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There are 2 documents by Mussolini that are claimed to be originally found in the 1932 Encyclopedia Italiana. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/mussolini-fascism.html and http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Germany/mussolini.htm
The short one has a lot of ellipses, so I assume it is only excerpts from a longer document. Unless the editor Giovanni Gentile and Mussolini wanted it that way. If one searches for the "doctrine of pacifism" in both articles it can only be found in the short article. So maybe the short article is not an excerpt of the longer article? Or maybe both Mussolini articles were in the Encyclopedia Italiana? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia_Italiana
Fascism Doctrine and Institutions:
"First of all, as regards the future development of mankind, and quite apart from all present political considerations. Fascism does not, generally speaking, believe in the possibility or utility of perpetual peace. It therefore discards pacifism as a cloak for cowardly supine renunciation in contradistinction to self-sacrifice. War alone keys up all human energies to their maximum tension and sets the seal of nobility on those peoples who have the courage to face it."
The Doctrine of Fascism:
"Fascism, the more it considers and observes the future and the development of humanity quite apart from political considerations of the moment, believes neither in the possibility nor the utility of perpetual peace. It thus repudiates the doctrine of Pacifism -- born of a renunciation of the struggle and an act of cowardice in the face of sacrifice. War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have courage to meet it."
Same text -- different translations.-- Cberlet 17:31, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
OK. Then the text at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/mussolini-fascism.html must be just a very few excerpts from The Doctrine of Fascism, Firenze: Vallecchi Editore, 1935. Since this is the translation used at that link:
So far as I know, then that means there is only one complete article (translated in English) online written by Mussolini. Not counting the 2 searchable autobiographies combined in one book at Google books: http://books.google.com/books?q=mussolini+%22my+autobiography%22& - Click on the result titled "My Rise and Fall" (usually the top result). Then use the search form in the left column titled "search within this book."
So to summarize: The complete article in English is at http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Germany/mussolini.htm and it is Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions, by Benito Mussolini, 1935, 'Ardita' Publishers, Rome. And it is a translation of the 1932 Enciclopedia Italiana article combined with new text. -- Timeshifter 23:48, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
I added some of this discussion info to here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia_Italiana
You have photocopies of the original article from the 1932 Encyclopedia Italiana. Do you know enough Italian to figure out the title of the article? Was it just "fascismo" as this library reference page indicates: http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/libguide/ency/34.html -- Timeshifter 04:02, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
It is a third translation. Here is that pacifism part previously compared in other translations:
From the first page of this 1933 translation:
http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=7683344&type=book
Here below, for comparison purposes, is the first paragraph of the other "complete" online text of the article:
So, at least they start the same. -- Timeshifter 05:09, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
Just found a 4th translation online. It answers what heading it was under. It is not one of the other translations.-- Timeshifter 06:54, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=99690313&type=book
Did you photocopy the Volpe article also? And did you photocopy the appendix that Mussolini wrote? What exactly is on pages 852 through 884 of the Fascism section?
From the 4th translation:
You (CBerlet) wrote:
The 4th translation I found (chapter 5 in the 2000 book "A Primer of Italian Fascism") says: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=99690313&type=book
There is a menu link to the left that will show the table of contents of that book containing the 4th translation of the Mussolini article, and the Volpe article ("History of the Fascist Movement"). Or here is a direct link to that table of contents: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=99690246
And here is a direct link to the Volpe article (chapter 4 in that 2000 book "A Primer of Italian Fascism"): http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=99690286&type=book
Maybe you can compare the first paragraph in each of those articles in the Fascism section of the Enciclopedia Italiana with the first paragraph in your photocopies, and see how it all lines up. See if you also photocopied the Volpe article. There is a rough online translator for text at Google that may help: http://www.google.com/language_tools
The translation with the complete text has the appendix that Mussolini wrote: http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Germany/mussolini.htm -- Timeshifter 06:08, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
OK. I rechecked. Of the 3 complete translations online 2 have footnote numbers or letters. I haven't yet checked the last pages of the footnoted Questia.com translation to see if it has the actual footnotes too. I will try to check. Questia.com can be difficult to use.
So I guess this settles it. The 1933 complete translation does not have the footnote numbers or letters in the first page here: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=7683344&type=book - nor are there footnotes at the end of the translation.
The other Questia.com translation has both footnote letters and the actual footnotes at the end of the article. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=99690313&type=book
That translation is a chapter in a BOOK, O print dinosaur, and it has this to say about who may have written what:
So the footnotes were added for the 1935 translation.
I will clarify all this in the links for the Wikipedia page. -- Timeshifter 09:36, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
Good morning</b I removed the quotation of Soames translation describing as Fascism as "Century of the left". There has been a lenghty discussion about this sentence, that one can find on the Archive 42 of the Fascism article discussion page. Feel free to readd the quotation in the form suggested by the discussion in archive. Moreover, I would like to notice that the introduced quotation was already in the lead (with correct meaning). Last but not least, this article deals with a work written in Italian. Therefore, authoritative for its interpretation is the italian original, not translations - authorised or not - in any language. Alex2006 ( talk) 07:04, 30 April 2014 (UTC)
Following up, that questionable "Century of the left" translation has been reinserted. I will remove, please notify me and/or revert if you feel I am doing so in error. DaBunny42 ( talk) 20:28, 30 May 2016 (UTC)
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There are 2 documents by Mussolini that are claimed to be originally found in the 1932 Encyclopedia Italiana. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/mussolini-fascism.html and http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Germany/mussolini.htm
The short one has a lot of ellipses, so I assume it is only excerpts from a longer document. Unless the editor Giovanni Gentile and Mussolini wanted it that way. If one searches for the "doctrine of pacifism" in both articles it can only be found in the short article. So maybe the short article is not an excerpt of the longer article? Or maybe both Mussolini articles were in the Encyclopedia Italiana? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia_Italiana
Fascism Doctrine and Institutions:
"First of all, as regards the future development of mankind, and quite apart from all present political considerations. Fascism does not, generally speaking, believe in the possibility or utility of perpetual peace. It therefore discards pacifism as a cloak for cowardly supine renunciation in contradistinction to self-sacrifice. War alone keys up all human energies to their maximum tension and sets the seal of nobility on those peoples who have the courage to face it."
