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Are the falling and rising diphthongs in Italian labeled backwards? nidflocken 69.109.168.12 21:04, 26 February 2006 (UTC)
Something silly: until I read this on Wikipedia, I thought my Spanish teacher was talking about "tiptongues" or "dipdongs". But I think I can be excused a little bit because she speaks English, French, and Spanish with a French accent... ok, end of silliness : ) -- Dreamyshade
need help getting the other language dipthongs identified
Yes, but in order to show that a diphthong is a phoneme you have to assume it is a phoneme in the first place. There is no definitive proof that this or that sound combination is or is not a phoneme using traditional phoneme criteria. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 133.7.7.240 ( talk) 11:35, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
Most phonology nowadays has nothing whatsoever to do with phonemes. Besides it's arbitrarily narrow to define a given diphthong as 'phonemic' only if you can put it in lexical opposition to another phoneme. How do we know how many diphthongal phonemes English has when we can't even get an agreed-to account of how many phonemes English has? What is often meant is that if you take some pronounced diphthongal vowels in , for example, American English, they don't form a contrast with a less diphthongal variation of a similar vowel. Diphthongs were originally conceived as phonetic descriptions anyway. Then phonemics got in the way, and now it's the obsolete little ugly duckling in the room. 133.7.7.240 ( talk) 07:56, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
>>Korean, Cantonese, Mandarin, and Japanese all have true diphthongs. I'm not sure about other Chinese languages, though. Anybody who tells you that Japanese doesn't have diphthongs either doesn't understand what the term means, or is going by some extremely idiosyncratic definitions.<<
Well many here at wikilinguistics pages tend to use old sources and ones stuck in structuralist phonemics. Moreover, in the case of Japanese, things are made difficult by overlapping confusions of mora, syllable, long vowels forming the nucleus of one, no wait, two syllables (because they confuse mora with syllable), etc. So it is very difficult to make much progress in discussing the issues with them. Also, you have to remember in the case of a language like Japanese, descriptions of it, including phonological and phonetic, exist for and are motivated by different goals: 1. for native literacy, 2. for JSL & JFL learning, 3. for academic phonetics and phonology (themselves more and more not distinct fields). 133.7.7.240 ( talk) 08:01, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
I'll stick to it in both places and anywhere else it is relevant, thank you just the same. 133.7.7.240 ( talk) 08:49, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
Here is a fairly good description of diphthongs in the Italian language (sorry it's in Italian ...) http://www.italicon.it/modulo.asp?M=m00199&S=4&P=5
I have changed many things in the wiki article since it was a bit confusing. Besides, "seem" in English is mainly pronounced with a long vowel (often with a diphthong), so I changed the example with "sum", which has always a short and stable vowel.
Carnby 84.222.53.158 14:36, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
Again, in the article there's a confusing usage of the symbols [j] [ĭ] and [i] which should represent different phones. We should use a standardized transcription system.
Carnby 84.222.52.85 21:10, 30 December 2005 (UTC)
Not all phoneticians agree that semivowel+vowel combinations should be considered as diphthongs, e.g.: see Canepari on Italian diphthongs. According to this author, there are many fewer diphthongs in Italian than shown here, since semivowels are not proper vowels, so they can't be part of diphthongs.
Something about the different definitions of diphthong in use or having been used historically should be included here.
FT77 00:46, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
I think there is the [aw]-sound missing in the list for standard German (e.g. "Auto")
Isn't the word also spelled: Dipthongs. I have seen it like this before, and I think it should be listed as an alternative spelling. → J @ red talk + ubx 02:17, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
According to Mirriam Webster, the "pth" is an official secondary pronunciation.
From the article:
"Falling diphthongs start with a higher vowel, e.g., [iə], while rising diphthongs end with a higher vowel, e.g., [ai]. In closing diphthongs, the second element is closer than the first;"
This is not the definition I'm familiar with. I thought that falling diphthongs were the ones with stress on the first vowel, and rising diphthongs were the ones with stress on the second vowel. See the diphthongs of Romanian, for example; in [e̯o] and [uj], the height of both vowels is the same. FilipeS 10:41, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
Let me explain what I mean with a couple of examples. In Portuguese, there are diphthongs like ui [ui ̯] and iu [iu̯] -- or [uj] and [iw]; the difference (if there is a difference) is not phonemic. These are called falling diphthongs in traditional grammar because they are composed of vowel + semivowel. Yet both [i] and [u] have the same height! There are also rising diphthongs, composed of semivowel + vowel, for example uí [u̯i] and iú [i ̯u] (or [wi], [ju]). Again, in this case both elements of the diphthong have the same height. I understand that linguists may prefer more technical definitions than conventional grammars, but I don't see how the definition used in the article would account for these cases and differences... FilipeS 12:20, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
I've made the change in the definition. The factor influencing whether a diphthong is falling or rising is sonority. A falling d. has falling sonority (so the tongue slides from a lower vowel to a higher vowel, in terms of the vowel grid, because that is how sonority decreases within the class of vowels). A rising d. has a rising sonority profile.
Thank you. I've taken the liberty of rewriting the definition a little bit. FilipeS 21:58, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
in all seriousness, do you guys pronounce this word DIP-thong or DIFF-thong? Kɔffee Drinker McVonn 03:49, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
This article should explain as I believe to be the case, the American removal and ignor-ance of the diphthong as the cause of the American mis-pronunciation of words like Paedophile, because they spell it Pedophile. Why say wikipeeedia, but not peeedophile?
