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Why convert glucose to glycogen? Size? How many calories are stored in the glycogen reserves of an average, healthy human? How long will this last during excercise, and will there be a noticable decline in performance once fat reserves are called upon? Is fat converted to glucose preemptively, before it's needed? Twilight Realm 22:23, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
The article says that glycogen is called "plant starch". That's a mistake, isn't it? D021317c 05:17, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
What is the relation of this with the liver which has become too fatty and bigger than the normal ? What this may indicate to and is this a reversible process and if yes how ? user:Infohnbc
I have no idea how to use wikipedia but I was looking at the first picture on the page and I think it is wrong.
There is an extra carbon represented on either side of the alpha 1,4 linkage. I think this is wrong. Could someone fix it? -Andrew —Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.105.213.41 ( talk) 06:14, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
I am a college student and I am writing a paper on the effects of carbohydrate loading on performance. What exactly happens (on a physiological level) when dietary carbohydrate intake is significantly increased? What happens to the excess stores of glycogen?
Mostly what happens is that once the liver and muscles are full of glycogen, excess glucose is used to synthesize triglycerides, and the triglycerides are stored as adipose. alteripse 11:04, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
I think this is useful in forming a link as to the cause of a fatty liver.Am I right in thinking that the formation of fatty voids in the liver starts with triglyceride cells?
Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis have their own articles, so how are we going to do it with the raections - add them to "Glycogen" with links from these two articles pointing to it, or the other way around - the links here in Glycogen and the explanations in "Glycogenolysis" and "Glycogenesis"? I think they should be here because their regulation is very tightly linked, very. Boris 20:20, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
The reason cells store energy as glycogen is because it has a MUCH lower osmotic effect than the single glucose molecules :) 195.93.21.8 18:53, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
The article says something to this effect. I think we will all agree that there would be genetic differences as to the size of the liver and muscles (probably somewhat proportionate to height and other size factors) which would modify this amount. There would probably be some sort of comparative ratio, varying for ideality.
What I am curious is... are we sure that the maximum glycogen stored in any specific area cannot be safely increased by training? Training obviously involves some sort of drainage, though I wouldn't know what. I am unsure how one would increase glycogen storage in the liver, whatever it would be, it would be more of a response to overall training loads, so it's best not to mind it. What I am curious about is the glycogen storage in the muscle tissues. When a muscle grows, be it multiplication of the contractive proteins (called myofibrilar hypertrophy) or the ability to expand them to let in more fluid (sarcoplasmic hypertrophy), in either case the muscle grows.
To reach greater amounts in size in either case, a muscle is exposed to overload. Overload would deplete glycogen stores at increasing speeds depending on resistance, and increasingly lower % based on volume. As the other tissues expand when a muscle grows, would it be unrealistic to assume that the muscle glycogen storage capacity also grows with it? With this, it also means that muscles would be able to exert more force without forcing the liver to release glycogen so that they can draw on its sugars. That would mean more glycogen can be held in the liver for more critical functions like the brain, or other organs. I think the point of forcing the liver to help out is what causes modifications in muscle size, even though I don't know why.
Of course, much of increases in endurance may just be due to a more efficient lactic acid uptake combined with better VO2 max for better aerobic energy production, so it may not be necessary for glycogen stores to increase at all, but mass is mass, even if fuel, so that would be interesting.
