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I have just completed Eric Laithwaite who was obviously just plain wrong. However, when I read accounts from experts about the nature of his mistake I'm none the wiser. They talk about fast tops and slow tops and are obviously refering to a body of knowledge that I've never managed to find. Can we have some more content here? An account of where Eric Laithwaite went wrong would be really useful Cutler 12:24, 11 Feb 2004 (UTC)
This article claims that momentum wheels and flywheels are gyroscopes. Is this true? The definitions I have read state that gyroscopes are devices designed to resist rotation of the spin axis, which is not the purpose of the devices I just mentioned. Obviously, they have this property as a side-effect, but this is not enough to make them gyroscopes. -- Heron 21:29, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
You might call them gyroscopes but when they're stationary they don't function as gyroscopes because they don't change in orientation of rotation. But they have been used on large ships to reduce the swaying motion of the ships, so they can be used as gyroscopes. WFPM ( talk) 16:05, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
I'm not an expert at this, but I do believe that the image stating that aerobic bicycle is possible due to gyroscopes is incorrect as the wheels really aren't spinning fast enough to really provide any resistance that would aid in the balancing.
Wikipedia is not a science journal it is a public use encyclopedia. Therefore all science terms should include reasonably easy to understand lay descriptions.
75.252.224.147 ( talk) 08:15, 18 May 2009 (UTC)
I would like to second the above sentiment, as the "description and diagram" section of the article is not written for the lay reader. I've read it a couple of times now, and still can't make out what it is saying. 75.187.46.217 ( talk) 02:07, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
—Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.187.46.217 ( talk) 02:05, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
I don't understand much of this entry. Can someone write an easy to understand version? Gyroscopes explained so a kid can understand?
Would it be possible to pick an image with a lighter background to display? It's rather hard to read the names of the parts of the gyroscope with the current green-backed image. -- Guest, 23 Apr, 2005
Moved to talk:inertia
I propose that the heading History be changed to Properties. Really, only the first sentence is actually about the history of the gyroscope. The rest is a very good description of how a gyroscope behaves, complete with a correct description of how a gyroscope can hang off the end of a table (the description matches the one given in "Feynman Lectures on Physics.").
With respect to what reference frame does a gyroscope have a tendency to remain rigid in space? I.e. In what reference frame does the plane of the gyroscope remain constant? The surface of the earth? A celestial reference frame?
Gyroscopic rigidity and precession affect the attitude indicator and heading indicator of an aircraft, but there are 2 different gyroscopes for these 2 instruments. It may be necessary periodically to reset these gyroscopes because they can drift, usually due to to friction in the mechanism or other physics in the construction of the gyroscope that makes it deviate from it's theoretical ideal performance.
But one flight instructor told me that the heading indicator in particular drifts at a certain pace in a certain direction (and generally needs to be reset every 15-30 minutes or so) because the earth is rotating and the gyroscope, being rigid in space, is then not rigid w.r.t. the earth's surface. This theory is consistent with my experience as a pilot, but I can't say with certainty that this is what's happening.
Thus far, I have not found a satisfactory answer to this question. 142.103.14.11 22:56, 7 March 2006 (UTC)
I agree here, I think the gyro is already rotating w.r.t to the earth when put into the airframe. likewise when the airplane banks, and does a loop, the gyro itself is already subject to the forces due to the loop, is it not? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alokdube ( talk • contribs) 06:44, 16 February 2009 (UTC)
In the intro it says "this is also known as gyroscopic inertia or rigidity in space."
Thats very ambiguous, it sounds as if its saying gyroscipic inertia is another name for gyroscope. More reasonably it would mean that its a synonym to angular momentum. If thats the case, it should NOT link to this page, it should NOT be bolded on this page, and it should be much less ambiguous. Please someone either change it, or answer me so *I* can change it. Thanks. Fresheneesz 22:21, 15 March 2006 (UTC)
a gyroscope spins faster when force is applied. I think it's due to the conservation of energy law, i.e. that the energy i apply to overcome the resistance to spin must show itself somewhere, but I have tried and tried to think how, using Newtonian laws of motion, the result is an increase in the spin speed. How is the force transferred in this direction, when the only direct physical connection between me and the gyro is my hand on the housing which hold the gyro's axle? I wonder if there is something non-Newtonian going on, but that seems a bit far fetched to me. I'd be very grateful for an answer. -142.103.14.11 14:52, 28 April 2006
Added reference to right-hand rule and brief description of how it applies. AndrewDressel 12:13, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
"Examples of some free-output-gimbal devices ... the front wheel of a motorcycle. Countersteering is how motorcycles turn corners using the gyroscopic roll reaction of the spinning front wheel."
Any references for this claim that have actually done the experiement or the math? My understanding from reading the liturature (Jones, David E. H. (1970). "The stability of the bicycle" (PDF). Physics Today. 23 (4): 34–40. Retrieved 2006-08-04. and Gromer, Cliff (February 1, 2001). "STEER GEAR So how do you actually turn a motorcycle?". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 2006-08-07., etc.) is that countersteering is simply a technique for causing a motorcycle to lean and that gyroscopic effects are not necessary. - AndrewDressel 02:27, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
Well, I made a few new images for the article, including an animation showing how the gyroscope wheel works. They were originally made with a left-handed spin, so I flipped them horizontally to fix it. ☢ Ҡi∊ff⌇ ↯ 20:00, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
Switching the left hand spin seems to have switched the input and output axes. A quick check of (input) cross (spin) = (output) shows correct orientation. Dan —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.253.139.199 ( talk) 14:00, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
I'm really confused about how a hard disk can be a gyroscope and still work when it's being moved around. See my entry on the hard disk talk page here. Twilight Realm 19:19, 29 October 2006 (UTC)
If your hard drive is spinning on a vertical axis, you can lift your computer vertically no problem, and you can slide it around the floor no problem either. But if you tilt the computer, the hard disc will "try" very hard to tilt in a plane at 90* to the axis of your tilt. It will be restrained by its bearings, but will stress the bearings, so best not to wobble it about too much.
