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It appears that the "w" symbol used in the derivation of the Hall voltage is not defined. Also, the q=-q and v=-v equations are nonsensical. It's understood that the charge and velocities are the inverse of a classical, positive charge. But, we need to introduce alternate symbols vs. simply negating the ones already in use. B is not defined in this article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andyberks ( talk • contribs) 01:56, 22 September 2022 (UTC)
Hi fellow wikipedians! I've just uploaded a large, detailed illustration of the Hall effect to Commons - see Image:Hall_effect.png -- Peo from danish Wikipedia
Nice!!-- Krackpipe 18:07, 10 May 2005 (UTC)
The diagram is great! excellent addition to the article Kupojsin 11:59, 2 February 2007 (UTC)
What is the symbol for a Hall effect sensor (3 wire type) for use in a schematic diagram ? - Joshua Hrouda, 26/7/05
A full range of Hall Effect related articles at: http://www.bbautomacao.com/Sensors.htm
Some of the diagrams on the site belong to a company ( Raztec). Something should probably be done about this.
most likely the now unavailable (on their site) diagrams were stolen from wikipedia
How does the Hall voltage build up if only one type of charge accumulates at one side of the conductor? For example, electric current is the flow of electrons so they deviate from their 'normal' path and 'rush' to one side of the conductor. But where does the positive charge to accumulate at the opposite side of the conductor come from? RokasT 11:32, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
Thanks for your explanation. ;-) RokasT 20:54, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
One more question: If holes moving in say the +y direction are viewed as actually electrons moving in the -y direction, the polarity of the hall voltage generated is the opposite! Especially since electrons exist physically whereas holes only represent absence of electrons. This means n and p semiconductors should show identical polarity in the hall effect experiment, which is not so as demonstrated by experiment. What explains this? Thanks. -AK 220.225.214.2 ( talk) 10:20, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
This confused me for awhile too. Holes moving in +y are really electrons moving in -y direction. However, those electrons actually have negative Effective mass and so are deflected in the opposite direction by the magnetic field. I found this paper http://www.journal.lapen.org.mx/jan09/LAJPE%20225%20Lianxi%20Ma%20Preprint%20f.pdf to be useful. I was considering making an edit to the page to explain this. Kiracofe8 ( talk) 16:39, 23 March 2009 (UTC)
I think most people see the picture and think "But what about holes?" and incorrectly assume holes are coming from the same +x direction as the electrons. However, the current is the same, and because holes have a positive charge they wouldn't be coming from the +x direction, they would be coming from the -x direction. These holes would be feel a force in the -y direction initially, and so you have a buildup of positive charge at the -y end of the material, giving a Hall voltage with an opposite side. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.180.246.108 ( talk) 15:40, 22 May 2013 (UTC)
Please read this paper here: http://gcdcc.hebut.edu.cn/ydzl/19-Correction%20to%20the%20classical%20two-species%20Hall%20Coefficient%20using%20twoport%20network%20theory.pdf
where Prof de Paor says "It came as a great shock...to discover that the classical expression for the two-species Hall Coefficient is incorrect due to unjustified neglect of terms in the derivation. However, it is of great interest to observe that the expression derived here approximates the old at sufficiently low magnetic field strengths, for that indicates that under certain conditions, clearly stated here, the terms neglected without comment by earlier authors are in fact negligible. From the educational point of view it seems surely desirable that students should be aware of the correct expression", and he of course derives the correct expression. Could someone please review that, and incorporate in the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Donn300 ( talk • contribs) 20:26, 10 January 2014 (UTC)
Why isn't the Hall coefficient mentioned? RH = 1/ne -- 82.43.144.131 18:01, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
This question is relevant to many articles in electromagnetism but here is as a good a place as any to bring it up: doesn't the Hall effect have to obey symmetry? E.g. if I reflect (in some horizontal axis) the system from that nice picture in the article, shouldn't the reflection also have the negative charge at the top of the Hall element? According to the theory, no (see parts B and C from that image). I know that the Right-Hand-Rule and vector cross-product come into this but these don't seem to be adequate explanations. I say this not to claim that all the physicists in the world are wrong and I'm right (I would far sooner take their word than mine!) but to ask whether it might be better explained (not necessarily in this article). There must at least some others who get confused about this point.-- Ejrh 10:39, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
The Hall Resistance / Conductance is not defined in this article. I assume it's ratio of Hall (tranverse) voltage to current. It's important because the Quantum Hall effect does not reference to what is actually quantized.