It might also explain why sometimes people's muscles are 'flat' when they're tired and depleted. Tyciol 12:47, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 07:54, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
so the first picture to the right, that shows the structure of glycogen, is wrong as it shows an extra carbon branching of the pentose ring. the oxygen atom should be drawn directly to the 1st carbon on one ring to the 4th carbon on the other, there is no ch2 group off the ring. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.22.9.228 ( talk) 08:54, 26 April 2008 (UTC)
Yes, I was wondering why this was. I looked in my human biochemistry textbook (Mosby), it is wrong in there also. I have various organic texts in my office (I am an Organic Chem Prof.); they get it right. I find it correct and incorrect on various sites on the internet. Glycogen is a polymer of glucose formed from mostly 1,4-α-glycosidic linkages. The carbohydrate polymer does not have ether functionality depicted in the Wikipedia page. I am going to attempt to switch out this picture. ArthurCammers ( talk) 17:48, 19 September 2014 (UTC)
The lead states that glycogen is "commonly known" as animal starch. I agree with the analogy but I have never ever heard/read anyone using the term. If theres no proof to the contrary I'm going to reword it. Sahmejil ( talk) 09:07, 6 October 2009 (UTC)
The article currently starts with "Glycogen is the molecule that functions as the secondary long-term energy storage in animal and fungal cells ... "; but I can't see anywhere where it tells us what the primary long-term storage is - if I knew, I'd add it, but I would have thought glycogen was, and unfortunately the reference for this sentence is a book so we can't check what it says. -- jjron ( talk) 08:24, 27 April 2011 (UTC)
Oh, maybe in this sense fats would be being regarded as the primary storage? Definitely not at all clear. -- jjron ( talk) 08:26, 27 April 2011 (UTC)
OK, have added in that fats ( adipose tissue) are the primary energy storage, just so it makes some sense. -- jjron ( talk) 00:24, 28 April 2011 (UTC)
I have changed the heading because "debt" implies you have none left, but you can borrow some. It also obscures that you started with a fixed store, it is being used up, at some point it will be depleted, and there is no mechanism to borrow some from anywhere in the body. -- Solidpoint ( talk) 01:07, 28 July 2011 (UTC)
The second paragraph states "Glycogen is a polymer of α(1→4) glycosidic bonds linked, with α(1→4)-linked braches" but surely the chain linkages and the branch linkages are different types; I suspect that the latter part of this statement should read "with α(1→6)-linked braches" since the side branch attaches to the 6 position. 216.58.38.82 ( talk) 03:34, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
There is a problem in the paragraph "Glycogen depletion and endurance exercise": It claims that "Glycogen depletion can be forestalled in four possible ways". but then only lists three.
Is one missing, or should it say "three possible ways"?
Whiterabbit fr31 ( talk) 08:06, 9 December 2011 (UTC)
The picture on the right says something about sahedosomes, but I think that's a typo that originates from the source where he got it from. Looking it up on Google yields only 6 results, leading me to believe it's a typo of some kind. Can someone confirm my suspicion? Airgum ( talk) 22:20, 30 May 2018 (UTC)
The comment(s) below were originally left at Talk:Glycogen/Comments, and are posted here for posterity. Following several discussions in past years, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.
Rated "high" as highschool/SAT biology content. The article needs referencing. - tameeria 04:37, 9 March 2007 (UTC) |
Last edited at 04:37, 9 March 2007 (UTC). Substituted at 16:26, 29 April 2016 (UTC)
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Glycogen vs fat
Prosper omoregie ( talk) 12:52, 16 August 2018 (UTC)
Glycogen is similar to amylopectin Prosper omoregie ( talk) 13:13, 16 August 2018 (UTC)
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 30 January 2023 and 20 May 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Twlw ( article contribs).
— Assignment last updated by Bubbstar ( talk) 20:11, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
As a reader, it is not at all clear what is meant by the line "main storage form of glucose in the human body"--how is "main" defined in this case? It seems very ambiguous and arbitrary. One might say "preferential" storage form, as my understanding is the body will preferentially store glucose as glycogen if possible (i.e., if glycogen reserves have been depleted and there is storage space available). But that space is very limited (roughly 400 grams in skeletal muscle for a 70-kg adult, per the article), and any given person will be storing far, far, far more glucose as triglycerides in adipose tissue--as such, one could easily argue that triglycerides are the "main" storage form instead.