I think.
So do computers aboard ship tend to wear their bearings out?
Richard
I guess I'm just an idiot, but I'm having a hard time understanding the whole bicycle wheel/rotating stool thing. Could someone explain it for me please? -- SuperCow 05:37, 21 February 2007 (UTC)
Never mind, I've figured it out. I am an idiot. -- SuperCow 14:47, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
I just added John Serson to the History section, then deleted him again, then added Laplace. I ought to explain.
At first, I saw Serson on gyroscopes.org and thought that he had a prior claim to Bohnenberger, so I added Serson to this article. I also created an article on Serson. I then found that Serson's design was merely a spinning top and didn't really deserve to be called a gyroscope, so I removed him again. I then found the article at the Institute of Navigation that explained the link from Bohnenberger via Laplace to Foucault, which I thought was much more interesting, so I added that the the article. Now we have an accurate history, and a new article on John Serson, so everybody wins, I hope. -- Heron 14:53, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
Needs expanding so as to provide a brief description of where gyroscopes appear in these fictional texts 124.182.230.53 11:50, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
Today gyroscopes are used in dozens of different technological machines from the International Space Station to modern aircrafts and even in underwater torpedos. However there is virtually no mention of this in the article. I think a paragraph about this should be added as this is the main use of gyroscopes today. Hadoriel 11:11, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
I'm new to wikipedia, so forgive me if I'm speaking out of turn. I work with, and lecture on, all sorts of things to do with gyroscopes and I am pretty comfortable with them. I've created lots of videos on things to do with spin (see http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~hemh/movies.htm ) and I've got a page devoted to gyroscopes and boomerangs ( http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~hemh/gyroscopes.htm ). We've also set out to reproduce all of Laithwaites experiments - see http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~hemh/gyroscopes/htmlgyroscopes.html . I'd be happy to help out with the gyro page and if appropriate it may be thought appropriate to include links to our work.
But my main reason for writing gere is to say that the opening sentence of the Wiki Gyroscope page is not correct. It reads:
"A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum."
But a gyroscope would be useless if angular momentum were to be conserved. The whole point is that a gyro exhibits precession and this requires the imposition of an external couple, thereby changing the direction of its angular momentum - being a vector quantity. Is there any chance of changing this sentence to read:
"A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles angular momentum."
Hughhunt 19:52, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
Thanks for modifying the opening sentence, but the opening paragraph still describes a GYROSTAT not a GYROSCOPE (eg with the words "its orientation remains nearly fixed"). Is this the intention? Besides this there is a lot more that could do with fixing on the page. I'm happy to help if you're interested. Many of my students here in Cambridge are now aware of the shortcomings of the article and I've set them an exercise to produce improvements. When they're ready I will put them on my own web pages ( http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~hemh/gyroscopes.htm ) -- Hughhunt ( talk) 21:30, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
I note with dismay that the opening paragraph has gone back to the very-much-incorrect "A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum." As noted above this is incorrect and misleading and entirely inappropriate for a reputable article in Wikipedia. A "rate gyro" is a perfect example of a gyroscope whose orientation changes in normal operation. It is the most common device used to measure angular motion. And its orientation changes therefore angular momentum is NOT conserved. Also I would appreciate if those commenting above would identify their credentials. It appears to me that Rracecarr, for instance, does not understand gyroscopes by saying such unscientific things as "The gimbals minimize the torque, and the spin of the gyroscope minimizes the change in orientation produced by whatever torque manages to get through." many thanks Hugh Hunt, Cambridge University Hughhunt ( talk) 21:59, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
I am interested in the flight of a discus which maintains stability even though it retains an axis which is not vertical; ie the spin is not aligned with the gravity vector. Indeed it can fly in a stable manner with as much as 35deg to the horizontal and yet not settle into precession. You cannot make a gyroscope spin at a fixed angle to the vertical without the onset of precession. What's so special about a discus. Any ideas? Thanks Colin Coli.white ( talk) 01:11, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
Yes I think you are right. The way I look at it is that unlike the gyroscope, there are two external forces on the discus, gravity and drag. The resultant of these two is a force vector at an angle back from the vertical which the spinning discus can align to for stability. I think we are saying the same thing - maybe. Thank you. Coli.white ( talk) 00:59, 20 August 2008 (UTC)
( talk) 01:32, 20 August 2008 (UTC)
Yep. I got it! Also read the 'Physics of Flying discs' article. It puts much emphasis on the difference in drag in the two planes and this largely accounts for the flight path. Comparing with the discus though the difference in drag in the two planes will be minimal a) because of the weight of the discus (drag to weight ratio will be low in both cases), and b) the vertical velocity component is low compared with the horizontal and assuming drag is α to velocity squared, I think the vertical and horizontal drags would be similar and minimal.So what keeps the discus up is aerodynamics, what keeps the frisbee up is both aerodynamics and drag. Do you agree? Coli.white ( talk) 00:10, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