Yes they do. In Kill Bill vol 1, The bride/uma thurman says the word 'pedophile'. I heard how she said it, it's the normal american way to say it. I'm British and we never say it like that! Surely this is because we spell it differently! -- 81.105.251.160 07:45, 26 May 2006 (UTC)
I'm back! We say the ped part (paed) as to rhyme with feed or need. Uma Thurman, and many Americans say it as if ped rhymes with said or fed. I accept that your superior knowledge of philology means that you may be right that it is not the spelling that is the cause of the difference. If not, then what is? Is it just another word that is said "wrong". -- Americans pronounc mobile as if there is no e on the end. -- 81.105.251.160 20:09, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
This article has a serious omission: the Danish diphthongs that are, in fact, additional 'letters' in the Danish alphabet. Has anyone the expertise to add this section? I could only do so in an amateur sort of way. - Ballista 05:30, 22 September 2006 (UTC)
Some recent additions to the section on Portuguese are wrong. I have tried to discuss this with the user who made them, but he seems to have gone away, so I am going to revert them. FilipeS 21:21, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
This may seem silly for this entry, but I know that in [King's Quest VI: Heir Today, Gone Tomorrow] Diphthong is personified as a little creature that say a nonsensical diphthong. I also recall the term being mentioned in a movie, but I can't recall what movie (The Pagemaster, maybe?). BrainRotMenacer 04:48, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
Hi. In Polish Wikipedia I've added graph that presents a glide from one vowel to another in English diphthongs. See on the right: .
-- Krzysztofpawliszak 23:45, 27 January 2007 (UTC)
While ordering the languages alphabetically is a good idea, I think it might be beneficial to present English diphthongs first (and then the rest alphabetically) readers are likely to be most familiar with the English language and using English diphthongs as the first set of examples can help readers, especially those unfamiliar with phonology, to quickly grasp the concept. Ƶ§œš¹ [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi] 05:18, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
It seems to me there could be three (or even four) ways to pronounce this word:
Obviously "dip thong" is the one that comes into your head when looking at the word, "diff thong" is the most likely pronunciation and "daif thong" is a pronunciation that stems from "di" (rhymes with pie) as in two (mono, di, tri). That would mean triphthong was pronounced traif-thong. Does anyone have any sources for which is correct (if any)? And should it be included in the article?-- Boothman /tɔːk/ 19:27, 15 May 2007 (UTC).
This page is utterly biased towards european languages. Many other languages have dipthongs too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 156.145.252.28 ( talk)
I made a table to show a comparison of English dialects so we could see them side by side. Perhaps, rather than sectioning off the languages and listing the diphthongs repeatedly we could have a table that has a list of common diphthongs, languages that have them (with examples) and then languages that have unusual or rare diphthongs can be discussed as well. Here's a crude example
ai | au | oi | eu | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arabic | šayṭan | mudawla | ||||||
Finnish | laiva | äiti | lauha | poika | leuto | |||
Italian | avrai | pausa | voi | poi | Europa | feudo |
What do you guys think? Ƶ§œš¹ [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi] 00:35, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
Hi there, do you have sources for those diphtongs. In France there is a religion that diphtongs dont exist anymore in modern french, except within some dialects like canadian french ! .... I am try to discuss this theory in the french wikipedia page and I am quoting this article but with some sources it would have more weight... stefjourdan at caramail.com or user motunono on fr.wikipedia —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 203.173.190.18 ( talk) 03:03, August 21, 2007 (UTC)
That probably has to do with the distinction between rising diphthongs (which many linguists seem to analyse as approximant + monophthong) and falling diphthongs (proper diphthongs). Many French diphthongs are of the rising kind. However, the article lists a few falling ones as well. FilipeS
In standard Netherlands Dutch, /e/, /ø/ and /o/ are diphtongues as well, more like /ei/, /øy/ and /ou/ (see Dutch phonology page). I'll included them with a footnote, anyone disagree? EDIT: ok, done, tell me what you think. Jalwikip 09:35, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
I think we should create a 'diphthongues in different languages' page, to keep the linguistic stuff apart from the examples. Otherwise this page is going to grow and grow, the actual definition becoming only a very small part of it. Also, I think it would be nice to include diphthongue graphs for each language then, most are available from the respective phonology pages. Jalwikip 09:37, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
I will refer to Spanish only as it is the language I know the most. This may be useful for anyone, though, and you may have better examples from other languages. There's no information concerning the relationship between diphthongs and stress (and intonation), even though the latter can determine to some extent whether a diphthong rises or falls. They only describe rising and falling diphthongs, and compare them with each other. Since they show some examples in the same paragraph, it might easily be (mis)understood that the rising or falling is inherent to those particular examples (they just happen to mention /aɪ̯/ and /ɪ̯a/ so it seems as though the /-ɪ̯// ɪ̯-/ sound must always correspond to the vowel with less prominence). If you thought that this misunderstanding couldn’t arise just from this unintentional detail, please scroll down and pay attention to how the examples are displayed: Spanish Diphthongs in Spanish: rising
... It looks like those are the only possibilities for standard Spanish (and nothing else). Moreover, they unintentionally make it appear as if /ja/ could only be in the “rising” section and never in the “falling” section. In "comedia", the diphthong is unstressed so it's not easy to tell which vowel is more prominent (you can only tell that it opens). I think comediante is less ambiguous, but again this is because of the stress: co-me-dia [ko'mɛdja]; co-me-dian-te [komɛ'djantɛ]. Dio is alright, since the diphthong certainly rises but also consider other words such as predio. Please correct me if I’m wrong but I just pronounce comedia over and over and never get a clear ascending diphthong. We’re considering isolated words only. However, intonation should also be significant in more complex structures such as sentences. For the time meaning, I’ll only replace the somewhat ambiguous examples. -- Quinceps ( talk) 04:15, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
[el ˈβjen̪to ˈnoɾte ʝ el ˈsol poɾˈfjaβan soβɾe ˈkwal̪ˈdeʎoˈs eɾa e̯l ˈmasˈfweɾte kwan̪do̯ aθeɾˈto a̯paˈsaɾ um bjaˈxeɾo̯emˈbwel̪to̯ eˈn ãnʲtʃa ˈkapa]
El viento norte y el sol porfiaban sobre cuál de ellos era el más fuerte, cuando acertó a pasar un viajero envuelto en ancha capa.