I think the article "Hall Resistance" should be created. 74.102.181.37 06:37, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
I came here to say the same. Hall Conductivity has a link to Hall effect in the Quantum Hall effect article, but it is not defined in this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.188.0.22 ( talk) 17:59, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
I came here for the same reason. The phrase "Hall resistivity" does not seem to be common on the web, and I didn't understand it. 68.175.114.223 ( talk) 19:19, 10 May 2014 (UTC)Josh Rubin
When I rotate the yellow image below, it apprears to match image "D" above, except the hall voltage polarity appears reversed. ````Harold````
It is mentioned that the magnitude of the effect is dependent on the type of material (as well as the thickness, current, etc.) I tried building one using a sheet of "1 ounce" copper on fiberglass. I was not able to observe any such effect. Is copper insensitive for this application? The commercial sensors seem to be made of silicon (for obvious reasons), but my understanding is that the material does not have to be a semiconductor. Plus, with a metal I can use much higher currents, which should result in a greater signal/noise ratio (sensitivity).
My point is: there should be information about the types of materials and their Hall output.
169.237.215.179 19:50, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
Another advantage of hall devices is that they are devoid of the contact 'bounce' of mechanical switches. Switch bounce can cause confusion in digital circuits. I don't have a reference source on this, however. LorenzoB 17:45, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
But I think this is somehow well-known within the field of electronics. Does this exempt the citation?-- 113.252.82.168 ( talk) 11:59, 17 April 2010 (UTC)
A spark accelerator is an alternative. It is a simple button for uphill climbs, relevant in electric vehicles. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.255.42.105 ( talk) 19:57, 4 October 2011 (UTC)
There should be some mention of the use of hall effect sensors for the detection of lid closure in consumer electronics devices. The Nintendo DS & DS Lite for example use the fixed magnet in the right speaker to trigger a hall effect sensor near the Y button. MacBooks use the magnets that hold the lid closed to trigger a sensor near the bottom-left corner of the keyboard. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.114.60.119 ( talk) 21:28, 17 December 2007 (UTC)
Why do we not list typical values of the Hall coefficient for various materials at room temperature? I've also had difficulty finding them online ... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Newagelink ( talk • contribs) 04:46, 17 March 2008 (UTC)
It is written that hall effect shows why it makes sense to think of charge being carried by holes in semiconductors. How so? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rainmanthe ( talk • contribs) 15:19, 29 April 2008 (UTC)
The sign of the Hall voltage depends on the sign of the charge carrier. Holes are positive carriers and electrons are negative carriers. So when they get a Hall voltage for a p-type semiconductor (holes) that is opposite in sign from an n-type semiconductor (electrons), that indicates that in the p-type semiconductor the current is carried by holes which are positively charged. Bob K31416 ( talk) 08:13, 6 July 2008 (UTC)
I found this very nice picture about Hall-effect ion engine thruster being test-fired for ESA's SMART-1 mission at ESA: http://www.esa.int/esaHS/ESAO4S0VMOC_exploration_1.html (there is a Back to article button too) Would someone write about it? -- Ernobius ( talk) 06:54, 10 July 2008 (UTC)
The Hall effect diagram in drawing "A", for example, at the beginning of the article may not be a good representation of the flow of electrons in the Hall element. It shows electrons flowing in a curved narrrow beam rather than flowing throughout the Hall element with many microscopic collisions that have electrons moving in all directions, which is the case of a usual Hall element that is a solid. See for example the diagram of electron motion in the discussion of the Microscopic View of Ohm's Law. What the applied electric field does is cause a perturbation of the random electron motion between collisions so that there is a net electron flow that is parallel to the electric field and in the opposite direction. This net electron flow corresponds to the electron drift velocity. What the applied magnetic field does is add an even smaller perturbation that would result initially in a tiny net vertical component of electron flow that results in a Hall field. All this is happening while the electrons undergo nearly random motion from the many microscopic collisions that they undergo. -- Bob K31416 ( talk) 04:29, 28 July 2008 (UTC)
Would Hall Effect be seen in a perfect conductor? How Would Be The Electric Filed be Directed inside the Perfect conductor? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.95.68.188 ( talk) 04:42, 11 March 2009 (UTC)
I just had a discussion with my professor, who stated that the hall effect is NOT due to the curving of the current path due to the magnetic field, but in fact the current path DOES NOT curve at all because the lattice of the conductor prevents it from doing so. Instead, the hall effect is due to a reorganization of the electrons in the conductor so that the total electromagnetic force is zero in the transverse (perpendicular) direction. in effect, this just means that there would be an asymetric current density as you look up and down the conductor. If this is the case, then this article needs to be severely modified (including the images), so i would appreciate it greatly if some of you would discuss this problem before i make any attempts at editing the article. Pjbeierle ( talk) 19:48, 8 March 2010 (UTC)
i have a problem, we are talking that the hall voltage is produced in p type semi conductors due to the force acting on the holes, but how can consider that a force acting on an empty space (actually hole is an empty space, hole is an imaginary concept,(in p type semi conductors we consider the moving of electrons as moving of holes in opposite direction relatively.)). my question is how can we consider the holes as particles? and how a force acting on a hole?