In this section, the line: " perpendicular to both the gravitational torque (downwards)" implies that there is downwards (wrt the model system described) torque. This is, in fact, an error: there gravitational force is downwards, but the torque is not. Consider that t = r x f, where t = torque, and r is the distance from the centre of rotation that the force, f, is applied. In the described system, if we take the attached end of the gyroscope as the origin, and the free end of the gyroscope as (l,0,0), where l is the length of the thing, we end up with t = r x f = (l,0,0) x (0,0,g), where g is the force of gravity, which is downward in the z direction). Therefore, the torque is in the y direction. 129.128.128.32 ( talk) 01:05, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
This error is also shown earlier in the section: "It follows from this that a torque, t, applied perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and therefore perpendicular to L, results in a motion perpendicular to both t and L" There is again a confusion between torque and the force of gravity, an important feature as these are 90 degrees from each other. The motion induced is perpendicular to f and L, not t and L as written (the motion induced is in the direction of the torque). 129.128.128.32 ( talk) 01:05, 26 August 2008 (UTC) regards, demon master 72
I have seen it claimed in various places that if two identical gyroscopes are mounted in the same gimbal and spun in opposite directions, they will cancel each other and produce no gyroscopic effect. This sounds illogical to me. I can see that they wouldn't precess, as they would each try to precess in opposite directions, but I would think they would still resist changing direction of their axis. I'm not an expert on this at all though, and would really appreciate it if someone that is could clarify this issue (and find a reference?). If it's a myth, I think this should be mentioned in the article. Of course, if it's true it should be mentioned too.-- Dwane E Anderson ( talk) 00:05, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
I am not certain why a gyroscope would flip around if the earth rotates in 12 hours. I mean the person who mounted the gyroscope already had that movement, right? so the original wheel too already has inherited that rotational movement. Can someone help clarify? As far as I can see, the math simply says angular momentum is conserved, hence mass and MOI remaining constant, angular velocity w is conserved. i.e w=(r x v)/|r^2| , let r=xi + yj be the coordinates of a point on such a wheel (point mass) So x.dy/dt - y.dx/dt= constant for a 2 d plane rotation in the xy plane if w has to be constant. (given r is constant w.r.t time) assume an origin O as the pivot, x=r.cos(wt) , y=r.sin(wt) so the gyro will maintain its angular momentum w.r.t the original origin O and the above equation holds.
consider this object itself is rotating about another origin O` , the equation cannot be hence written can it? i mean typically such a rotation would be x= r1.cos(w1t)+r2.cos(kw1.t), y= r1.sin(w1t)+r2.sin(kw1.t) dx/dt = -(r1.w1.sin(w1t)+r2.k.w1.sin(k1w1.t)) dy/dt = r1.w1.cos(w1.t)+r2.k.w1.cos(kw1.t) .... obviously such a motion does not conserve angular momentum However, considering that the original person who placed the wheel and the point mass already possessed that motion w.r.t O`, how does one eliminate that consideration in a gyroscope? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alokdube ( talk • contribs) 08:43, 9 March 2009 (UTC)
A mathematical error. The math description of the mechanics is totally incorrect. Author claims I is the moment of inertia! Which one? There are three principal values. The angular momentume vector is given by the dyadic prodcut of the principal moments of inertia and the principal angular velocites. From there on it's Newton, but using a rotating axis system, as is conventional, is complicated and tricky. Still an all there's no point in using equations that are blatantly incorrect. I recommend that they be removed. Also that this section be written by someone who has a professional knowledge of the dynamics of rotating bodies. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Polypuss ( talk • contribs) 17:01, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
Can the bionic gyroscope developed by Dedy Wicaksono (TU Delft) be mentioned ? http://dedywicaksono.wordpress.com/2008/10/21/my-phd-research/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.245.64.190 ( talk) 11:12, 8 July 2009 (UTC)
I uploaded a section on the directional gyro. Arydberg ( talk) 12:36, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
Gyroscopes naturally slow down because of friction. Would someone please explain how you speed them up again without throwing them 'off'. Simply using an electric motor would probably change the weight distribution or the rotational axis whenever it is active. The article explains the function, but not the mechanism.-- 128.240.229.68 ( talk) 17:28, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
There has to be a way of increasing their rotation rate and your imagination is as good as mine. an axial motor drive sounds okay, but should involve a disconnect, since otherwise the low radius mass of the motor becomes a part of the rotating system. WFPM ( talk) 16:13, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
The gyroscope articles could use some reorganization.
I would argue that the term "gyroscope" refers to any device for measuring or maintaining orientation, so the article named "Gyroscope" ought to give an overview of the various types of devices that the term may apply to. This article is trying to do two things at once: speak of gyroscopes in the general sense, but also mainly describe the older mechanical, rotary gyroscope. I think the main article for the term "gyroscope" ought to have the overview (and maybe history) of gyroscopes and a big section of this article could be separated out into an article titled "Mechanical gyroscope" (maybe some parts of it could be in an overview section the main article).
There are several articles on types of gyroscopes that aren't easily found without digging:
Currently a few of these other types of gyroscopes are on the disambiguation page along with bands and record labels, which I think isn't the best place, given that they all refer to devices based on similar principles.
Also, does the patent list add much to the article? I'd propose removing it, or at least scaling it down to something relevant.