In part, yes. I guess you're right and I should have provided that kind of examples to clarify. However, even if you pronounce words separately (as they are shown in the list of rising and falling Spanish diphthongs) you get some words where it's very difficult to tell whether the diphthong rises or falls (as I mentioned before, you could tell if they open or close more easily). That's why I think the falling-rising criterion is not always the best way to classify diphthongs. So my opinion was, if they are going to keep it as it is they should at least give some less ambiguous examples.-- Quinceps 16:06, 4 December 2007 (UTC)
Sorry Aeusoes, would you care to explain how /j/ and /w/ are “inaccurate”, please? The sounds /ɪ/ and /ʊ/ do not exist in (standard at least) Portuguese. And Portuguese language phonologists usually use either /j/ and /w/ or /i̯/ and /u̯/. Ten Islands ( talk) 05:56, 13 February 2008 (UTC)
Since this article is cross-linguistic, I thought it important to be precise phonetically. To that end I've converted the entries from phonemic to phonetic transcription, and attempted to rigorously distinguish semivowel from approximant. Yes, I know that not all phoneticians make that distinction, and that even if they do, it is not important for many of these languages, but it *is* relevant when comparing languages. And many of the examples were written as hiatus, which is confusing if you don't know the language. I'm sure I made a few (ha!) misteaks. Latvian needs serious review—there were 52 diphthongs, when the Latvian article says 6! Also, I don't what to do with some of the odder Germanic diphthongs. When there is a length mark at the end, is that for the final component, or for the diphthong as a whole? We need to add the semivowel diacritic and perhaps move the length diacritics. kwami ( talk) 22:04, 3 June 2008 (UTC)
I just removed some non-existing diphtongs from the Latvian section. All the deleted examples are loanwords and their vocals are hardly pronounced as diphtongs. The example "souls" is also a loanword, I'll try to think of an inherited word to replace it. I will also try to look up the correct IPA transcriptions, I think the [uo] in "ruoka" should be [uɐ], and [iɛ] in "iela" should be [iɐ]. Mjbjosh ( talk) 15:50, 20 June 2008 (UTC)
Next week I'll try to find a proper academic monography on Latvian phonetics. I already have one in mind, namely "Laua, Alise: Latviešu literārās valodas fonētika. - R: Zvaigzne ABC, 1997." It's in Latvian, but I don't know of alternative serious English sources on Latvian phonetics. Mjbjosh ( talk) 20:38, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
It depends on whether they can form the nuclei of syllables. In English /ju/ is a diphthong, but /jo/ is not. kwami ( talk) 19:50, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
Hello. I have an actual grammar on the Latvian language from the year 2001. It lists the following vowel combinings, that traditionally are considered like diphthongs: /ai/, /au/, /iu/, /ui/, /ei/, /ie/, /iæ/, /ue/ and /uæ/, which are written like that: ai, au, iu, ui, ei, ie, o. For /ie/ and /iæ/ is used ie and for /ue/ and /uæ/ is used o. Greetings -- Tlustulimu ( talk) 18:37, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
Could someone check the greek spelling of "dipthong" at the begining of the page? The transliteration is written as "Diphthongos" but the actually greek, as written, would be pronounced, if i'm not mistaken, "diphthogos." There is no nu in the greek spelling of the word so one of these must be incorrect. Perhaps one of the gamma's should be a nu? I'm not certain, as i'm only a first year greek student but...that doesn't seem right 167.206.69.62 ( talk) 13:44, 24 October 2008 (UTC)Leonidas
Is this really true? I realize the most are falling, but all? What about words like 'pure'? There are definitely 2 vowel sounds 'j' and 'u' and one syllable. And here the second is more important, making it a rising diphthong. Or do you just not want to call it a diphthong at all? Any comments? DrG ( talk) 14:39, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
In the table in the English section of "Diphthongs in various languages" Canadian English is listed as a sub-category of American English. Why? -- 72.39.35.178 ( talk) 20:15, 4 March 2009 (UTC)
About my recent changes that was reverted, the Portuguese semivowels are not [ʊ] and [ɪ], the last /u/ in cúmulo (identified as [ʊ] in Portuguese_phonology#Unstressed_vowels) is not the same in quando or sul, Bisol identifies the coda /l/ as a [w] and explain its history in the page 211 [2], Bisol explains the coda /l/ was velarized [ɫ], later labialized and velarized [lʷ], and then [w], the author uses even brackets to represent the w, don't need to understand Portuguese for check this source, since it uses a very clear representation in that page, or if you want you can use the Google translator, though as the Google books doesn't allow copy and paste you should type yourself for translate.-- Luizdl ( talk) 05:46, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
In the pages about diphthongs and hiatuses the author also uses [j] and [w] in phonetics transcription (page 121), the transcriptions of those pages are so phonetics that the author represents even the pre nasalizations and represents the /ɐ̃/ in the diphthong /wɐ̃/ as [wɑ̃], showing that the /ɐ̃/ after an /w/ is more back than in other cases, so, if these transcription show so many phonetics variation and uses [j] and [w], and if in your source in English uses [ʊ] and [ɪ], then it seems that is the author in English who used phonemic symbols for the English speaking linguists better understand, and it is phonetically inaccurate.--
Luizdl (
talk)
12:40, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
Here it is [3], this document in English from the University of California, Berkeley, says that they are palatal approximants and labiovelar approximants, in the section "Diphthongs (and triphthongs)" page 7.