please give me an explanation on this matter. jj shan. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jj shan ( talk • contribs) 05:11, 19 April 2011 (UTC)
The "theory" section defines current as: "Current consists of the movement of many small charge carriers, typically electrons, holes, ions (see Electromigration) or all three." But as the previous two posters have noted, holes are a convienient fiction and current generated by 'moving holes' is really generated by moving electrons. I propose we remove 'holes' from this definition because it unnecessarily complicates the definition. -alex — Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.26.178.108 ( talk) 16:08, 22 May 2012 (UTC)
According to Mirmin book, it should be H instead of B. Since the book is a legend on Crystalography and solid state physics, I believe that the error is on this page. Spiralciric ( talk) 19:12, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
Hi! I created this diagram:
Which is based on this one: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stromwandler_Zeichnung.svg
Not used to editing wiki pages so I'll leave that to someone else :D — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dracheschreck ( talk • contribs) 19:34, 11 June 2013 (UTC)
In discussing equations, it is customary to indicate what all the variables represent just before or immediately after their introduction to the text. In this article, there is no mention that "B" represents the magnetic field until the section on "Hall effect in ionized gases", even though it is used in the first equation(s). Wleroydavis ( talk) 19:52, 14 March 2016 (UTC)
Tangentially, when the variables are stated, having them be equations makes awkward line breaks (at least in mobile). I think they should be plain text if it's impossible to make them both equations and integrated into other text without newlines. Gvprtskvnis ( talk) 18:34, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
The comment(s) below were originally left at Talk:Hall effect/Comments, and are posted here for posterity. Following several discussions in past years, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.
When I take the yellow image below, and rotate it clockwise 90 degrees, it appears to resemble image "D" above. Except that the Hall voltage polarity is oppposite that of image "D".
Under the "Discovery" section it says "The Hall effect was discovered in 1879 by Edwin Herbert Hall while working on his doctoral degree at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. His measurements of the tiny effect produced in the apparatus he used was an experimental tour de force, accomplished 18 years before." This statement likely requires some explanation to put it into proper context. Further more the hanging "accomplished 18 years before." needs to be addressed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.119.52.165 ( talk) 19:09, 13 July 2010 (UTC) |
Last edited at 19:09, 13 July 2010 (UTC). Substituted at 17:01, 29 April 2016 (UTC)
I've read enough about the Hall effect to know that this wikipedia article is simply wrong in many spots and any sane, literate person who has actually read a handful of references would know this too.