Pvercello ( talk) 06:51, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
A few sources cited here at Wikipedia gives Foucault's naming of the gyroscope as 1852, but according to The Gyroscope Applied, K.I.T. Richardson (1954) page 37 says it was in 1851. Can someone check and clarify. Richard n 19:01, 28 June 2010 (UTC)
"U.S. Patent 20,100,132,463, "MULTI-AXIS MEMS GYROSCOPE"."-I'm not sure what's being cited here, but there aren't that many patents in the US. Also, the link doesn't work. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.254.147.8 ( talk) 20:37, 6 July 2010 (UTC)
Somehow the gyros used in the GP-B experiment weren't in this article. The summery in the GP-B article was not gyro-centric so I wrote a new summery with appropriate citations. I also couldn't find a name for the general class of gyroscope under which this specific example resides, so I called it "London moment gyroscope." I didn't change the GP-P article to match since the rest of the "experiment" section there is non-technical. I Don't think it needs a new article until more information on other applications (other than the GP-B) turns up. Theshadow27 ( talk) 19:21, 18 January 2011 (UTC)
I have an idea for an animation that actually shows how precessional torques arise from linear momentum. Of course, since it is my idea I think it is better than any other animation. But I do not have the tools needed to make the animation. So, is there anyone, with the tools who would like to collaborate on making a better (or at least different) animation?
The image depicts a story board for this animation.
Constant314 ( talk) 04:35, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
In figure 1 an X shaped lug wrench is depicted that is hollow and made from a very light weight and stiff material. It is so light that it has no appreciable angular or linear inertia.
In figure 2, hollow spheres of the same light weight material are wrapped around two ends of the lug wrench. The entire apparatus has no appreciable angular or linear inertia. But, at the center of each sphere there is a very small very dense mass. These masses are so compact that they have no appreciable moment of inertia but it does have appreciable linear inertia. We'll call them point masses.
In figure 3 the apparatus has been set into rotary motion about the Z axis. The apparatus has a large angular momentum about the z axis. At the particular instant depicted, the apparatus has almost no moment of inertia about the X axis.
In figure 4, just as the apparatus lines up with the X axis it will be rotated about the X axis.
In figure 5, this rotation has been completed. Since the moment of inertia about the X axis is almost zero, its takes almost no torque and no time to make this rotation. Consider what happens to the point masses inside the sphere. They have negligible moment of inertia so they don't get appreciable angular momentum. But, their linear momentum is still there unchanged. The point masses attempt to continue rotating as they were.
In figure 6, the point masses continue to follow the same circle. But the vertical axis of the lug wrench is no longer aligned with the Z axis. The top and bottom of the lug wrench move in circles since they are part of a rigid apparatus. Constant314 ( talk) 15:02, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
Does the measurement have any dependency on the position of the gyro relative to the center of mass of the system? For example, if the gyro is near the front of an airplane, does it result in different cumulative error than if it is near the center of mass? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.55.55.39 ( talk) 19:48, 30 June 2011 (UTC)
"Within mechanical systems or devices, a conventional gyroscope is a mechanism comprising a rotor journaled to spin about one axis, the journals of the rotor being mounted in an inner gimbal or ring; the inner gimbal is journaled for oscillation in an outer gimbal for a total of two gimbals.
The outer gimbal or ring, which is the gyroscope frame, is mounted so as to pivot about an axis in its own plane determined by the support. This outer gimbal possesses one degree of rotational freedom and its axis possesses none. The next inner gimbal is mounted in the gyroscope frame (outer gimbal) so as to pivot about an axis in its own plane that is always perpendicular to the pivotal axis of the gyroscope frame (outer gimbal). This inner gimbal has two degrees of rotational freedom."
Well the diagram and the explanation clearly show three "rings", so why does it say "for a total of two gimbals"? I suspect the reason for this is that the gimbal is actually the pivoting joint between the rings, but I am not really an expert. This section needs to be checked so that it makes sense. Eregli bob ( talk) 21:56, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
It is possible to quickly find whether or not an egg has been boiled, by spinning it on a plate. Start spin with egg on its side ( use two hands to get fast enough rate), boiled egg will spin up on one end as a top. Someone might make a video of this and add notes. I wonder if spinning one direction or another makes any appreciable difference due to Coriolis effect? Signed JohnsonL623 ( talk) 05:44, 21 October 2012 (UTC)
a. Does the gyroscope change orientation in time with earth? In other words, if I leave a 3 gimbal gyro spinning horizontally from the morning will I find it oriented vertically in the afternoon? - פשוט pashute ♫ ( talk) 20:48, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
b. Can someone describe the "elevation affect" - having it easy to pick up a heavy turning flywheel from its axle, as shown on many science videos, in particular those of Eric Laithwaite? - פשוט pashute ♫ ( talk) 20:48, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
Thanks in advance פשוט pashute ♫ ( talk) 20:48, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
Ok, apologies here, because I'm not a physicist, but in the clause: "it changes in response to an external torque much less and in a different direction than it would with the large angular momentum associated with the disc's high rate of spin and moment of inertia" - shouldn't it be "without" instead of "with"? Peter Delmonte ( talk) 18:07, 17 October 2014 (UTC)
Greetings! I tried to wikify the citation style at the article [1], but I got reverted by "restore whitespace" [2].
Therefore, I'd like to ask you if the latter is a citation style we should embrace? I've seen that, at very few articles though, and always seen it removed (corrected). Besides, it's absolutely unbearable for the text space -editors to users.
