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I'm a student at Imperial College London, participating in a Science Communications module. As part of this, I will be editing this article to include the impacts of ocean acidification on the behaviour of marine organisms. Jbadcock ( talk) 18:13, 7 March 2018 (UTC)
In the light of https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/05/does-ocean-acidification-alter-fish-behavior-fraud-allegations-create-sea-doubt, Distelfinck removed some of this. And then I fiddled. But actually, the entire section seemed dodgy, so I removed the rest [2] William M. Connolley ( talk) 20:09, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
I have a question about these sentences in the lead: Between 1751 and 1996, surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14,
[1] representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans.
[2]
[3] Earth System Models project that, by around 2008, ocean acidity exceeded historical analogues
[4] and, in combination with other ocean
biogeochemical changes, could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean beginning as early as 2100.
[5]
. An external reviewer that I am currently working with asked two questions: "Does there need to be a reminder that the pH scale is logarithmic?". And regarding the statement about the year 2008: "I think this a typo, my reading of this article says the year is 2069". I don't have access to that article in Nature (it's behind a pay wall) so I can't check easily (edit on 14 July: "My mistake it is 2008, the figure of 2069 refers to temperature). Overall, I wonder if the lead is a good summary of the article, and if it has too many paragraphs now. - I came to this via a review of the article on
ocean which uses an excerpt from this article.
EMsmile (
talk)
06:59, 2 July 2021 (UTC)
References
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
I don't think this long and outdated further reading list is helpful for the readers. I suggest to reduce it (or to cull it down to the bare minimum of current overview publications).
EMsmile ( talk) 03:13, 18 August 2021 (UTC)
The article starts with these three sections: 1 Carbon cycle, 2 Acidification, 3 Calcification. I find that a bit confusing. Could we change it to section headings such as Causes, Mechanisms, Effects, Impacts, Predictions and alike? For me it's unclear whether "calcification" is already an effect or the mechanism of ocean acidification. EMsmile ( talk) 03:22, 18 August 2021 (UTC)
I removed this text block from
Effects of climate change on oceans and am wondering if it could be incorporated here or if it's already there or too simplistic? That info about temperature and pH increase could perhaps be added to to the lead?
The rate at which
ocean acidification will occur may be influenced by the rate of surface ocean warming, because the chemical equilibria that govern seawater pH are temperature-dependent.
[1] Greater seawater warming could lead to a smaller change in pH for a given increase in CO2.
[1] Oceans absorb a large portion of the
carbon dioxide (CO2) from the
atmosphere.
[2] Humans have drastically added to the amount of
carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere through the burning of
fossil fuels and the process of
deforestation. Oceans work as a sink absorbing excess
anthropogenic
carbon dioxide (CO2). As the oceans absorb
anthropogenic
carbon dioxide (CO2) it breaks down into
carbonic acid, a mild acid, this neutralizes the normally
alkaline ocean water. As a result, the pH in the oceans is declining (
ocean acidification).