For example, see Solid State Physics (Ashcroft/Mermin 1976) pages 11-12 on the Hall effect. Or just google some other reference:
https://books.google.com/books?id=tUEoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false — Preceding unsigned comment added by 143.215.119.98 ( talk) 14:56, 3 March 2018 (UTC)
It seems that Beryllium, Cadmium, Cerium, Iron, Molybdenum, Tungsten, and a few other metals, have positive Hall coefficients. With one valence electron, it is most likely to have a half full band. (Complicated by crystal symmetry and such, but usually ...) With two valence electrons, it could be a full band (insulator), or two bands more and less than half full. Note also that the metals with positive Hall coefficient also tend to have high resistivity. With one hole and one electron band, the sign will depend on which one is more, and which one is less, than half full, and the mobilities in each. Aluminum has three valance electrons, which can partially fill three bands. So, some hole and some electron bands, and they change with magnetic field. At high magnetic field, Hc of Al goes positive, but is always the result of both holes and electrons. Gah4 ( talk) 18:21, 12 April 2018 (UTC)
Can someone check the recent changes regarding sign? It should work out that for negative charge carriers (electrons) the Hall coefficient and Hall voltage are negative. I believe that is the usual definition for Hall voltage, but also that it differs from the picture. Gah4 ( talk) 23:57, 22 September 2018 (UTC)
Hello, We are students from the last course of the Physics degree and we are studying Hall effect using matrix formalism. We have been asked by our teacher to modify the article about Hall effect as a way to evaluate us. We would like to add a new section at the theory section that is about matrix formalism in 2D system. It would be a pleasure to do it.
Regards -- Alba Cazorla ( talk) 09:53, 18 May 2020 (UTC)
The Hall Effect animation WebM file is not playing in the Wikipedia mobile App version in IOS 15.4.1
It plays as desktop/mobile websites but not within the app itself. Without being a developer, I’d lean towards it being the App itself not talking to the IOS decoders.
* Note *
I read in the FAQ about videos in IOS that there’s still issues with Apple IOS. I know Wikipedia uses open source such as WebM, but as there’s hundreds of millions of us using iPhones/iPads, maybe an H.264 video coding format is better.
2601:44:4380:E810:A02C:6484:8228:C57B ( talk) 07:47, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
The "Applications" of the Hall effect can be simply said to be the Hall effect sensor. Thus everything that is currently in Hall effect#Applications can simply be cut and pasted into Hall effect sensor#Applications. The scope of this Hall effect article can then just focus on the theory of the Hall effect (and related effects like Quantum effect and Corbino effect). Em3rgent0rdr ( talk) 01:02, 29 December 2023 (UTC)
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It appears that the "w" symbol used in the derivation of the Hall voltage is not defined. Also, the q=-q and v=-v equations are nonsensical. It's understood that the charge and velocities are the inverse of a classical, positive charge. But, we need to introduce alternate symbols vs. simply negating the ones already in use. B is not defined in this article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andyberks ( talk • contribs) 01:56, 22 September 2022 (UTC)
Hi fellow wikipedians! I've just uploaded a large, detailed illustration of the Hall effect to Commons - see Image:Hall_effect.png -- Peo from danish Wikipedia
Nice!!-- Krackpipe 18:07, 10 May 2005 (UTC)
The diagram is great! excellent addition to the article Kupojsin 11:59, 2 February 2007 (UTC)
What is the symbol for a Hall effect sensor (3 wire type) for use in a schematic diagram ? - Joshua Hrouda, 26/7/05
A full range of Hall Effect related articles at: http://www.bbautomacao.com/Sensors.htm
Some of the diagrams on the site belong to a company ( Raztec). Something should probably be done about this.