Any thoughts? Cheers! Jayaguru-Shishya ( talk) 21:20, 22 June 2015 (UTC)
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I have just completed Eric Laithwaite who was obviously just plain wrong. However, when I read accounts from experts about the nature of his mistake I'm none the wiser. They talk about fast tops and slow tops and are obviously refering to a body of knowledge that I've never managed to find. Can we have some more content here? An account of where Eric Laithwaite went wrong would be really useful Cutler 12:24, 11 Feb 2004 (UTC)
This article claims that momentum wheels and flywheels are gyroscopes. Is this true? The definitions I have read state that gyroscopes are devices designed to resist rotation of the spin axis, which is not the purpose of the devices I just mentioned. Obviously, they have this property as a side-effect, but this is not enough to make them gyroscopes. -- Heron 21:29, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
You might call them gyroscopes but when they're stationary they don't function as gyroscopes because they don't change in orientation of rotation. But they have been used on large ships to reduce the swaying motion of the ships, so they can be used as gyroscopes. WFPM ( talk) 16:05, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
I'm not an expert at this, but I do believe that the image stating that aerobic bicycle is possible due to gyroscopes is incorrect as the wheels really aren't spinning fast enough to really provide any resistance that would aid in the balancing.
Wikipedia is not a science journal it is a public use encyclopedia. Therefore all science terms should include reasonably easy to understand lay descriptions.
75.252.224.147 ( talk) 08:15, 18 May 2009 (UTC)
I would like to second the above sentiment, as the "description and diagram" section of the article is not written for the lay reader. I've read it a couple of times now, and still can't make out what it is saying. 75.187.46.217 ( talk) 02:07, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
—Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.187.46.217 ( talk) 02:05, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
I don't understand much of this entry. Can someone write an easy to understand version? Gyroscopes explained so a kid can understand?
Would it be possible to pick an image with a lighter background to display? It's rather hard to read the names of the parts of the gyroscope with the current green-backed image. -- Guest, 23 Apr, 2005
Moved to talk:inertia
I propose that the heading History be changed to Properties. Really, only the first sentence is actually about the history of the gyroscope. The rest is a very good description of how a gyroscope behaves, complete with a correct description of how a gyroscope can hang off the end of a table (the description matches the one given in "Feynman Lectures on Physics.").
With respect to what reference frame does a gyroscope have a tendency to remain rigid in space? I.e. In what reference frame does the plane of the gyroscope remain constant? The surface of the earth? A celestial reference frame?
Gyroscopic rigidity and precession affect the attitude indicator and heading indicator of an aircraft, but there are 2 different gyroscopes for these 2 instruments. It may be necessary periodically to reset these gyroscopes because they can drift, usually due to to friction in the mechanism or other physics in the construction of the gyroscope that makes it deviate from it's theoretical ideal performance.
But one flight instructor told me that the heading indicator in particular drifts at a certain pace in a certain direction (and generally needs to be reset every 15-30 minutes or so) because the earth is rotating and the gyroscope, being rigid in space, is then not rigid w.r.t. the earth's surface. This theory is consistent with my experience as a pilot, but I can't say with certainty that this is what's happening.
Thus far, I have not found a satisfactory answer to this question. 142.103.14.11 22:56, 7 March 2006 (UTC)
I agree here, I think the gyro is already rotating w.r.t to the earth when put into the airframe. likewise when the airplane banks, and does a loop, the gyro itself is already subject to the forces due to the loop, is it not? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alokdube ( talk • contribs) 06:44, 16 February 2009 (UTC)
In the intro it says "this is also known as gyroscopic inertia or rigidity in space."
Thats very ambiguous, it sounds as if its saying gyroscipic inertia is another name for gyroscope. More reasonably it would mean that its a synonym to angular momentum. If thats the case, it should NOT link to this page, it should NOT be bolded on this page, and it should be much less ambiguous. Please someone either change it, or answer me so *I* can change it. Thanks. Fresheneesz 22:21, 15 March 2006 (UTC)
a gyroscope spins faster when force is applied. I think it's due to the conservation of energy law, i.e. that the energy i apply to overcome the resistance to spin must show itself somewhere, but I have tried and tried to think how, using Newtonian laws of motion, the result is an increase in the spin speed. How is the force transferred in this direction, when the only direct physical connection between me and the gyro is my hand on the housing which hold the gyro's axle? I wonder if there is something non-Newtonian going on, but that seems a bit far fetched to me. I'd be very grateful for an answer. -142.103.14.11 14:52, 28 April 2006
Added reference to right-hand rule and brief description of how it applies. AndrewDressel 12:13, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
"Examples of some free-output-gimbal devices ... the front wheel of a motorcycle. Countersteering is how motorcycles turn corners using the gyroscopic roll reaction of the spinning front wheel."
Any references for this claim that have actually done the experiement or the math? My understanding from reading the liturature (Jones, David E. H. (1970). "The stability of the bicycle" (PDF). Physics Today. 23 (4): 34–40. Retrieved 2006-08-04. and Gromer, Cliff (February 1, 2001). "STEER GEAR So how do you actually turn a motorcycle?". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 2006-08-07., etc.) is that countersteering is simply a technique for causing a motorcycle to lean and that gyroscopic effects are not necessary. - AndrewDressel 02:27, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
Well, I made a few new images for the article, including an animation showing how the gyroscope wheel works. They were originally made with a left-handed spin, so I flipped them horizontally to fix it. ☢ Ҡi∊ff⌇ ↯ 20:00, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
Switching the left hand spin seems to have switched the input and output axes. A quick check of (input) cross (spin) = (output) shows correct orientation. Dan —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.253.139.199 ( talk) 14:00, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
I'm really confused about how a hard disk can be a gyroscope and still work when it's being moved around. See my entry on the hard disk talk page here. Twilight Realm 19:19, 29 October 2006 (UTC)
If your hard drive is spinning on a vertical axis, you can lift your computer vertically no problem, and you can slide it around the floor no problem either. But if you tilt the computer, the hard disc will "try" very hard to tilt in a plane at 90* to the axis of your tilt. It will be restrained by its bearings, but will stress the bearings, so best not to wobble it about too much.