EMsmile (
talk)
04:47, 18 August 2021 (UTC)
References
I've just added a new image about ocean pH and am wondering if it might be a better image for the lead. I find it very clear (and somewhat scary). See on the right. And I am baffled that so few people are taking part in this talk page (see my previous comments & questions above). Ocean acidification is such an important topic. Anyone else out there with an interest to improve this article in the coming months? EMsmile ( talk) 12:24, 6 January 2022 (UTC)
References
For me, ocean acidification is an impact of water pollution. Therefore, I had included a reference to ocean acidification in the article on water pollution but this has been removed by another editor here. The definition of water pollution (first sentence of the article) is "Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities, in such a manner that negatively affects its legitimate uses". That makes ocean acidification either a type of marine pollution, or an impact from marine pollution, right? EMsmile ( talk) 13:38, 6 January 2022 (UTC)
I would like to propose that we take a critical look at the lead and have a think about our target group for the lead of this article (and the main body as well). Do we want to use language that is clear and easy to understand for the general public or is our target group scientists who want to learn more about ocean acidification? I think the former is the case. We had a similar discussion on the talk page of climate change, therefore a friendly ping to User:Dtetta and User:Femkemilene. I would like the first paragraph of the lead to be a little complete mini-article, meaning it should contain a short description of the phenomenon, the causes, the impacts and the possible solution. Why cram this all into the first paragraph? Because the first paragraph is likely to be transcluded as an excerpt in other articles. Also, Alexa, Siri etc. provide the first paragraph for people's search results. It is therefore very important, and - potentially - a low hanging fruit. EMsmile ( talk) 13:32, 6 January 2022 (UTC)
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available
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Articles on the topic may need to be taken with a grain of salt if they're published in glamorous academic journals: Meta-analysis reveals an extreme “decline effect” in the impacts of ocean acidification on fish behavior. Nemo 07:41, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
Can someone provide up to date data and references for this statement: "An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. [1] [2]" Comment by User:Femkemilene was "that upper range is outdated, may be as low as 25%". EMsmile ( talk) 09:59, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
References
Feely04
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
If humans were to add a strong base like sodium hydroxide to the ocean (which, yes, I know, is derived primarily from salt, but there are non-acidic uses of chlorine), what effect would that have on ocean pH? Could a significant addition of such substances (megatons or gigatons) even impact the atmosphere-ocean equilibrium of dissolved carbon? Hobbitschuster ( talk) 15:40, 16 March 2022 (UTC)
An image has original research in speculation of future appearance of shells. SEWilco ( talk) 22:37, 30 July 2022 (UTC)
I am proposing to convert the references style in this article to long references. Currently it uses a mixture: most are in the long ref style but then there are 6 sources in the short ref style. It would be fairly easy to change it over and thus make it consistent (and easier for new editors who want to add new references). Does anyone object? EMsmile ( talk) 21:03, 4 October 2022 (UTC)
Incidentally, the adjoining image, of a pteropod, is claimed to be a victim of acidification but the image is orphaned. The image's source seems to involve a Caribbean study which is difficult to locate, but has also been used in Arctic and Pacific papers without explanation of its acidification process. Technically, that image has a Flickr source but the source's source has vanished. SEWilco ( talk) 14:48, 4 August 2022 (UTC)
We've used the term "organisms that rely on calcium carbonate shells and skeletons, like mollusks, oysters and corals" in the lead. I am wondering if there is a scientific term for them all together? Is it perhaps Crustacean? EMsmile ( talk) 08:36, 4 October 2022 (UTC)
I feel that the first paragraph of the lead needs to be clearer on the human-made causes of ocean acidification. Many readers won't read further than the first paragraph of the lead. Google results bring up the first paragraph of the lead in a preview box. Alexa and Siri read the first paragraphs out aloud. The recent changes by User:Dtetta had omitted the human part from the lead; I've added it back in by moving the sentences about
climate change mitigation from the 4th paragraph to the first. But the original version had even more info on the human caused CO2 emissions in the lead. Compare with the 20 September version:
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the
pH value of the
Earth's
oceans, caused by the uptake of
carbon dioxide (CO2) from the
atmosphere. Modern ocean acidification is caused by the
burning of fossil fuels. As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean also increases.
. I think the new version of the lead is nice and builds up the argument slowly. However, given my concern about the first paragraph being super important I think it needs a little bit of reordering. In my opinion, the first paragraph needs to be a bit like a mini summary of the entire article. It is the most important paragraph of the lead.