The Doctrine of Fascism:
"Fascism, the more it considers and observes the future and the development of humanity quite apart from political considerations of the moment, believes neither in the possibility nor the utility of perpetual peace. It thus repudiates the doctrine of Pacifism -- born of a renunciation of the struggle and an act of cowardice in the face of sacrifice. War alone brings up to its highest tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have courage to meet it."
Same text -- different translations.-- Cberlet 17:31, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
OK. Then the text at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/mussolini-fascism.html must be just a very few excerpts from The Doctrine of Fascism, Firenze: Vallecchi Editore, 1935. Since this is the translation used at that link:
So far as I know, then that means there is only one complete article (translated in English) online written by Mussolini. Not counting the 2 searchable autobiographies combined in one book at Google books: http://books.google.com/books?q=mussolini+%22my+autobiography%22& - Click on the result titled "My Rise and Fall" (usually the top result). Then use the search form in the left column titled "search within this book."
So to summarize: The complete article in English is at http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Germany/mussolini.htm and it is Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions, by Benito Mussolini, 1935, 'Ardita' Publishers, Rome. And it is a translation of the 1932 Enciclopedia Italiana article combined with new text. -- Timeshifter 23:48, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
I added some of this discussion info to here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia_Italiana
You have photocopies of the original article from the 1932 Encyclopedia Italiana. Do you know enough Italian to figure out the title of the article? Was it just "fascismo" as this library reference page indicates: http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/libguide/ency/34.html -- Timeshifter 04:02, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
It is a third translation. Here is that pacifism part previously compared in other translations:
From the first page of this 1933 translation:
http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=7683344&type=book
Here below, for comparison purposes, is the first paragraph of the other "complete" online text of the article:
So, at least they start the same. -- Timeshifter 05:09, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
Just found a 4th translation online. It answers what heading it was under. It is not one of the other translations.-- Timeshifter 06:54, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=99690313&type=book
Did you photocopy the Volpe article also? And did you photocopy the appendix that Mussolini wrote? What exactly is on pages 852 through 884 of the Fascism section?
From the 4th translation:
You (CBerlet) wrote:
The 4th translation I found (chapter 5 in the 2000 book "A Primer of Italian Fascism") says: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=99690313&type=book
There is a menu link to the left that will show the table of contents of that book containing the 4th translation of the Mussolini article, and the Volpe article ("History of the Fascist Movement"). Or here is a direct link to that table of contents: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=99690246
And here is a direct link to the Volpe article (chapter 4 in that 2000 book "A Primer of Italian Fascism"): http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=99690286&type=book
Maybe you can compare the first paragraph in each of those articles in the Fascism section of the Enciclopedia Italiana with the first paragraph in your photocopies, and see how it all lines up. See if you also photocopied the Volpe article. There is a rough online translator for text at Google that may help: http://www.google.com/language_tools
The translation with the complete text has the appendix that Mussolini wrote: http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Germany/mussolini.htm -- Timeshifter 06:08, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
OK. I rechecked. Of the 3 complete translations online 2 have footnote numbers or letters. I haven't yet checked the last pages of the footnoted Questia.com translation to see if it has the actual footnotes too. I will try to check. Questia.com can be difficult to use.
So I guess this settles it. The 1933 complete translation does not have the footnote numbers or letters in the first page here: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=7683344&type=book - nor are there footnotes at the end of the translation.
The other Questia.com translation has both footnote letters and the actual footnotes at the end of the article. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=refresh&docId=99690313&type=book
That translation is a chapter in a BOOK, O print dinosaur, and it has this to say about who may have written what:
So the footnotes were added for the 1935 translation.
I will clarify all this in the links for the Wikipedia page. -- Timeshifter 09:36, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
Good morning</b I removed the quotation of Soames translation describing as Fascism as "Century of the left". There has been a lenghty discussion about this sentence, that one can find on the Archive 42 of the Fascism article discussion page. Feel free to readd the quotation in the form suggested by the discussion in archive. Moreover, I would like to notice that the introduced quotation was already in the lead (with correct meaning). Last but not least, this article deals with a work written in Italian. Therefore, authoritative for its interpretation is the italian original, not translations - authorised or not - in any language. Alex2006 ( talk) 07:04, 30 April 2014 (UTC)
Following up, that questionable "Century of the left" translation has been reinserted. I will remove, please notify me and/or revert if you feel I am doing so in error. DaBunny42 ( talk) 20:28, 30 May 2016 (UTC)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified one external link on The Doctrine of Fascism. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot ( Report bug) 16:10, 15 December 2017 (UTC)