I think.
So do computers aboard ship tend to wear their bearings out?
Richard
I guess I'm just an idiot, but I'm having a hard time understanding the whole bicycle wheel/rotating stool thing. Could someone explain it for me please? -- SuperCow 05:37, 21 February 2007 (UTC)
Never mind, I've figured it out. I am an idiot. -- SuperCow 14:47, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
I just added John Serson to the History section, then deleted him again, then added Laplace. I ought to explain.
At first, I saw Serson on gyroscopes.org and thought that he had a prior claim to Bohnenberger, so I added Serson to this article. I also created an article on Serson. I then found that Serson's design was merely a spinning top and didn't really deserve to be called a gyroscope, so I removed him again. I then found the article at the Institute of Navigation that explained the link from Bohnenberger via Laplace to Foucault, which I thought was much more interesting, so I added that the the article. Now we have an accurate history, and a new article on John Serson, so everybody wins, I hope. -- Heron 14:53, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
Needs expanding so as to provide a brief description of where gyroscopes appear in these fictional texts 124.182.230.53 11:50, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
Today gyroscopes are used in dozens of different technological machines from the International Space Station to modern aircrafts and even in underwater torpedos. However there is virtually no mention of this in the article. I think a paragraph about this should be added as this is the main use of gyroscopes today. Hadoriel 11:11, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
I'm new to wikipedia, so forgive me if I'm speaking out of turn. I work with, and lecture on, all sorts of things to do with gyroscopes and I am pretty comfortable with them. I've created lots of videos on things to do with spin (see http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~hemh/movies.htm ) and I've got a page devoted to gyroscopes and boomerangs ( http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~hemh/gyroscopes.htm ). We've also set out to reproduce all of Laithwaites experiments - see http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~hemh/gyroscopes/htmlgyroscopes.html . I'd be happy to help out with the gyro page and if appropriate it may be thought appropriate to include links to our work.
But my main reason for writing gere is to say that the opening sentence of the Wiki Gyroscope page is not correct. It reads:
"A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum."
But a gyroscope would be useless if angular momentum were to be conserved. The whole point is that a gyro exhibits precession and this requires the imposition of an external couple, thereby changing the direction of its angular momentum - being a vector quantity. Is there any chance of changing this sentence to read:
"A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles angular momentum."
Hughhunt 19:52, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
Thanks for modifying the opening sentence, but the opening paragraph still describes a GYROSTAT not a GYROSCOPE (eg with the words "its orientation remains nearly fixed"). Is this the intention? Besides this there is a lot more that could do with fixing on the page. I'm happy to help if you're interested. Many of my students here in Cambridge are now aware of the shortcomings of the article and I've set them an exercise to produce improvements. When they're ready I will put them on my own web pages ( http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~hemh/gyroscopes.htm ) -- Hughhunt ( talk) 21:30, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
I note with dismay that the opening paragraph has gone back to the very-much-incorrect "A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum." As noted above this is incorrect and misleading and entirely inappropriate for a reputable article in Wikipedia. A "rate gyro" is a perfect example of a gyroscope whose orientation changes in normal operation. It is the most common device used to measure angular motion. And its orientation changes therefore angular momentum is NOT conserved. Also I would appreciate if those commenting above would identify their credentials. It appears to me that Rracecarr, for instance, does not understand gyroscopes by saying such unscientific things as "The gimbals minimize the torque, and the spin of the gyroscope minimizes the change in orientation produced by whatever torque manages to get through." many thanks Hugh Hunt, Cambridge University Hughhunt ( talk) 21:59, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
I am interested in the flight of a discus which maintains stability even though it retains an axis which is not vertical; ie the spin is not aligned with the gravity vector. Indeed it can fly in a stable manner with as much as 35deg to the horizontal and yet not settle into precession. You cannot make a gyroscope spin at a fixed angle to the vertical without the onset of precession. What's so special about a discus. Any ideas? Thanks Colin Coli.white ( talk) 01:11, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
Yes I think you are right. The way I look at it is that unlike the gyroscope, there are two external forces on the discus, gravity and drag. The resultant of these two is a force vector at an angle back from the vertical which the spinning discus can align to for stability. I think we are saying the same thing - maybe. Thank you. Coli.white ( talk) 00:59, 20 August 2008 (UTC)
( talk) 01:32, 20 August 2008 (UTC)
Yep. I got it! Also read the 'Physics of Flying discs' article. It puts much emphasis on the difference in drag in the two planes and this largely accounts for the flight path. Comparing with the discus though the difference in drag in the two planes will be minimal a) because of the weight of the discus (drag to weight ratio will be low in both cases), and b) the vertical velocity component is low compared with the horizontal and assuming drag is α to velocity squared, I think the vertical and horizontal drags would be similar and minimal.So what keeps the discus up is aerodynamics, what keeps the frisbee up is both aerodynamics and drag. Do you agree? Coli.white ( talk) 00:10, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