most likely the now unavailable (on their site) diagrams were stolen from wikipedia
How does the Hall voltage build up if only one type of charge accumulates at one side of the conductor? For example, electric current is the flow of electrons so they deviate from their 'normal' path and 'rush' to one side of the conductor. But where does the positive charge to accumulate at the opposite side of the conductor come from? RokasT 11:32, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
Thanks for your explanation. ;-) RokasT 20:54, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
One more question: If holes moving in say the +y direction are viewed as actually electrons moving in the -y direction, the polarity of the hall voltage generated is the opposite! Especially since electrons exist physically whereas holes only represent absence of electrons. This means n and p semiconductors should show identical polarity in the hall effect experiment, which is not so as demonstrated by experiment. What explains this? Thanks. -AK 220.225.214.2 ( talk) 10:20, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
This confused me for awhile too. Holes moving in +y are really electrons moving in -y direction. However, those electrons actually have negative Effective mass and so are deflected in the opposite direction by the magnetic field. I found this paper http://www.journal.lapen.org.mx/jan09/LAJPE%20225%20Lianxi%20Ma%20Preprint%20f.pdf to be useful. I was considering making an edit to the page to explain this. Kiracofe8 ( talk) 16:39, 23 March 2009 (UTC)
I think most people see the picture and think "But what about holes?" and incorrectly assume holes are coming from the same +x direction as the electrons. However, the current is the same, and because holes have a positive charge they wouldn't be coming from the +x direction, they would be coming from the -x direction. These holes would be feel a force in the -y direction initially, and so you have a buildup of positive charge at the -y end of the material, giving a Hall voltage with an opposite side. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.180.246.108 ( talk) 15:40, 22 May 2013 (UTC)
Please read this paper here: http://gcdcc.hebut.edu.cn/ydzl/19-Correction%20to%20the%20classical%20two-species%20Hall%20Coefficient%20using%20twoport%20network%20theory.pdf
where Prof de Paor says "It came as a great shock...to discover that the classical expression for the two-species Hall Coefficient is incorrect due to unjustified neglect of terms in the derivation. However, it is of great interest to observe that the expression derived here approximates the old at sufficiently low magnetic field strengths, for that indicates that under certain conditions, clearly stated here, the terms neglected without comment by earlier authors are in fact negligible. From the educational point of view it seems surely desirable that students should be aware of the correct expression", and he of course derives the correct expression. Could someone please review that, and incorporate in the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Donn300 ( talk • contribs) 20:26, 10 January 2014 (UTC)
Why isn't the Hall coefficient mentioned? RH = 1/ne -- 82.43.144.131 18:01, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
This question is relevant to many articles in electromagnetism but here is as a good a place as any to bring it up: doesn't the Hall effect have to obey symmetry? E.g. if I reflect (in some horizontal axis) the system from that nice picture in the article, shouldn't the reflection also have the negative charge at the top of the Hall element? According to the theory, no (see parts B and C from that image). I know that the Right-Hand-Rule and vector cross-product come into this but these don't seem to be adequate explanations. I say this not to claim that all the physicists in the world are wrong and I'm right (I would far sooner take their word than mine!) but to ask whether it might be better explained (not necessarily in this article). There must at least some others who get confused about this point.-- Ejrh 10:39, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
The Hall Resistance / Conductance is not defined in this article. I assume it's ratio of Hall (tranverse) voltage to current. It's important because the Quantum Hall effect does not reference to what is actually quantized.
I think the article "Hall Resistance" should be created. 74.102.181.37 06:37, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
I came here to say the same. Hall Conductivity has a link to Hall effect in the Quantum Hall effect article, but it is not defined in this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.188.0.22 ( talk) 17:59, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
I came here for the same reason. The phrase "Hall resistivity" does not seem to be common on the web, and I didn't understand it. 68.175.114.223 ( talk) 19:19, 10 May 2014 (UTC)Josh Rubin
When I rotate the yellow image below, it apprears to match image "D" above, except the hall voltage polarity appears reversed. ````Harold````
It is mentioned that the magnitude of the effect is dependent on the type of material (as well as the thickness, current, etc.) I tried building one using a sheet of "1 ounce" copper on fiberglass. I was not able to observe any such effect. Is copper insensitive for this application? The commercial sensors seem to be made of silicon (for obvious reasons), but my understanding is that the material does not have to be a semiconductor. Plus, with a metal I can use much higher currents, which should result in a greater signal/noise ratio (sensitivity).
My point is: there should be information about the types of materials and their Hall output.