Utilizing the palatal approximant [j] and the labio-velar approximant [w], any stressed vowel
may form a rising or falling diphthong [7] with the exception of [ij ji] or [uw wu]. It is thus
possible to produce twenty-four distinct diphthongs, and a few triphthongs. The diphthongs
are illustrated in Table 1. (Many of these examples are from [7].)
who thinks this is a weird word? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.71.18.210 ( talk) 15:40, 13 April 2011 (UTC)
Okay, I just want to ask something. In my native language - Bulgarian, we have these combinations [ja] - ябълка [ja.bəl.kɐ] - apple, [ju] - ютия [ju.ti.jɐ] - an iron, [aj] - майка [maj.kɐ] - mother, [oj] - кой [koj]- who , [ej] - пейка [pej.kɐ] - bench, [ij] - чий [tʃij] -whose etc. I'm curious if they could be considered as diphthongs or not. Thank you. 212.50.76.237 ( talk) 18:07, 14 September 2011 (UTC) 212.50.76.237 ( talk) 19:49, 22 September 2011 (UTC)
"The presence of alternations among related words or related dialects between diphthongs and monophthongs, sequences of vowel and consonant, or sequences of two vowels in separate syllables The restrictions (or lack thereof) on the diphthongs that can occur The existence of glides such as /w/ and /j/ as separate phonemes in the language The behavior of the diphthong when a vowel directly follows The historical origin of the diphthong"
Very good points, do you have citations about that ? The first part of the first sentence is very important and should be separated from the other idea at the end. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.57.189.138 ( talk) 04:10, 31 October 2011 (UTC)
In the Italian diphthongs table the value [ei] is given for the second entry "potrei". That's wrong, "potrei" actually sounds [potrɛi] and the diphthong found in it is just like the one of following "sei". Source: I'm a native speaker. It would surprise me to learn that this kind of error was copied from that Italian textbook cited as reference for the table, apparently published by two Italians. Anyway, if you want an example of [ei] - which is gonna be very rare as a diphthong in Italian, being [ɛi] the form one finds almost everywhere - I think you could use "teina" [teina] (the substance found in tea). It carries the accent on "i", but "-ei-" sounds like a diphthong to me and not a hiatus. Also, maybe "sei" should be disambuigated. "Sei" is the number 6, but also the very frequent verb form for "you are". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.53.130.251 ( talk) 11:52, 6 March 2012 (UTC)
According to the table in the article entitled "Standard English diphthongs", the General American pronunciation of a word like "lean" is the same as the Australian pronunciation of said word. I strongly disagree with this assertion. To me, the pronunciation of "lean" and other words with that vowel is one of the most noticeable differences between the two accents. I see that there are some sources cited at the bottom of the article, but I can't figure out which one of them that claim comes from.
From a systemic perspective, I can see how the vowel in "lean" could be [ɪi̯] in Australian English, as the vowel in "lane" in that accent is [æɪ̯]. But it doesn't seem possible in Gen Am, where the the onset of /eɪ/ is still close-mid. Such a distinction would surely be too difficult to maintain. I also disagree that the vowel of "loon" is [ʊu] in Gen Am. This would surely be too close to the [ou] of "loan".
Accentman ( talk) 13:54, 24 November 2012 (UTC)
Well, the Broad vowel clearly has way more movement than the GA vowel. I don't think anyone would disagree with that. That's why I figured you meant Cultivated there. And that's what I'm saying: I think even the Cultivated vowel has more movement than the archetypal General American one (if the archetypal GA one has any movement at all). I also think [ɪi] is more likely in RP than GA. Maybe I can find some linguist/author who agrees with me. It was nice talking to you again Accentman ( talk) 17:33, 26 November 2012 (UTC)
Broad | General | Cultivated |
---|---|---|
[ɪi] | [əːɪ] |
It functions more as a forum for linguists than as an encyclopedia article. 208.68.128.90 ( talk) 14:34, 7 March 2014 (UTC)
I'm sorry, but why aren't Latin diphthongs ae, au, ei, eu, oe, ui listed? They are very important in the evolution of pronunciation in various European languages and should be added ASAP. 78.0.238.250 ( talk) 12:04, 30 March 2014 (UTC)
The article needs more information on what distinguishes a phonetic from a phonemic diphthong. In some cases diphthongs are phonemic because they develop from monophthongs by vowel shift, like English house and German Haus from earlier hūs. Some diphthongs are clearly not phonemic based on this criterion, like Italian piu from Latin plus and Spanish muy from Latin multum, but some cases of phonemic diphthongs also don't fulfill the criterion, like German Frau from Middle High German vrouwe. I suppose this is because the last example is merged with the diphthongs-from-monophthongs as in the first example, and thus takes their phonemic nature onto itself. But a source on this subject should be found and its reasoning added to the article.
The Spanish section says that Spanish has 15 total phonemic diphthongs; I believe this is incorrect and will change it to phonetic, but I don't have access to the sources to verify that I'm right. — Eru· tuon 21:29, 18 January 2015 (UTC)
The article monophthong is currently stub-size, since I moved the discussion of Monophthongization to another article. It could therefore be merged with this article. If so, this article would have to be moved to Diphthong and monophthong, similar to Endocentric and exocentric, and other article names that I can't recall. This would require a lot of link-fixing, but that can easily be done with AutoWikiBrowser.