EMsmile (
talk)
08:46, 4 October 2022 (UTC)
Present-day (2020) atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels of more than 410 ppm are nearly 50% higher than preindustrial concentrations, and the current elevated levels and rapid growth rates are unprecedented in the past 55 million years of the geological record (1). The source for this excess CO2 is clearly established as human driven, reflecting a mix of anthropogenic fossil fuel, industrial, and land-use/land-change emissions (2). The concept that the ocean acts as a major sink for anthropogenic CO2 has been present in the scientific literature since at least the late 1950s, and multiple lines of evidence, including direct observations of increasing dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) inventories (3), support the finding that the ocean takes up roughly a quarter of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It is also well understood that the additional CO2 in the ocean results in a wholesale shift in seawater acid-base chemistry toward more acidic, lower pH conditions and lower saturation states for carbonate minerals used in many marine organism shells and skeletons (4). Extensive observational systems are now in place or being built for monitoring seawater CO2 chemistry and acidification for both the global open ocean and some coastal systems (5, 6).EMsmile ( talk) 19:26, 24 October 2022 (UTC)
I think we should take out the explicit mention of authors or authoring organisations. Just state the facts and put the reference at the end but there is usually not need to say who authored the study. Even saying "a study found that" is a bit superfluous in many cases. Examples:
Further comments:
Earth's most severe known extinction event, emphasizing that the 2 °C maximum temperature increase agreed upon by governments reflects too small a cut in emissions to prevent "dramatic impacts" on the world's oceans, with lead author Jean-Pierre Gattuso remarking that "The ocean has been minimally considered at previous climate negotiations. Our study provides compelling arguments for a radical change at the UN conference (in Paris) on climate change"."
Hi, a little while ago, I contacted some subject matter experts from the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) and invited them to review this article. They've sent me their comments in a marked up Google doc. Over the course of the next weeks, I'll implement their changes in the Wikipedia article (most of this work will happen only in September as I have a holiday coming up). Here is their overall statement: "The reviewers found that the article, while it was thorough to start, needed updates in order to reflect present scientific agreement and publications, particularly in the former "Geoengineering" section, now "Climate Intervention Section". In particular, a number of graphics were outdated and needed to be replaced with newer publications. The reviewers also removed redundancies that were prevalent in the document." (the names of the reviewers: Gabby Kitch, Libby Jewett, Richard Feely, Abed Hassoun, Katherina Schoo). EMsmile ( talk) 13:46, 12 August 2022 (UTC)
There's a lot of more recent stuff from the GOES Foundation. There are at least three different threats: ocean acidification, microplastics and sun-tan oil chemicals. See also their submission to COP26. (At least we don’t need to worry about climate change!) [3] https://www.goesfoundation.com/reports/ I leave it to somebody who knows more about this than I do to incorporate this. BioImages2000 ( talk) 15:38, 21 November 2022 (UTC)
Hi User:Anteosaurus magnificus, I've just reverted your addition of two more refs about the situation in the geologic past here. I am no expert on this topic but it seemed to me that these refs were rather old (2004 and 2014) and that they were primary sources and that they were no better than the refs already in place. You had also added other references to the same article a few days ago which I reverted. I had also reverted your addition of references in the article effects of climate change on oceans here. What is your reasoning for adding those particular references given the following policies: WP:overcite, WP:RS and WP:PST? EMsmile ( talk) 11:24, 12 December 2022 (UTC)
This text block was at sea. I think we already have the same content here but in case any of the wordings or refs are better and can be integrated, I am putting it here:
"One important element for the formation of skeletal material in marine animals is calcium, but calcium carbonate becomes more soluble with pressure, so carbonate shells and skeletons dissolve below its compensation depth. [1] Calcium carbonate also becomes more soluble at lower pH, so ocean acidification is likely to have profound effects on marine organisms with calcareous shells, such as oysters, clams, sea urchins, and corals, [2] because their ability to form shells will be reduced, [3] and the carbonate compensation depth will rise closer to the sea surface. Affected planktonic organisms will include the snail-like molluscs known as pteropods, and single-celled algae called coccolithophorids and foraminifera. All of these are important parts of the food chain and a diminution in their numbers will have significant consequences. In tropical regions, corals are likely to be severely affected as it becomes more difficult to build their calcium carbonate skeletons, [4] in turn adversely impacting other reef dwellers. [5]" EMsmile ( talk) 09:48, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
References
![]() | This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
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It was pointed out to me that, while the article users doi:10.1029/2004GB002247 (2004), newer data is available from its update GLODAPv2 (2015): [1], doi:10.5194/essd-8-297-2016, doi:10.5194/essd-8-325-2016. -- Nemo 20:39, 27 August 2017 (UTC)
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![]() | This article was the subject of an educational assignment that ended on 22 March 2018. Further details are available here. |
I'm a student at Imperial College London, participating in a Science Communications module. As part of this, I will be editing this article to include the impacts of ocean acidification on the behaviour of marine organisms. Jbadcock ( talk) 18:13, 7 March 2018 (UTC)
In the light of https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/05/does-ocean-acidification-alter-fish-behavior-fraud-allegations-create-sea-doubt, Distelfinck removed some of this. And then I fiddled. But actually, the entire section seemed dodgy, so I removed the rest [2] William M. Connolley ( talk) 20:09, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
I have a question about these sentences in the lead: Between 1751 and 1996, surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14,
[1] representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans.
