Islamic architecture ( Arabic عمارة إسلامية) has encompassed a wide range of both secular and religious architectural styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day, influencing the design and construction of buildings and structures within the sphere of Islamic culture. [1]
The principle architectural types of Islamic architecture are; the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. From these four types, the vocabularly of Islamic architecture is derived and used for buildings of lesser importance such as Public baths, Fountains and domestic architecture. [2]
In 630 C.E. Muhammad's army reconquered the city of Mecca from the Banu Quraish tribe. The holy sanctuary of Ka'ba was rebuilt and re-dedicated to Islam, the reconstruction being carried out before Muhammad's death in 632C.E. by a shipwrecked Abyssinian carpenter in his native style. This sanctuary was amongst the first major works of Islamic architecture. The walls were decorated with paintings of Jesus, Mary, Abraham, prophets, angels and trees. Later doctrines of Islam dating from the eighth century and originating from the Hadith, forbade the use of such icons in architecture, specifically those of humans and animals. [2]
A specifically recognisable Islamic architectural style developed soon after the time of the Prophet Muhammad, developing from Roman, Egyptian, Persian/ Sassanid, and Byzantine models. An early example may be identified as early as 691 AD with the completion of the Dome of the Rock (Qubbat al-Sakhrah) in Jerusalem. It featured interior vaulted spaces, a circular dome, and the use of stylized repeating decorative patterns ( arabesque).
In the 7th century, Muslim armies invaded and conquered a huge expanse of land. Once the Muslims had taken control of a region, their first need was for somewhere to worship - a mosque. The simple layout provided elements that were to be incorporated into all mosques and the early Muslims put up simple buildings based on the model of the Prophet's house or adapted existing buildings, such as churches for their own use.
The Great Mosque of Samarra in Iraq, completed in 847 AD, combined the hypostyle architecture of rows of columns supporting a flat base above which a huge spiraling minaret was constructed.
The
Hagia Sophia in
Istanbul also influenced Islamic architecture. When the
Ottomans captured the city from the
Byzantines, they converted the
basilica to a
mosque (now a museum) and incorporated
Byzantine architectural elements into their own work (e.g.
domes). The Hagia Sophia also served as model for many of the Ottoman mosques such as the Shehzade Mosque, the
Suleiman Mosque, and the
Rüstem Pasha Mosque.
Islamic architecture may be identified with the following design elements, which were inherited from the first mosque built by
Muhammad in
Medina, as well as from other pre-Islamic features adapted from churches, temples and synagogues. Byzantine architecture had a great influence on early Islamic architecture with its characteristic round arches, vaults and domes.
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ar:عمارة إسلامية cs:Islámská architektura de:Islamische Architektur fr:Architecture islamique it:Architettura islamica he:אדריכלות איסלאמית pl:Architektura islamu pt:Arquitectura islâmica sv:Islamisk arkitektur tr:İslami mimari
Islamic architecture ( Arabic عمارة إسلامية) has encompassed a wide range of both secular and religious architectural styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day, influencing the design and construction of buildings and structures within the sphere of Islamic culture. [1]
The principle architectural types of Islamic architecture are; the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. From these four types, the vocabularly of Islamic architecture is derived and used for buildings of lesser importance such as Public baths, Fountains and domestic architecture. [2]
In 630 C.E. Muhammad's army reconquered the city of Mecca from the Banu Quraish tribe. The holy sanctuary of Ka'ba was rebuilt and re-dedicated to Islam, the reconstruction being carried out before Muhammad's death in 632C.E. by a shipwrecked Abyssinian carpenter in his native style. This sanctuary was amongst the first major works of Islamic architecture. The walls were decorated with paintings of Jesus, Mary, Abraham, prophets, angels and trees. Later doctrines of Islam dating from the eighth century and originating from the Hadith, forbade the use of such icons in architecture, specifically those of humans and animals. [2]
A specifically recognisable Islamic architectural style developed soon after the time of the Prophet Muhammad, developing from Roman, Egyptian, Persian/ Sassanid, and Byzantine models. An early example may be identified as early as 691 AD with the completion of the Dome of the Rock (Qubbat al-Sakhrah) in Jerusalem. It featured interior vaulted spaces, a circular dome, and the use of stylized repeating decorative patterns ( arabesque).
In the 7th century, Muslim armies invaded and conquered a huge expanse of land. Once the Muslims had taken control of a region, their first need was for somewhere to worship - a mosque. The simple layout provided elements that were to be incorporated into all mosques and the early Muslims put up simple buildings based on the model of the Prophet's house or adapted existing buildings, such as churches for their own use.
The Great Mosque of Samarra in Iraq, completed in 847 AD, combined the hypostyle architecture of rows of columns supporting a flat base above which a huge spiraling minaret was constructed.
The
Hagia Sophia in
Istanbul also influenced Islamic architecture. When the
Ottomans captured the city from the
Byzantines, they converted the
basilica to a
mosque (now a museum) and incorporated
Byzantine architectural elements into their own work (e.g.
domes). The Hagia Sophia also served as model for many of the Ottoman mosques such as the Shehzade Mosque, the
Suleiman Mosque, and the
Rüstem Pasha Mosque.
Islamic architecture may be identified with the following design elements, which were inherited from the first mosque built by
Muhammad in
Medina, as well as from other pre-Islamic features adapted from churches, temples and synagogues. Byzantine architecture had a great influence on early Islamic architecture with its characteristic round arches, vaults and domes.
{{
cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (
link){{
cite book}}
: |format=
requires |url=
(
help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessyear=
, |origmonth=
, |accessmonth=
, |month=
, |chapterurl=
, and |coauthors=
(
help); Unknown parameter |origdate=
ignored (|orig-date=
suggested) (
help)Category:Religious architecture
ar:عمارة إسلامية cs:Islámská architektura de:Islamische Architektur fr:Architecture islamique it:Architettura islamica he:אדריכלות איסלאמית pl:Architektura islamu pt:Arquitectura islâmica sv:Islamisk arkitektur tr:İslami mimari