Also, the list of languages is too long. Most languages should be moved to a separate article, which could be titled List of diphthongs, while more notable languages, like English, German, French, Spanish, and Mandarin could be kept here.
What do others think? — Eru· tuon 22:13, 19 February 2015 (UTC)
On second thought, we could replace the lists of diphthongs with a brief discussion of which languages in which families have diphthongs, how many, and what type. For instance, Romance languages have a lot, and Mainland Southeast Asian languages frequently have rising diphthongs, hence the syllable analyis of initial, medial, nucleus, and final. Romanian has unusual diphthongs, and so do Finnish and Estonian. Typological highlights, basically. — Eru· tuon 22:18, 19 February 2015 (UTC)
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(I'm not used to using [ ], I'm used to / /. I'm getting off that habit)
I believe it is a close-front vowel as opposed to near-close-front vowel. Let's take two diphthongs as an example: [aɪ] and [eɪ].
In [aɪ], you get a much more similar sound pronouncing it [a.i]
And it isn't a near-close, you can feel that one.
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I notice that in the wikipedia in Spanish a difference is made about these two diphthongs in Spanish, but not in the wiki in English, and that even the word they use in wiki in english to represent the diphthong [ju] it is used to represent the diphthong [iu̯] in wiki in spanish . I believe that the two are the same diphthong, [ju]. I say this since I have not found a difference in my speech, I being Mexican, but it may be that, yes, just because of that I tell you that it might be convenient to estudy by us something.-- Unvatopensante ( talk) 18:03, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
The article doesn't mention which diphthongs are short in Present English or Old English -- Backinstadiums ( talk) 18:22, 10 March 2020 (UTC)
Vietnamese language has more than 3 diphtongs. In addition to the notations ia~iê, ưa~ươ, ua~uô, diphtongs ui and uy should be added. Corresponding IPA for ui and uy is [ui].
Some pronunciations according to IPA are unfortunately not correct. They are corrected as follows:
iê pronounced as [ie] and not [iə̯] as noted.
ưa pronounced as [ɯə] and not [ɨə̯] as noted.
ươ pronounced as [ɯə] and not [ɨə̯] as noted. Beautiful Bavaria ( talk) 14:35, 1 November 2020 (UTC)
Under the Length heading, there is a passage followed by both a citation (Reference 12 to be precise) and a Citation Needed note. It appears that Citation Needed was marked prior to the source being added, and the source does appear to back up the claim made in the passage. Would it be appropriate to now remove the Citation Needed marker? Mmorourke ( talk) 03:54, 17 October 2021 (UTC)
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 11 January 2023 and 27 April 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): LingKing77 ( article contribs).
— Assignment last updated by LingKing77 ( talk) 19:42, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
The chart seems to differentiate General American and Standard Canadian English for most of the vowels shown, but I'm not sure they're phonetically different in terms of the choice, force, near, or (unraised) prize vowels. In addition, I think monophthongal variants of fleece, goose, face and goat also exist in SCanE. I haven't been able to find the source for the chart, but is there one? If not, I think it would make more sense to merge those rows. Tyrui ( talk) 03:07, 1 September 2023 (UTC)
This article is rated C-class on Wikipedia's
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It is requested that one or more audio files of Pronunciations of the different dipthongs be
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Are the falling and rising diphthongs in Italian labeled backwards? nidflocken 69.109.168.12 21:04, 26 February 2006 (UTC)
Something silly: until I read this on Wikipedia, I thought my Spanish teacher was talking about "tiptongues" or "dipdongs". But I think I can be excused a little bit because she speaks English, French, and Spanish with a French accent... ok, end of silliness : ) -- Dreamyshade
need help getting the other language dipthongs identified
Yes, but in order to show that a diphthong is a phoneme you have to assume it is a phoneme in the first place. There is no definitive proof that this or that sound combination is or is not a phoneme using traditional phoneme criteria. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 133.7.7.240 ( talk) 11:35, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
Most phonology nowadays has nothing whatsoever to do with phonemes. Besides it's arbitrarily narrow to define a given diphthong as 'phonemic' only if you can put it in lexical opposition to another phoneme. How do we know how many diphthongal phonemes English has when we can't even get an agreed-to account of how many phonemes English has? What is often meant is that if you take some pronounced diphthongal vowels in , for example, American English, they don't form a contrast with a less diphthongal variation of a similar vowel. Diphthongs were originally conceived as phonetic descriptions anyway. Then phonemics got in the way, and now it's the obsolete little ugly duckling in the room. 133.7.7.240 ( talk) 07:56, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
>>Korean, Cantonese, Mandarin, and Japanese all have true diphthongs. I'm not sure about other Chinese languages, though. Anybody who tells you that Japanese doesn't have diphthongs either doesn't understand what the term means, or is going by some extremely idiosyncratic definitions.<<
Well many here at wikilinguistics pages tend to use old sources and ones stuck in structuralist phonemics. Moreover, in the case of Japanese, things are made difficult by overlapping confusions of mora, syllable, long vowels forming the nucleus of one, no wait, two syllables (because they confuse mora with syllable), etc. So it is very difficult to make much progress in discussing the issues with them. Also, you have to remember in the case of a language like Japanese, descriptions of it, including phonological and phonetic, exist for and are motivated by different goals: 1. for native literacy, 2. for JSL & JFL learning, 3. for academic phonetics and phonology (themselves more and more not distinct fields). 133.7.7.240 ( talk) 08:01, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
I'll stick to it in both places and anywhere else it is relevant, thank you just the same. 133.7.7.240 ( talk) 08:49, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
Here is a fairly good description of diphthongs in the Italian language (sorry it's in Italian ...) http://www.italicon.it/modulo.asp?M=m00199&S=4&P=5
I have changed many things in the wiki article since it was a bit confusing. Besides, "seem" in English is mainly pronounced with a long vowel (often with a diphthong), so I changed the example with "sum", which has always a short and stable vowel.