In this section, the line: " perpendicular to both the gravitational torque (downwards)" implies that there is downwards (wrt the model system described) torque. This is, in fact, an error: there gravitational force is downwards, but the torque is not. Consider that t = r x f, where t = torque, and r is the distance from the centre of rotation that the force, f, is applied. In the described system, if we take the attached end of the gyroscope as the origin, and the free end of the gyroscope as (l,0,0), where l is the length of the thing, we end up with t = r x f = (l,0,0) x (0,0,g), where g is the force of gravity, which is downward in the z direction). Therefore, the torque is in the y direction. 129.128.128.32 ( talk) 01:05, 26 August 2008 (UTC)
This error is also shown earlier in the section: "It follows from this that a torque, t, applied perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and therefore perpendicular to L, results in a motion perpendicular to both t and L" There is again a confusion between torque and the force of gravity, an important feature as these are 90 degrees from each other. The motion induced is perpendicular to f and L, not t and L as written (the motion induced is in the direction of the torque). 129.128.128.32 ( talk) 01:05, 26 August 2008 (UTC) regards, demon master 72
I have seen it claimed in various places that if two identical gyroscopes are mounted in the same gimbal and spun in opposite directions, they will cancel each other and produce no gyroscopic effect. This sounds illogical to me. I can see that they wouldn't precess, as they would each try to precess in opposite directions, but I would think they would still resist changing direction of their axis. I'm not an expert on this at all though, and would really appreciate it if someone that is could clarify this issue (and find a reference?). If it's a myth, I think this should be mentioned in the article. Of course, if it's true it should be mentioned too.-- Dwane E Anderson ( talk) 00:05, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
I am not certain why a gyroscope would flip around if the earth rotates in 12 hours. I mean the person who mounted the gyroscope already had that movement, right? so the original wheel too already has inherited that rotational movement. Can someone help clarify? As far as I can see, the math simply says angular momentum is conserved, hence mass and MOI remaining constant, angular velocity w is conserved. i.e w=(r x v)/|r^2| , let r=xi + yj be the coordinates of a point on such a wheel (point mass) So x.dy/dt - y.dx/dt= constant for a 2 d plane rotation in the xy plane if w has to be constant. (given r is constant w.r.t time) assume an origin O as the pivot, x=r.cos(wt) , y=r.sin(wt) so the gyro will maintain its angular momentum w.r.t the original origin O and the above equation holds.
consider this object itself is rotating about another origin O` , the equation cannot be hence written can it? i mean typically such a rotation would be x= r1.cos(w1t)+r2.cos(kw1.t), y= r1.sin(w1t)+r2.sin(kw1.t) dx/dt = -(r1.w1.sin(w1t)+r2.k.w1.sin(k1w1.t)) dy/dt = r1.w1.cos(w1.t)+r2.k.w1.cos(kw1.t) .... obviously such a motion does not conserve angular momentum However, considering that the original person who placed the wheel and the point mass already possessed that motion w.r.t O`, how does one eliminate that consideration in a gyroscope? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alokdube ( talk • contribs) 08:43, 9 March 2009 (UTC)
A mathematical error. The math description of the mechanics is totally incorrect. Author claims I is the moment of inertia! Which one? There are three principal values. The angular momentume vector is given by the dyadic prodcut of the principal moments of inertia and the principal angular velocites. From there on it's Newton, but using a rotating axis system, as is conventional, is complicated and tricky. Still an all there's no point in using equations that are blatantly incorrect. I recommend that they be removed. Also that this section be written by someone who has a professional knowledge of the dynamics of rotating bodies. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Polypuss ( talk • contribs) 17:01, 18 April 2009 (UTC)
Can the bionic gyroscope developed by Dedy Wicaksono (TU Delft) be mentioned ? http://dedywicaksono.wordpress.com/2008/10/21/my-phd-research/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.245.64.190 ( talk) 11:12, 8 July 2009 (UTC)
I uploaded a section on the directional gyro. Arydberg ( talk) 12:36, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
Gyroscopes naturally slow down because of friction. Would someone please explain how you speed them up again without throwing them 'off'. Simply using an electric motor would probably change the weight distribution or the rotational axis whenever it is active. The article explains the function, but not the mechanism.-- 128.240.229.68 ( talk) 17:28, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
There has to be a way of increasing their rotation rate and your imagination is as good as mine. an axial motor drive sounds okay, but should involve a disconnect, since otherwise the low radius mass of the motor becomes a part of the rotating system. WFPM ( talk) 16:13, 30 April 2010 (UTC)
The gyroscope articles could use some reorganization.
I would argue that the term "gyroscope" refers to any device for measuring or maintaining orientation, so the article named "Gyroscope" ought to give an overview of the various types of devices that the term may apply to. This article is trying to do two things at once: speak of gyroscopes in the general sense, but also mainly describe the older mechanical, rotary gyroscope. I think the main article for the term "gyroscope" ought to have the overview (and maybe history) of gyroscopes and a big section of this article could be separated out into an article titled "Mechanical gyroscope" (maybe some parts of it could be in an overview section the main article).
There are several articles on types of gyroscopes that aren't easily found without digging:
Currently a few of these other types of gyroscopes are on the disambiguation page along with bands and record labels, which I think isn't the best place, given that they all refer to devices based on similar principles.
Also, does the patent list add much to the article? I'd propose removing it, or at least scaling it down to something relevant.
