is a female inside This person feels like a female and is a biologically male person who identifies as a female. Transwoman feel they should correctly referred to as female."
Sources which do none of the above, either through active voice (as in "A trans woman identifies as..."), or an ambiguous demonstrative pronoun ("Trans women are those who..."):
"A transgender female or transwoman identifies her gender as female, but was biologically considered a male at birth." (Cit: 3)
"Transgender women (TGW), sometimes referred to as transwomen or trans, self-identify their gender as female or other though they were assigned male at birth"
Aung, Ye Kyaw; Thet, May Me; Gustafson, Kiira; Oo, Sandar; Paudel, Mahesh; Thein, Si Thu (April 15, 2022). "Identities and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women in Myanmar: Perspectives from Transgender Women and Service Providers". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 51 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1967–1976.
doi:
10.1007/s10508-021-02247-7.
ISSN0004-0002.
"Trans women are those who were assigned male at birth and identify as women or feminine"
Strübel, Jessica; Sabik, Natalie J.; Tylka, Tracy L. (2020). "Body image and depressive symptoms among transgender and cisgender adults: Examining a model integrating the tripartite influence model and objectification theory". Body Image. 35. Elsevier BV: 53–62.
doi:
10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.08.004.
ISSN1740-1445.
"Transgender women or trans women are those who now self-identify as women who were identified by others as male at birth."
"Trans women are those who were assigned male at birth on the basis of genital appearance but who later identify themselves as female."
Jones, Bethany Alice; Haycraft, Emma; Murjan, Sarah; Arcelus, Jon (November 30, 2015). "Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in trans people: A systematic review of the literature". International Review of Psychiatry. 28 (1). Informa UK Limited: 81–94.
doi:
10.3109/09540261.2015.1089217.
ISSN0954-0261.
"Trans women are those who identify as women or primarily feminine, and trans men are those who identify as men or primarily masculine.
"trans woman a woman who was assigned male at birth"
"Coming out as trans". www.bath.ac.uk. University of Bath. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
"Transgender woman: Often shortened to Trans woman. A woman who was assigned male at birth. Some trans women may also use MTF (Male to Female) or M2F (Male to Female) to describe their identity."
"LGBTQIA+ GLOSSARY". rcsgd.sa.ucsb.edu. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
"Trans man or trans woman – noun : A transgender man who was assigned female at birth, or a woman who was assigned male at birth. Not all trans people adopt this identity label and prefer to refer to themselves simply as a “woman” or “man.”"
"LGBTQIA+ Terminology 101". NATA. National Athletic Trainers' Association. February 28, 2018. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
"Transgender Woman/Trans Woman: A woman who was assigned male sex at birth."
"MTF: Male-to-female transgender person. Sometimes known as a transgender woman. Someone assigned the male gender at birth who identifies on the female spectrum."
"A male-to-female/MTF trans woman is someone who was labelled male at birth but has a female gender identity and transitions to live permanently as a woman."
"Conversely, people who were assigned male, but identify and live as female and alter or wish to alter their bodies through medical intervention to more closely resemble their gender identity are known as transsexual women or transwomen (also known as male-to-female or MTF)."
"Transgender woman": "This category includes persons whose sex assigned at birth was reported as male and whose current gender was reported as female. It also includes persons whose current gender was indicated as transwoman."
"A trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth. Some trans women prefer to simply be referred to as women, whereas others feel being trans is an important part of their gender label."
"A trans woman is someone who is a woman, or has a present experience of womanhood, and who was presumed to be male at birth. This can include trans women, trans feminine people, and more."
"Transgender Woman: A woman who was assigned male at birth may use this term to describe herself. She may shorten it to trans woman. (Note: trans woman, not "transwoman.") Some may prefer to simply be called women, without any modifier. Use the term the person uses to describe their gender."
"MtF: an abbreviation for male-to-female. It refers to a transgender person who was assigned male at birth, and whose gender identity is that of a woman. This person would also be known as a transwoman."
"Transgender woman: A term used to describe someone who is assigned male at birth but identifies and lives as a woman. This may be shortened to trans woman"
"‘trans women’ are those born with male appearance but identifying as women."
"Terminology"(PDF). GIRES – Gender Identity Research & Education Society. 2018.
"Transgender Female or Transwoman: A transgender female or transwoman identifies her gender as female, but was biologically considered a male at birth."
"Transgender describes someone whose gender identity is different from the sex they were assigned at birth (this can also be shortened to “trans”). For example, a transgender woman is someone who was listed as male at birth but whose gender identity is female."