Carnby 84.222.53.158 14:36, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
Again, in the article there's a confusing usage of the symbols [j] [ĭ] and [i] which should represent different phones. We should use a standardized transcription system.
Carnby 84.222.52.85 21:10, 30 December 2005 (UTC)
Not all phoneticians agree that semivowel+vowel combinations should be considered as diphthongs, e.g.: see Canepari on Italian diphthongs. According to this author, there are many fewer diphthongs in Italian than shown here, since semivowels are not proper vowels, so they can't be part of diphthongs.
Something about the different definitions of diphthong in use or having been used historically should be included here.
FT77 00:46, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
I think there is the [aw]-sound missing in the list for standard German (e.g. "Auto")
Isn't the word also spelled: Dipthongs. I have seen it like this before, and I think it should be listed as an alternative spelling. → J @ red talk + ubx 02:17, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
According to Mirriam Webster, the "pth" is an official secondary pronunciation.
From the article:
"Falling diphthongs start with a higher vowel, e.g., [iə], while rising diphthongs end with a higher vowel, e.g., [ai]. In closing diphthongs, the second element is closer than the first;"
This is not the definition I'm familiar with. I thought that falling diphthongs were the ones with stress on the first vowel, and rising diphthongs were the ones with stress on the second vowel. See the diphthongs of Romanian, for example; in [e̯o] and [uj], the height of both vowels is the same. FilipeS 10:41, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
Let me explain what I mean with a couple of examples. In Portuguese, there are diphthongs like ui [ui ̯] and iu [iu̯] -- or [uj] and [iw]; the difference (if there is a difference) is not phonemic. These are called falling diphthongs in traditional grammar because they are composed of vowel + semivowel. Yet both [i] and [u] have the same height! There are also rising diphthongs, composed of semivowel + vowel, for example uí [u̯i] and iú [i ̯u] (or [wi], [ju]). Again, in this case both elements of the diphthong have the same height. I understand that linguists may prefer more technical definitions than conventional grammars, but I don't see how the definition used in the article would account for these cases and differences... FilipeS 12:20, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
I've made the change in the definition. The factor influencing whether a diphthong is falling or rising is sonority. A falling d. has falling sonority (so the tongue slides from a lower vowel to a higher vowel, in terms of the vowel grid, because that is how sonority decreases within the class of vowels). A rising d. has a rising sonority profile.
Thank you. I've taken the liberty of rewriting the definition a little bit. FilipeS 21:58, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
in all seriousness, do you guys pronounce this word DIP-thong or DIFF-thong? Kɔffee Drinker McVonn 03:49, 6 May 2006 (UTC)
This article should explain as I believe to be the case, the American removal and ignor-ance of the diphthong as the cause of the American mis-pronunciation of words like Paedophile, because they spell it Pedophile. Why say wikipeeedia, but not peeedophile?
Yes they do. In Kill Bill vol 1, The bride/uma thurman says the word 'pedophile'. I heard how she said it, it's the normal american way to say it. I'm British and we never say it like that! Surely this is because we spell it differently! -- 81.105.251.160 07:45, 26 May 2006 (UTC)
I'm back! We say the ped part (paed) as to rhyme with feed or need. Uma Thurman, and many Americans say it as if ped rhymes with said or fed. I accept that your superior knowledge of philology means that you may be right that it is not the spelling that is the cause of the difference. If not, then what is? Is it just another word that is said "wrong". -- Americans pronounc mobile as if there is no e on the end. -- 81.105.251.160 20:09, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
This article has a serious omission: the Danish diphthongs that are, in fact, additional 'letters' in the Danish alphabet. Has anyone the expertise to add this section? I could only do so in an amateur sort of way. - Ballista 05:30, 22 September 2006 (UTC)
Some recent additions to the section on Portuguese are wrong. I have tried to discuss this with the user who made them, but he seems to have gone away, so I am going to revert them. FilipeS 21:21, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
This may seem silly for this entry, but I know that in [King's Quest VI: Heir Today, Gone Tomorrow] Diphthong is personified as a little creature that say a nonsensical diphthong. I also recall the term being mentioned in a movie, but I can't recall what movie (The Pagemaster, maybe?). BrainRotMenacer 04:48, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
Hi. In Polish Wikipedia I've added graph that presents a glide from one vowel to another in English diphthongs. See on the right: .
-- Krzysztofpawliszak 23:45, 27 January 2007 (UTC)
While ordering the languages alphabetically is a good idea, I think it might be beneficial to present English diphthongs first (and then the rest alphabetically) readers are likely to be most familiar with the English language and using English diphthongs as the first set of examples can help readers, especially those unfamiliar with phonology, to quickly grasp the concept. Ƶ§œš¹ [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi] 05:18, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
It seems to me there could be three (or even four) ways to pronounce this word:
Obviously "dip thong" is the one that comes into your head when looking at the word, "diff thong" is the most likely pronunciation and "daif thong" is a pronunciation that stems from "di" (rhymes with pie) as in two (mono, di, tri). That would mean triphthong was pronounced traif-thong. Does anyone have any sources for which is correct (if any)? And should it be included in the article?-- Boothman /tɔːk/ 19:27, 15 May 2007 (UTC).