[2]
[3] Earth System Models project that, by around 2008, ocean acidity exceeded historical analogues
[4] and, in combination with other ocean
biogeochemical changes, could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean beginning as early as 2100.
[5]
. An external reviewer that I am currently working with asked two questions: "Does there need to be a reminder that the pH scale is logarithmic?". And regarding the statement about the year 2008: "I think this a typo, my reading of this article says the year is 2069". I don't have access to that article in Nature (it's behind a pay wall) so I can't check easily (edit on 14 July: "My mistake it is 2008, the figure of 2069 refers to temperature). Overall, I wonder if the lead is a good summary of the article, and if it has too many paragraphs now. - I came to this via a review of the article on
ocean which uses an excerpt from this article.
EMsmile (
talk)
06:59, 2 July 2021 (UTC)
References
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
I don't think this long and outdated further reading list is helpful for the readers. I suggest to reduce it (or to cull it down to the bare minimum of current overview publications).
EMsmile ( talk) 03:13, 18 August 2021 (UTC)
The article starts with these three sections: 1 Carbon cycle, 2 Acidification, 3 Calcification. I find that a bit confusing. Could we change it to section headings such as Causes, Mechanisms, Effects, Impacts, Predictions and alike? For me it's unclear whether "calcification" is already an effect or the mechanism of ocean acidification. EMsmile ( talk) 03:22, 18 August 2021 (UTC)
I removed this text block from
Effects of climate change on oceans and am wondering if it could be incorporated here or if it's already there or too simplistic? That info about temperature and pH increase could perhaps be added to to the lead?
The rate at which
ocean acidification will occur may be influenced by the rate of surface ocean warming, because the chemical equilibria that govern seawater pH are temperature-dependent.
[1] Greater seawater warming could lead to a smaller change in pH for a given increase in CO2.
[1] Oceans absorb a large portion of the
carbon dioxide (CO2) from the
atmosphere.
[2] Humans have drastically added to the amount of
carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere through the burning of
fossil fuels and the process of
deforestation. Oceans work as a sink absorbing excess
anthropogenic
carbon dioxide (CO2). As the oceans absorb
anthropogenic
carbon dioxide (CO2) it breaks down into
carbonic acid, a mild acid, this neutralizes the normally
alkaline ocean water. As a result, the pH in the oceans is declining (
ocean acidification).
EMsmile (
talk)
04:47, 18 August 2021 (UTC)
References
I've just added a new image about ocean pH and am wondering if it might be a better image for the lead. I find it very clear (and somewhat scary). See on the right. And I am baffled that so few people are taking part in this talk page (see my previous comments & questions above). Ocean acidification is such an important topic. Anyone else out there with an interest to improve this article in the coming months? EMsmile ( talk) 12:24, 6 January 2022 (UTC)
References
For me, ocean acidification is an impact of water pollution. Therefore, I had included a reference to ocean acidification in the article on water pollution but this has been removed by another editor here. The definition of water pollution (first sentence of the article) is "Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities, in such a manner that negatively affects its legitimate uses". That makes ocean acidification either a type of marine pollution, or an impact from marine pollution, right? EMsmile ( talk) 13:38, 6 January 2022 (UTC)
I would like to propose that we take a critical look at the lead and have a think about our target group for the lead of this article (and the main body as well). Do we want to use language that is clear and easy to understand for the general public or is our target group scientists who want to learn more about ocean acidification? I think the former is the case. We had a similar discussion on the talk page of climate change, therefore a friendly ping to User:Dtetta and User:Femkemilene. I would like the first paragraph of the lead to be a little complete mini-article, meaning it should contain a short description of the phenomenon, the causes, the impacts and the possible solution. Why cram this all into the first paragraph? Because the first paragraph is likely to be transcluded as an excerpt in other articles. Also, Alexa, Siri etc. provide the first paragraph for people's search results. It is therefore very important, and - potentially - a low hanging fruit. EMsmile ( talk) 13:32, 6 January 2022 (UTC)
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available
on the course page. Student editor(s):
Honeybadgerdontcare.
Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT ( talk) 05:34, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 24 August 2021 and 20 December 2021. Further details are available
on the course page. Student editor(s):
Mhogan170.
Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT ( talk) 01:48, 18 January 2022 (UTC)
Articles on the topic may need to be taken with a grain of salt if they're published in glamorous academic journals: Meta-analysis reveals an extreme “decline effect” in the impacts of ocean acidification on fish behavior. Nemo 07:41, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
Can someone provide up to date data and references for this statement: "An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. [1] [2]" Comment by User:Femkemilene was "that upper range is outdated, may be as low as 25%". EMsmile ( talk) 09:59, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
References
Feely04
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
If humans were to add a strong base like sodium hydroxide to the ocean (which, yes, I know, is derived primarily from salt, but there are non-acidic uses of chlorine), what effect would that have on ocean pH? Could a significant addition of such substances (megatons or gigatons) even impact the atmosphere-ocean equilibrium of dissolved carbon? Hobbitschuster ( talk) 15:40, 16 March 2022 (UTC)
An image has original research in speculation of future appearance of shells. SEWilco ( talk) 22:37, 30 July 2022 (UTC)
I am proposing to convert the references style in this article to long references. Currently it uses a mixture: most are in the long ref style but then there are 6 sources in the short ref style. It would be fairly easy to change it over and thus make it consistent (and easier for new editors who want to add new references). Does anyone object? EMsmile ( talk) 21:03, 4 October 2022 (UTC)
Incidentally, the adjoining image, of a pteropod, is claimed to be a victim of acidification but the image is orphaned. The image's source seems to involve a Caribbean study which is difficult to locate, but has also been used in Arctic and Pacific papers without explanation of its acidification process. Technically, that image has a Flickr source but the source's source has vanished. SEWilco ( talk) 14:48, 4 August 2022 (UTC)
We've used the term "organisms that rely on calcium carbonate shells and skeletons, like mollusks, oysters and corals" in the lead. I am wondering if there is a scientific term for them all together? Is it perhaps Crustacean? EMsmile ( talk) 08:36, 4 October 2022 (UTC)
I feel that the first paragraph of the lead needs to be clearer on the human-made causes of ocean acidification. Many readers won't read further than the first paragraph of the lead. Google results bring up the first paragraph of the lead in a preview box. Alexa and Siri read the first paragraphs out aloud. The recent changes by User:Dtetta had omitted the human part from the lead; I've added it back in by moving the sentences about
climate change mitigation from the 4th paragraph to the first. But the original version had even more info on the human caused CO2 emissions in the lead. Compare with the 20 September version:
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the
pH value of the
Earth's
oceans, caused by the uptake of
carbon dioxide (CO2) from the
atmosphere. Modern ocean acidification is caused by the
burning of fossil fuels. As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean also increases.
. I think the new version of the lead is nice and builds up the argument slowly. However, given my concern about the first paragraph being super important I think it needs a little bit of reordering. In my opinion, the first paragraph needs to be a bit like a mini summary of the entire article. It is the most important paragraph of the lead.