169.237.215.179 19:50, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
Another advantage of hall devices is that they are devoid of the contact 'bounce' of mechanical switches. Switch bounce can cause confusion in digital circuits. I don't have a reference source on this, however. LorenzoB 17:45, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
But I think this is somehow well-known within the field of electronics. Does this exempt the citation?-- 113.252.82.168 ( talk) 11:59, 17 April 2010 (UTC)
A spark accelerator is an alternative. It is a simple button for uphill climbs, relevant in electric vehicles. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.255.42.105 ( talk) 19:57, 4 October 2011 (UTC)
There should be some mention of the use of hall effect sensors for the detection of lid closure in consumer electronics devices. The Nintendo DS & DS Lite for example use the fixed magnet in the right speaker to trigger a hall effect sensor near the Y button. MacBooks use the magnets that hold the lid closed to trigger a sensor near the bottom-left corner of the keyboard. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.114.60.119 ( talk) 21:28, 17 December 2007 (UTC)
Why do we not list typical values of the Hall coefficient for various materials at room temperature? I've also had difficulty finding them online ... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Newagelink ( talk • contribs) 04:46, 17 March 2008 (UTC)
It is written that hall effect shows why it makes sense to think of charge being carried by holes in semiconductors. How so? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rainmanthe ( talk • contribs) 15:19, 29 April 2008 (UTC)
The sign of the Hall voltage depends on the sign of the charge carrier. Holes are positive carriers and electrons are negative carriers. So when they get a Hall voltage for a p-type semiconductor (holes) that is opposite in sign from an n-type semiconductor (electrons), that indicates that in the p-type semiconductor the current is carried by holes which are positively charged. Bob K31416 ( talk) 08:13, 6 July 2008 (UTC)
I found this very nice picture about Hall-effect ion engine thruster being test-fired for ESA's SMART-1 mission at ESA: http://www.esa.int/esaHS/ESAO4S0VMOC_exploration_1.html (there is a Back to article button too) Would someone write about it? -- Ernobius ( talk) 06:54, 10 July 2008 (UTC)
The Hall effect diagram in drawing "A", for example, at the beginning of the article may not be a good representation of the flow of electrons in the Hall element. It shows electrons flowing in a curved narrrow beam rather than flowing throughout the Hall element with many microscopic collisions that have electrons moving in all directions, which is the case of a usual Hall element that is a solid. See for example the diagram of electron motion in the discussion of the Microscopic View of Ohm's Law. What the applied electric field does is cause a perturbation of the random electron motion between collisions so that there is a net electron flow that is parallel to the electric field and in the opposite direction. This net electron flow corresponds to the electron drift velocity. What the applied magnetic field does is add an even smaller perturbation that would result initially in a tiny net vertical component of electron flow that results in a Hall field. All this is happening while the electrons undergo nearly random motion from the many microscopic collisions that they undergo. -- Bob K31416 ( talk) 04:29, 28 July 2008 (UTC)
Would Hall Effect be seen in a perfect conductor? How Would Be The Electric Filed be Directed inside the Perfect conductor? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.95.68.188 ( talk) 04:42, 11 March 2009 (UTC)
I just had a discussion with my professor, who stated that the hall effect is NOT due to the curving of the current path due to the magnetic field, but in fact the current path DOES NOT curve at all because the lattice of the conductor prevents it from doing so. Instead, the hall effect is due to a reorganization of the electrons in the conductor so that the total electromagnetic force is zero in the transverse (perpendicular) direction. in effect, this just means that there would be an asymetric current density as you look up and down the conductor. If this is the case, then this article needs to be severely modified (including the images), so i would appreciate it greatly if some of you would discuss this problem before i make any attempts at editing the article. Pjbeierle ( talk) 19:48, 8 March 2010 (UTC)
i have a problem, we are talking that the hall voltage is produced in p type semi conductors due to the force acting on the holes, but how can consider that a force acting on an empty space (actually hole is an empty space, hole is an imaginary concept,(in p type semi conductors we consider the moving of electrons as moving of holes in opposite direction relatively.)). my question is how can we consider the holes as particles? and how a force acting on a hole?
please give me an explanation on this matter. jj shan. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jj shan ( talk • contribs) 05:11, 19 April 2011 (UTC)
The "theory" section defines current as: "Current consists of the movement of many small charge carriers, typically electrons, holes, ions (see Electromigration) or all three." But as the previous two posters have noted, holes are a convienient fiction and current generated by 'moving holes' is really generated by moving electrons. I propose we remove 'holes' from this definition because it unnecessarily complicates the definition. -alex — Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.26.178.108 ( talk) 16:08, 22 May 2012 (UTC)
According to Mirmin book, it should be H instead of B. Since the book is a legend on Crystalography and solid state physics, I believe that the error is on this page. Spiralciric ( talk) 19:12, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
Hi! I created this diagram:
Which is based on this one: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stromwandler_Zeichnung.svg
Not used to editing wiki pages so I'll leave that to someone else :D — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dracheschreck ( talk • contribs) 19:34, 11 June 2013 (UTC)
In discussing equations, it is customary to indicate what all the variables represent just before or immediately after their introduction to the text. In this article, there is no mention that "B" represents the magnetic field until the section on "Hall effect in ionized gases", even though it is used in the first equation(s). Wleroydavis ( talk) 19:52, 14 March 2016 (UTC)
Tangentially, when the variables are stated, having them be equations makes awkward line breaks (at least in mobile). I think they should be plain text if it's impossible to make them both equations and integrated into other text without newlines. Gvprtskvnis ( talk) 18:34, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
The comment(s) below were originally left at Talk:Hall effect/Comments, and are posted here for posterity. Following several discussions in past years, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.