This page is utterly biased towards european languages. Many other languages have dipthongs too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 156.145.252.28 ( talk)
I made a table to show a comparison of English dialects so we could see them side by side. Perhaps, rather than sectioning off the languages and listing the diphthongs repeatedly we could have a table that has a list of common diphthongs, languages that have them (with examples) and then languages that have unusual or rare diphthongs can be discussed as well. Here's a crude example
ai | au | oi | eu | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arabic | šayṭan | mudawla | ||||||
Finnish | laiva | äiti | lauha | poika | leuto | |||
Italian | avrai | pausa | voi | poi | Europa | feudo |
What do you guys think? Ƶ§œš¹ [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi] 00:35, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
Hi there, do you have sources for those diphtongs. In France there is a religion that diphtongs dont exist anymore in modern french, except within some dialects like canadian french ! .... I am try to discuss this theory in the french wikipedia page and I am quoting this article but with some sources it would have more weight... stefjourdan at caramail.com or user motunono on fr.wikipedia —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 203.173.190.18 ( talk) 03:03, August 21, 2007 (UTC)
That probably has to do with the distinction between rising diphthongs (which many linguists seem to analyse as approximant + monophthong) and falling diphthongs (proper diphthongs). Many French diphthongs are of the rising kind. However, the article lists a few falling ones as well. FilipeS
In standard Netherlands Dutch, /e/, /ø/ and /o/ are diphtongues as well, more like /ei/, /øy/ and /ou/ (see Dutch phonology page). I'll included them with a footnote, anyone disagree? EDIT: ok, done, tell me what you think. Jalwikip 09:35, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
I think we should create a 'diphthongues in different languages' page, to keep the linguistic stuff apart from the examples. Otherwise this page is going to grow and grow, the actual definition becoming only a very small part of it. Also, I think it would be nice to include diphthongue graphs for each language then, most are available from the respective phonology pages. Jalwikip 09:37, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
I will refer to Spanish only as it is the language I know the most. This may be useful for anyone, though, and you may have better examples from other languages. There's no information concerning the relationship between diphthongs and stress (and intonation), even though the latter can determine to some extent whether a diphthong rises or falls. They only describe rising and falling diphthongs, and compare them with each other. Since they show some examples in the same paragraph, it might easily be (mis)understood that the rising or falling is inherent to those particular examples (they just happen to mention /aɪ̯/ and /ɪ̯a/ so it seems as though the /-ɪ̯// ɪ̯-/ sound must always correspond to the vowel with less prominence). If you thought that this misunderstanding couldn’t arise just from this unintentional detail, please scroll down and pay attention to how the examples are displayed: Spanish Diphthongs in Spanish: rising
... It looks like those are the only possibilities for standard Spanish (and nothing else). Moreover, they unintentionally make it appear as if /ja/ could only be in the “rising” section and never in the “falling” section. In "comedia", the diphthong is unstressed so it's not easy to tell which vowel is more prominent (you can only tell that it opens). I think comediante is less ambiguous, but again this is because of the stress: co-me-dia [ko'mɛdja]; co-me-dian-te [komɛ'djantɛ]. Dio is alright, since the diphthong certainly rises but also consider other words such as predio. Please correct me if I’m wrong but I just pronounce comedia over and over and never get a clear ascending diphthong. We’re considering isolated words only. However, intonation should also be significant in more complex structures such as sentences. For the time meaning, I’ll only replace the somewhat ambiguous examples. -- Quinceps ( talk) 04:15, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
[el ˈβjen̪to ˈnoɾte ʝ el ˈsol poɾˈfjaβan soβɾe ˈkwal̪ˈdeʎoˈs eɾa e̯l ˈmasˈfweɾte kwan̪do̯ aθeɾˈto a̯paˈsaɾ um bjaˈxeɾo̯emˈbwel̪to̯ eˈn ãnʲtʃa ˈkapa]
El viento norte y el sol porfiaban sobre cuál de ellos era el más fuerte, cuando acertó a pasar un viajero envuelto en ancha capa.