I'm somewhat of a layperson, though, and may be misunderstanding something. (Like, I guess one could argue when it's converted to triglycerides, it's no longer technically storing glucose?) Nonetheless, I feel the article might benefit from a more specific/less ambiguous term there, or an explanation for why the term is used, or at the very least a citation. AlexanderTrev ( talk) 22:43, 29 June 2023 (UTC)
This
level-4 vital article is rated B-class on Wikipedia's
content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Ideal sources for Wikipedia's health content are defined in the guideline
Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine) and are typically
review articles. Here are links to possibly useful sources of information about Glycogen.
|
Why convert glucose to glycogen? Size? How many calories are stored in the glycogen reserves of an average, healthy human? How long will this last during excercise, and will there be a noticable decline in performance once fat reserves are called upon? Is fat converted to glucose preemptively, before it's needed? Twilight Realm 22:23, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
The article says that glycogen is called "plant starch". That's a mistake, isn't it? D021317c 05:17, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
What is the relation of this with the liver which has become too fatty and bigger than the normal ? What this may indicate to and is this a reversible process and if yes how ? user:Infohnbc
I have no idea how to use wikipedia but I was looking at the first picture on the page and I think it is wrong.
There is an extra carbon represented on either side of the alpha 1,4 linkage. I think this is wrong. Could someone fix it? -Andrew —Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.105.213.41 ( talk) 06:14, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
I am a college student and I am writing a paper on the effects of carbohydrate loading on performance. What exactly happens (on a physiological level) when dietary carbohydrate intake is significantly increased? What happens to the excess stores of glycogen?
Mostly what happens is that once the liver and muscles are full of glycogen, excess glucose is used to synthesize triglycerides, and the triglycerides are stored as adipose. alteripse 11:04, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
I think this is useful in forming a link as to the cause of a fatty liver.Am I right in thinking that the formation of fatty voids in the liver starts with triglyceride cells?
Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis have their own articles, so how are we going to do it with the raections - add them to "Glycogen" with links from these two articles pointing to it, or the other way around - the links here in Glycogen and the explanations in "Glycogenolysis" and "Glycogenesis"? I think they should be here because their regulation is very tightly linked, very. Boris 20:20, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
The reason cells store energy as glycogen is because it has a MUCH lower osmotic effect than the single glucose molecules :) 195.93.21.8 18:53, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
The article says something to this effect. I think we will all agree that there would be genetic differences as to the size of the liver and muscles (probably somewhat proportionate to height and other size factors) which would modify this amount. There would probably be some sort of comparative ratio, varying for ideality.
What I am curious is... are we sure that the maximum glycogen stored in any specific area cannot be safely increased by training? Training obviously involves some sort of drainage, though I wouldn't know what. I am unsure how one would increase glycogen storage in the liver, whatever it would be, it would be more of a response to overall training loads, so it's best not to mind it. What I am curious about is the glycogen storage in the muscle tissues. When a muscle grows, be it multiplication of the contractive proteins (called myofibrilar hypertrophy) or the ability to expand them to let in more fluid (sarcoplasmic hypertrophy), in either case the muscle grows.
To reach greater amounts in size in either case, a muscle is exposed to overload. Overload would deplete glycogen stores at increasing speeds depending on resistance, and increasingly lower % based on volume. As the other tissues expand when a muscle grows, would it be unrealistic to assume that the muscle glycogen storage capacity also grows with it? With this, it also means that muscles would be able to exert more force without forcing the liver to release glycogen so that they can draw on its sugars. That would mean more glycogen can be held in the liver for more critical functions like the brain, or other organs. I think the point of forcing the liver to help out is what causes modifications in muscle size, even though I don't know why.
Of course, much of increases in endurance may just be due to a more efficient lactic acid uptake combined with better VO2 max for better aerobic energy production, so it may not be necessary for glycogen stores to increase at all, but mass is mass, even if fuel, so that would be interesting.