When I take the yellow image below, and rotate it clockwise 90 degrees, it appears to resemble image "D" above. Except that the Hall voltage polarity is oppposite that of image "D".
Under the "Discovery" section it says "The Hall effect was discovered in 1879 by Edwin Herbert Hall while working on his doctoral degree at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. His measurements of the tiny effect produced in the apparatus he used was an experimental tour de force, accomplished 18 years before." This statement likely requires some explanation to put it into proper context. Further more the hanging "accomplished 18 years before." needs to be addressed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.119.52.165 ( talk) 19:09, 13 July 2010 (UTC) |
Last edited at 19:09, 13 July 2010 (UTC). Substituted at 17:01, 29 April 2016 (UTC)
I've read enough about the Hall effect to know that this wikipedia article is simply wrong in many spots and any sane, literate person who has actually read a handful of references would know this too.
For example, see Solid State Physics (Ashcroft/Mermin 1976) pages 11-12 on the Hall effect. Or just google some other reference:
https://books.google.com/books?id=tUEoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false — Preceding unsigned comment added by 143.215.119.98 ( talk) 14:56, 3 March 2018 (UTC)
It seems that Beryllium, Cadmium, Cerium, Iron, Molybdenum, Tungsten, and a few other metals, have positive Hall coefficients. With one valence electron, it is most likely to have a half full band. (Complicated by crystal symmetry and such, but usually ...) With two valence electrons, it could be a full band (insulator), or two bands more and less than half full. Note also that the metals with positive Hall coefficient also tend to have high resistivity. With one hole and one electron band, the sign will depend on which one is more, and which one is less, than half full, and the mobilities in each. Aluminum has three valance electrons, which can partially fill three bands. So, some hole and some electron bands, and they change with magnetic field. At high magnetic field, Hc of Al goes positive, but is always the result of both holes and electrons. Gah4 ( talk) 18:21, 12 April 2018 (UTC)
Can someone check the recent changes regarding sign? It should work out that for negative charge carriers (electrons) the Hall coefficient and Hall voltage are negative. I believe that is the usual definition for Hall voltage, but also that it differs from the picture. Gah4 ( talk) 23:57, 22 September 2018 (UTC)
Hello, We are students from the last course of the Physics degree and we are studying Hall effect using matrix formalism. We have been asked by our teacher to modify the article about Hall effect as a way to evaluate us. We would like to add a new section at the theory section that is about matrix formalism in 2D system. It would be a pleasure to do it.
Regards -- Alba Cazorla ( talk) 09:53, 18 May 2020 (UTC)
The Hall Effect animation WebM file is not playing in the Wikipedia mobile App version in IOS 15.4.1
It plays as desktop/mobile websites but not within the app itself. Without being a developer, I’d lean towards it being the App itself not talking to the IOS decoders.
* Note *
I read in the FAQ about videos in IOS that there’s still issues with Apple IOS. I know Wikipedia uses open source such as WebM, but as there’s hundreds of millions of us using iPhones/iPads, maybe an H.264 video coding format is better.
2601:44:4380:E810:A02C:6484:8228:C57B ( talk) 07:47, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
The "Applications" of the Hall effect can be simply said to be the Hall effect sensor. Thus everything that is currently in Hall effect#Applications can simply be cut and pasted into Hall effect sensor#Applications. The scope of this Hall effect article can then just focus on the theory of the Hall effect (and related effects like Quantum effect and Corbino effect). Em3rgent0rdr ( talk) 01:02, 29 December 2023 (UTC)