Pvercello ( talk) 06:51, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
A few sources cited here at Wikipedia gives Foucault's naming of the gyroscope as 1852, but according to The Gyroscope Applied, K.I.T. Richardson (1954) page 37 says it was in 1851. Can someone check and clarify. Richard n 19:01, 28 June 2010 (UTC)
"U.S. Patent 20,100,132,463, "MULTI-AXIS MEMS GYROSCOPE"."-I'm not sure what's being cited here, but there aren't that many patents in the US. Also, the link doesn't work. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.254.147.8 ( talk) 20:37, 6 July 2010 (UTC)
Somehow the gyros used in the GP-B experiment weren't in this article. The summery in the GP-B article was not gyro-centric so I wrote a new summery with appropriate citations. I also couldn't find a name for the general class of gyroscope under which this specific example resides, so I called it "London moment gyroscope." I didn't change the GP-P article to match since the rest of the "experiment" section there is non-technical. I Don't think it needs a new article until more information on other applications (other than the GP-B) turns up. Theshadow27 ( talk) 19:21, 18 January 2011 (UTC)
I have an idea for an animation that actually shows how precessional torques arise from linear momentum. Of course, since it is my idea I think it is better than any other animation. But I do not have the tools needed to make the animation. So, is there anyone, with the tools who would like to collaborate on making a better (or at least different) animation?
The image depicts a story board for this animation.
Constant314 ( talk) 04:35, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
In figure 1 an X shaped lug wrench is depicted that is hollow and made from a very light weight and stiff material. It is so light that it has no appreciable angular or linear inertia.
In figure 2, hollow spheres of the same light weight material are wrapped around two ends of the lug wrench. The entire apparatus has no appreciable angular or linear inertia. But, at the center of each sphere there is a very small very dense mass. These masses are so compact that they have no appreciable moment of inertia but it does have appreciable linear inertia. We'll call them point masses.
In figure 3 the apparatus has been set into rotary motion about the Z axis. The apparatus has a large angular momentum about the z axis. At the particular instant depicted, the apparatus has almost no moment of inertia about the X axis.
In figure 4, just as the apparatus lines up with the X axis it will be rotated about the X axis.
In figure 5, this rotation has been completed. Since the moment of inertia about the X axis is almost zero, its takes almost no torque and no time to make this rotation. Consider what happens to the point masses inside the sphere. They have negligible moment of inertia so they don't get appreciable angular momentum. But, their linear momentum is still there unchanged. The point masses attempt to continue rotating as they were.
In figure 6, the point masses continue to follow the same circle. But the vertical axis of the lug wrench is no longer aligned with the Z axis. The top and bottom of the lug wrench move in circles since they are part of a rigid apparatus. Constant314 ( talk) 15:02, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
Does the measurement have any dependency on the position of the gyro relative to the center of mass of the system? For example, if the gyro is near the front of an airplane, does it result in different cumulative error than if it is near the center of mass? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.55.55.39 ( talk) 19:48, 30 June 2011 (UTC)
"Within mechanical systems or devices, a conventional gyroscope is a mechanism comprising a rotor journaled to spin about one axis, the journals of the rotor being mounted in an inner gimbal or ring; the inner gimbal is journaled for oscillation in an outer gimbal for a total of two gimbals.
The outer gimbal or ring, which is the gyroscope frame, is mounted so as to pivot about an axis in its own plane determined by the support. This outer gimbal possesses one degree of rotational freedom and its axis possesses none. The next inner gimbal is mounted in the gyroscope frame (outer gimbal) so as to pivot about an axis in its own plane that is always perpendicular to the pivotal axis of the gyroscope frame (outer gimbal). This inner gimbal has two degrees of rotational freedom."
Well the diagram and the explanation clearly show three "rings", so why does it say "for a total of two gimbals"? I suspect the reason for this is that the gimbal is actually the pivoting joint between the rings, but I am not really an expert. This section needs to be checked so that it makes sense. Eregli bob ( talk) 21:56, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
It is possible to quickly find whether or not an egg has been boiled, by spinning it on a plate. Start spin with egg on its side ( use two hands to get fast enough rate), boiled egg will spin up on one end as a top. Someone might make a video of this and add notes. I wonder if spinning one direction or another makes any appreciable difference due to Coriolis effect? Signed JohnsonL623 ( talk) 05:44, 21 October 2012 (UTC)
a. Does the gyroscope change orientation in time with earth? In other words, if I leave a 3 gimbal gyro spinning horizontally from the morning will I find it oriented vertically in the afternoon? - פשוט pashute ♫ ( talk) 20:48, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
b. Can someone describe the "elevation affect" - having it easy to pick up a heavy turning flywheel from its axle, as shown on many science videos, in particular those of Eric Laithwaite? - פשוט pashute ♫ ( talk) 20:48, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
Thanks in advance פשוט pashute ♫ ( talk) 20:48, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
Ok, apologies here, because I'm not a physicist, but in the clause: "it changes in response to an external torque much less and in a different direction than it would with the large angular momentum associated with the disc's high rate of spin and moment of inertia" - shouldn't it be "without" instead of "with"? Peter Delmonte ( talk) 18:07, 17 October 2014 (UTC)
Greetings! I tried to wikify the citation style at the article [1], but I got reverted by "restore whitespace" [2].
Therefore, I'd like to ask you if the latter is a citation style we should embrace? I've seen that, at very few articles though, and always seen it removed (corrected). Besides, it's absolutely unbearable for the text space -editors to users.
Any thoughts? Cheers! Jayaguru-Shishya ( talk) 21:20, 22 June 2015 (UTC)
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