It might also explain why sometimes people's muscles are 'flat' when they're tired and depleted. Tyciol 12:47, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 07:54, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
so the first picture to the right, that shows the structure of glycogen, is wrong as it shows an extra carbon branching of the pentose ring. the oxygen atom should be drawn directly to the 1st carbon on one ring to the 4th carbon on the other, there is no ch2 group off the ring. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.22.9.228 ( talk) 08:54, 26 April 2008 (UTC)
Yes, I was wondering why this was. I looked in my human biochemistry textbook (Mosby), it is wrong in there also. I have various organic texts in my office (I am an Organic Chem Prof.); they get it right. I find it correct and incorrect on various sites on the internet. Glycogen is a polymer of glucose formed from mostly 1,4-α-glycosidic linkages. The carbohydrate polymer does not have ether functionality depicted in the Wikipedia page. I am going to attempt to switch out this picture. ArthurCammers ( talk) 17:48, 19 September 2014 (UTC)
The lead states that glycogen is "commonly known" as animal starch. I agree with the analogy but I have never ever heard/read anyone using the term. If theres no proof to the contrary I'm going to reword it. Sahmejil ( talk) 09:07, 6 October 2009 (UTC)
The article currently starts with "Glycogen is the molecule that functions as the secondary long-term energy storage in animal and fungal cells ... "; but I can't see anywhere where it tells us what the primary long-term storage is - if I knew, I'd add it, but I would have thought glycogen was, and unfortunately the reference for this sentence is a book so we can't check what it says. -- jjron ( talk) 08:24, 27 April 2011 (UTC)
Oh, maybe in this sense fats would be being regarded as the primary storage? Definitely not at all clear. -- jjron ( talk) 08:26, 27 April 2011 (UTC)
OK, have added in that fats ( adipose tissue) are the primary energy storage, just so it makes some sense. -- jjron ( talk) 00:24, 28 April 2011 (UTC)
I have changed the heading because "debt" implies you have none left, but you can borrow some. It also obscures that you started with a fixed store, it is being used up, at some point it will be depleted, and there is no mechanism to borrow some from anywhere in the body. -- Solidpoint ( talk) 01:07, 28 July 2011 (UTC)
The second paragraph states "Glycogen is a polymer of α(1→4) glycosidic bonds linked, with α(1→4)-linked braches" but surely the chain linkages and the branch linkages are different types; I suspect that the latter part of this statement should read "with α(1→6)-linked braches" since the side branch attaches to the 6 position. 216.58.38.82 ( talk) 03:34, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
There is a problem in the paragraph "Glycogen depletion and endurance exercise": It claims that "Glycogen depletion can be forestalled in four possible ways". but then only lists three.
Is one missing, or should it say "three possible ways"?
Whiterabbit fr31 ( talk) 08:06, 9 December 2011 (UTC)
The picture on the right says something about sahedosomes, but I think that's a typo that originates from the source where he got it from. Looking it up on Google yields only 6 results, leading me to believe it's a typo of some kind. Can someone confirm my suspicion? Airgum ( talk) 22:20, 30 May 2018 (UTC)
The comment(s) below were originally left at Talk:Glycogen/Comments, and are posted here for posterity. Following several discussions in past years, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.
Rated "high" as highschool/SAT biology content. The article needs referencing. - tameeria 04:37, 9 March 2007 (UTC) |
Last edited at 04:37, 9 March 2007 (UTC). Substituted at 16:26, 29 April 2016 (UTC)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified one external link on Glycogen. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
An editor has reviewed this edit and fixed any errors that were found.
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot ( Report bug) 03:45, 20 October 2017 (UTC)
Glycogen vs fat
Prosper omoregie ( talk) 12:52, 16 August 2018 (UTC)
Glycogen is similar to amylopectin Prosper omoregie ( talk) 13:13, 16 August 2018 (UTC)
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 30 January 2023 and 20 May 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Twlw ( article contribs).
— Assignment last updated by Bubbstar ( talk) 20:11, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
As a reader, it is not at all clear what is meant by the line "main storage form of glucose in the human body"--how is "main" defined in this case? It seems very ambiguous and arbitrary. One might say "preferential" storage form, as my understanding is the body will preferentially store glucose as glycogen if possible (i.e., if glycogen reserves have been depleted and there is storage space available). But that space is very limited (roughly 400 grams in skeletal muscle for a 70-kg adult, per the article), and any given person will be storing far, far, far more glucose as triglycerides in adipose tissue--as such, one could easily argue that triglycerides are the "main" storage form instead.
I'm somewhat of a layperson, though, and may be misunderstanding something. (Like, I guess one could argue when it's converted to triglycerides, it's no longer technically storing glucose?) Nonetheless, I feel the article might benefit from a more specific/less ambiguous term there, or an explanation for why the term is used, or at the very least a citation. AlexanderTrev ( talk) 22:43, 29 June 2023 (UTC)