This article is rated C-class on Wikipedia's
content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
There is no such thing as respiratory epithelium in the upper part of the upper respiratory tract, as no epithelia has respiratory function in the pharynx, larynx and nasopharynx, and thus is wrongly named. The distinction should be made, and the correct name is epithelium of the respiratory tract. Not as short and nice, but more correct, I'm taught, as a medical student. Madskile 20:19, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
Many mass-marketed inhaler and nasal spray formulations still contain benzalkonium chloride notwithstanding substantial evidence that it interferes with function of the cilia of the mucociliary escalator for the respiratory epithelium.
66.167.61.217 ( talk) 21:05, 23 May 2010 (UTC)
Benzalkonium chloride damages, and ultimately kills, cilia.
Riechelmann H, Deutschle T, Stuhlmiller A, Gronau S, Bürner H.
Nasal toxicity of benzalkonium chloride.
Am J Rhinol. 2004 Sep-Oct;18(5):291-9.
"CONCLUSION: BAC in concentrations used in nasal preparations is ciliotoxic."
Bernstein IL J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Jan;105(1 Pt 1):39-44. Comment in: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Sep;106(3):595-6.
Is the use of benzalkonium chloride as a preservative for nasal formulations a safety concern? A cautionary note based on compromised mucociliary transport.
...
Rizzo JA, Medeiros D, Silva AR, Sarinho E.
Benzalkonium chloride and nasal mucociliary clearance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blind trial.
Am J Rhinol. 2006 May-Jun;20(3):243-7.
...
Rizzo JA, Medeiros D, Silva AR, Sarinho E.
Benzalkonium chloride and nasal mucociliary clearance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blind trial.
Am J Rhinol. 2006 May-Jun;20(3):243-7.
PMID
16871922
Marple B, Roland P, Benninger M.
Safety review of benzalkonium chloride used as a preservative in intranasal solutions: an overview of conflicting data and opinions.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Jan;130(1):131-41. Review.
PMID
14726922
Verret DJ, Marple BF.
Effect of topical nasal steroid sprays on nasal mucosa and ciliary function.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Feb;13(1):14-8. Review.
PMID
15654209
Graf P.
Benzalkonium chloride as a preservative in nasal solutions: re-examining the data.
Respir Med. 2001 Sep;95(9):728-33. Review.
PMID
11575893
Graf P.
Rhinitis medicamentosa: aspects of pathophysiology and treatment.'
Allergy. 1997;52(40 Suppl):28-34. Review.
PMID
9353558
Graf P.
Rhinitis medicamentosa: a review of causes and treatment.
Treat Respir Med. 2005;4(1):21-9. Review.
PMID
15725047
Chiambaretta F, Pouliquen P, Rigal D.
[Allergy and preservatives. Apropos of 3 cases of allergy to benzalkonium chloride]
J Fr Ophtalmol. 1997;20(1):8-16. Review. French.
PMID
9099278
Armengot M, Basterra J, Garcia-Bartual E. The influence of anesthetics and vasoconstrictors on nasal mucociliary transport. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1989;43(2):149-56. Review. PMID 2481378
Illum L.
Nasal clearance in health and disease.
J Aerosol Med. 2006 Spring;19(1):92-9. Review.
PMID
16551220
"Influence of preservatives and topical steroids on ciliary beat frequency in vitro."
"The preservative benzalkonium chloride effected an irreversible ciliostatic activity already in the concentration of 0.005%." PubMed.
