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This article contains a translation of Geneviève Fraisse from fr.wikipedia.

what does it mean? That she holds a PhD or that she is an MD? Clarification needed Gracian3 ( talk) 15:56, 23 February 2013 (UTC)Gracian3 Gracian3 ( talk) 15:56, 23 February 2013 (UTC) There is no "PhD" in France. Considered as a lowly degree. Full professors who hold a "doctorat" have then to obtain a sought after "habilitation à diriger des recherches". However Fraisse holds a Doctorat d'Etat, which is far above a "PhD"or the "habilitation" and is no longer awarded due to its extreme difficulty. Only very few hold still this title nowadays (usually professors in the sixties). reply