EMsmile (
talk)
08:46, 4 October 2022 (UTC)
Present-day (2020) atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels of more than 410 ppm are nearly 50% higher than preindustrial concentrations, and the current elevated levels and rapid growth rates are unprecedented in the past 55 million years of the geological record (1). The source for this excess CO2 is clearly established as human driven, reflecting a mix of anthropogenic fossil fuel, industrial, and land-use/land-change emissions (2). The concept that the ocean acts as a major sink for anthropogenic CO2 has been present in the scientific literature since at least the late 1950s, and multiple lines of evidence, including direct observations of increasing dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) inventories (3), support the finding that the ocean takes up roughly a quarter of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It is also well understood that the additional CO2 in the ocean results in a wholesale shift in seawater acid-base chemistry toward more acidic, lower pH conditions and lower saturation states for carbonate minerals used in many marine organism shells and skeletons (4). Extensive observational systems are now in place or being built for monitoring seawater CO2 chemistry and acidification for both the global open ocean and some coastal systems (5, 6).EMsmile ( talk) 19:26, 24 October 2022 (UTC)
I think we should take out the explicit mention of authors or authoring organisations. Just state the facts and put the reference at the end but there is usually not need to say who authored the study. Even saying "a study found that" is a bit superfluous in many cases. Examples:
Further comments:
Earth's most severe known extinction event, emphasizing that the 2 °C maximum temperature increase agreed upon by governments reflects too small a cut in emissions to prevent "dramatic impacts" on the world's oceans, with lead author Jean-Pierre Gattuso remarking that "The ocean has been minimally considered at previous climate negotiations. Our study provides compelling arguments for a radical change at the UN conference (in Paris) on climate change"."
Hi, a little while ago, I contacted some subject matter experts from the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) and invited them to review this article. They've sent me their comments in a marked up Google doc. Over the course of the next weeks, I'll implement their changes in the Wikipedia article (most of this work will happen only in September as I have a holiday coming up). Here is their overall statement: "The reviewers found that the article, while it was thorough to start, needed updates in order to reflect present scientific agreement and publications, particularly in the former "Geoengineering" section, now "Climate Intervention Section". In particular, a number of graphics were outdated and needed to be replaced with newer publications. The reviewers also removed redundancies that were prevalent in the document." (the names of the reviewers: Gabby Kitch, Libby Jewett, Richard Feely, Abed Hassoun, Katherina Schoo). EMsmile ( talk) 13:46, 12 August 2022 (UTC)
There's a lot of more recent stuff from the GOES Foundation. There are at least three different threats: ocean acidification, microplastics and sun-tan oil chemicals. See also their submission to COP26. (At least we don’t need to worry about climate change!) [3] https://www.goesfoundation.com/reports/ I leave it to somebody who knows more about this than I do to incorporate this. BioImages2000 ( talk) 15:38, 21 November 2022 (UTC)
Hi User:Anteosaurus magnificus, I've just reverted your addition of two more refs about the situation in the geologic past here. I am no expert on this topic but it seemed to me that these refs were rather old (2004 and 2014) and that they were primary sources and that they were no better than the refs already in place. You had also added other references to the same article a few days ago which I reverted. I had also reverted your addition of references in the article effects of climate change on oceans here. What is your reasoning for adding those particular references given the following policies: WP:overcite, WP:RS and WP:PST? EMsmile ( talk) 11:24, 12 December 2022 (UTC)
This text block was at sea. I think we already have the same content here but in case any of the wordings or refs are better and can be integrated, I am putting it here:
"One important element for the formation of skeletal material in marine animals is calcium, but calcium carbonate becomes more soluble with pressure, so carbonate shells and skeletons dissolve below its compensation depth. [1] Calcium carbonate also becomes more soluble at lower pH, so ocean acidification is likely to have profound effects on marine organisms with calcareous shells, such as oysters, clams, sea urchins, and corals, [2] because their ability to form shells will be reduced, [3] and the carbonate compensation depth will rise closer to the sea surface. Affected planktonic organisms will include the snail-like molluscs known as pteropods, and single-celled algae called coccolithophorids and foraminifera. All of these are important parts of the food chain and a diminution in their numbers will have significant consequences. In tropical regions, corals are likely to be severely affected as it becomes more difficult to build their calcium carbonate skeletons, [4] in turn adversely impacting other reef dwellers. [5]" EMsmile ( talk) 09:48, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
References