Merge to discuss here. Spyder212 ( talk) 22:05, 29 January 2019 (UTC)
X1\ ( talk) 22:58, 20 November 2019 (UTC)
Hello X1\ - the magazine article is not a good enough source - also tuft cells are usually referred to in the intestine and brush cells in the airway. Am looking at some reviews and hope to add some relevant material soon. Thanks for the suggestion.-- Iztwoz ( talk) 13:46, 24 November 2019 (UTC)
This article is rated C-class on Wikipedia's
content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
There is no such thing as respiratory epithelium in the upper part of the upper respiratory tract, as no epithelia has respiratory function in the pharynx, larynx and nasopharynx, and thus is wrongly named. The distinction should be made, and the correct name is epithelium of the respiratory tract. Not as short and nice, but more correct, I'm taught, as a medical student. Madskile 20:19, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
Many mass-marketed inhaler and nasal spray formulations still contain benzalkonium chloride notwithstanding substantial evidence that it interferes with function of the cilia of the mucociliary escalator for the respiratory epithelium.
66.167.61.217 ( talk) 21:05, 23 May 2010 (UTC)
Benzalkonium chloride damages, and ultimately kills, cilia.
Riechelmann H, Deutschle T, Stuhlmiller A, Gronau S, Bürner H.
Nasal toxicity of benzalkonium chloride.
Am J Rhinol. 2004 Sep-Oct;18(5):291-9.
"CONCLUSION: BAC in concentrations used in nasal preparations is ciliotoxic."
Bernstein IL J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Jan;105(1 Pt 1):39-44. Comment in: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Sep;106(3):595-6.
Is the use of benzalkonium chloride as a preservative for nasal formulations a safety concern? A cautionary note based on compromised mucociliary transport.
...
Rizzo JA, Medeiros D, Silva AR, Sarinho E.
Benzalkonium chloride and nasal mucociliary clearance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blind trial.
Am J Rhinol. 2006 May-Jun;20(3):243-7.
...
Rizzo JA, Medeiros D, Silva AR, Sarinho E.
Benzalkonium chloride and nasal mucociliary clearance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blind trial.
Am J Rhinol. 2006 May-Jun;20(3):243-7.
PMID
16871922
Marple B, Roland P, Benninger M.
Safety review of benzalkonium chloride used as a preservative in intranasal solutions: an overview of conflicting data and opinions.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Jan;130(1):131-41. Review.
PMID
14726922
Verret DJ, Marple BF.
Effect of topical nasal steroid sprays on nasal mucosa and ciliary function.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Feb;13(1):14-8. Review.
PMID
15654209
Graf P.
Benzalkonium chloride as a preservative in nasal solutions: re-examining the data.
Respir Med. 2001 Sep;95(9):728-33. Review.
PMID
11575893
Graf P.
Rhinitis medicamentosa: aspects of pathophysiology and treatment.'
Allergy. 1997;52(40 Suppl):28-34. Review.
PMID
9353558
Graf P.
Rhinitis medicamentosa: a review of causes and treatment.
Treat Respir Med. 2005;4(1):21-9. Review.
PMID
15725047
Chiambaretta F, Pouliquen P, Rigal D.
[Allergy and preservatives. Apropos of 3 cases of allergy to benzalkonium chloride]
J Fr Ophtalmol. 1997;20(1):8-16. Review. French.
PMID
9099278
Armengot M, Basterra J, Garcia-Bartual E. The influence of anesthetics and vasoconstrictors on nasal mucociliary transport. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1989;43(2):149-56. Review. PMID 2481378
Illum L.
Nasal clearance in health and disease.
J Aerosol Med. 2006 Spring;19(1):92-9. Review.
PMID
16551220
"Influence of preservatives and topical steroids on ciliary beat frequency in vitro."
"The preservative benzalkonium chloride effected an irreversible ciliostatic activity already in the concentration of 0.005%." PubMed.
Merge to discuss here. Spyder212 ( talk) 22:05, 29 January 2019 (UTC)
X1\ ( talk) 22:58, 20 November 2019 (UTC)
Hello X1\ - the magazine article is not a good enough source - also tuft cells are usually referred to in the intestine and brush cells in the airway. Am looking at some reviews and hope to add some relevant material soon. Thanks for the suggestion.-- Iztwoz ( talk) 13:46, 24 November 2019 (UTC)