In part, yes. I guess you're right and I should have provided that kind of examples to clarify. However, even if you pronounce words separately (as they are shown in the list of rising and falling Spanish diphthongs) you get some words where it's very difficult to tell whether the diphthong rises or falls (as I mentioned before, you could tell if they open or close more easily). That's why I think the falling-rising criterion is not always the best way to classify diphthongs. So my opinion was, if they are going to keep it as it is they should at least give some less ambiguous examples.-- Quinceps 16:06, 4 December 2007 (UTC)
Sorry Aeusoes, would you care to explain how /j/ and /w/ are “inaccurate”, please? The sounds /ɪ/ and /ʊ/ do not exist in (standard at least) Portuguese. And Portuguese language phonologists usually use either /j/ and /w/ or /i̯/ and /u̯/. Ten Islands ( talk) 05:56, 13 February 2008 (UTC)
Since this article is cross-linguistic, I thought it important to be precise phonetically. To that end I've converted the entries from phonemic to phonetic transcription, and attempted to rigorously distinguish semivowel from approximant. Yes, I know that not all phoneticians make that distinction, and that even if they do, it is not important for many of these languages, but it *is* relevant when comparing languages. And many of the examples were written as hiatus, which is confusing if you don't know the language. I'm sure I made a few (ha!) misteaks. Latvian needs serious review—there were 52 diphthongs, when the Latvian article says 6! Also, I don't what to do with some of the odder Germanic diphthongs. When there is a length mark at the end, is that for the final component, or for the diphthong as a whole? We need to add the semivowel diacritic and perhaps move the length diacritics. kwami ( talk) 22:04, 3 June 2008 (UTC)
I just removed some non-existing diphtongs from the Latvian section. All the deleted examples are loanwords and their vocals are hardly pronounced as diphtongs. The example "souls" is also a loanword, I'll try to think of an inherited word to replace it. I will also try to look up the correct IPA transcriptions, I think the [uo] in "ruoka" should be [uɐ], and [iɛ] in "iela" should be [iɐ]. Mjbjosh ( talk) 15:50, 20 June 2008 (UTC)
Next week I'll try to find a proper academic monography on Latvian phonetics. I already have one in mind, namely "Laua, Alise: Latviešu literārās valodas fonētika. - R: Zvaigzne ABC, 1997." It's in Latvian, but I don't know of alternative serious English sources on Latvian phonetics. Mjbjosh ( talk) 20:38, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
It depends on whether they can form the nuclei of syllables. In English /ju/ is a diphthong, but /jo/ is not. kwami ( talk) 19:50, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
Hello. I have an actual grammar on the Latvian language from the year 2001. It lists the following vowel combinings, that traditionally are considered like diphthongs: /ai/, /au/, /iu/, /ui/, /ei/, /ie/, /iæ/, /ue/ and /uæ/, which are written like that: ai, au, iu, ui, ei, ie, o. For /ie/ and /iæ/ is used ie and for /ue/ and /uæ/ is used o. Greetings -- Tlustulimu ( talk) 18:37, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
Could someone check the greek spelling of "dipthong" at the begining of the page? The transliteration is written as "Diphthongos" but the actually greek, as written, would be pronounced, if i'm not mistaken, "diphthogos." There is no nu in the greek spelling of the word so one of these must be incorrect. Perhaps one of the gamma's should be a nu? I'm not certain, as i'm only a first year greek student but...that doesn't seem right 167.206.69.62 ( talk) 13:44, 24 October 2008 (UTC)Leonidas
Is this really true? I realize the most are falling, but all? What about words like 'pure'? There are definitely 2 vowel sounds 'j' and 'u' and one syllable. And here the second is more important, making it a rising diphthong. Or do you just not want to call it a diphthong at all? Any comments? DrG ( talk) 14:39, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
In the table in the English section of "Diphthongs in various languages" Canadian English is listed as a sub-category of American English. Why? -- 72.39.35.178 ( talk) 20:15, 4 March 2009 (UTC)
About my recent changes that was reverted, the Portuguese semivowels are not [ʊ] and [ɪ], the last /u/ in cúmulo (identified as [ʊ] in Portuguese_phonology#Unstressed_vowels) is not the same in quando or sul, Bisol identifies the coda /l/ as a [w] and explain its history in the page 211 [2], Bisol explains the coda /l/ was velarized [ɫ], later labialized and velarized [lʷ], and then [w], the author uses even brackets to represent the w, don't need to understand Portuguese for check this source, since it uses a very clear representation in that page, or if you want you can use the Google translator, though as the Google books doesn't allow copy and paste you should type yourself for translate.-- Luizdl ( talk) 05:46, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
In the pages about diphthongs and hiatuses the author also uses [j] and [w] in phonetics transcription (page 121), the transcriptions of those pages are so phonetics that the author represents even the pre nasalizations and represents the /ɐ̃/ in the diphthong /wɐ̃/ as [wɑ̃], showing that the /ɐ̃/ after an /w/ is more back than in other cases, so, if these transcription show so many phonetics variation and uses [j] and [w], and if in your source in English uses [ʊ] and [ɪ], then it seems that is the author in English who used phonemic symbols for the English speaking linguists better understand, and it is phonetically inaccurate.--
Luizdl (
talk)
12:40, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
Here it is [3], this document in English from the University of California, Berkeley, says that they are palatal approximants and labiovelar approximants, in the section "Diphthongs (and triphthongs)" page 7.
Utilizing the palatal approximant [j] and the labio-velar approximant [w], any stressed vowel
may form a rising or falling diphthong [7] with the exception of [ij ji] or [uw wu]. It is thus
possible to produce twenty-four distinct diphthongs, and a few triphthongs. The diphthongs
are illustrated in Table 1. (Many of these examples are from [7].)
who thinks this is a weird word? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.71.18.210 ( talk) 15:40, 13 April 2011 (UTC)
Okay, I just want to ask something. In my native language - Bulgarian, we have these combinations [ja] - ябълка [ja.bəl.kɐ] - apple, [ju] - ютия [ju.ti.jɐ] - an iron, [aj] - майка [maj.kɐ] - mother, [oj] - кой [koj]- who , [ej] - пейка [pej.kɐ] - bench, [ij] - чий [tʃij] -whose etc. I'm curious if they could be considered as diphthongs or not. Thank you. 212.50.76.237 ( talk) 18:07, 14 September 2011 (UTC) 212.50.76.237 ( talk) 19:49, 22 September 2011 (UTC)
"The presence of alternations among related words or related dialects between diphthongs and monophthongs, sequences of vowel and consonant, or sequences of two vowels in separate syllables The restrictions (or lack thereof) on the diphthongs that can occur The existence of glides such as /w/ and /j/ as separate phonemes in the language The behavior of the diphthong when a vowel directly follows The historical origin of the diphthong"
Very good points, do you have citations about that ? The first part of the first sentence is very important and should be separated from the other idea at the end. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.57.189.138 ( talk) 04:10, 31 October 2011 (UTC)
In the Italian diphthongs table the value [ei] is given for the second entry "potrei". That's wrong, "potrei" actually sounds [potrɛi] and the diphthong found in it is just like the one of following "sei". Source: I'm a native speaker. It would surprise me to learn that this kind of error was copied from that Italian textbook cited as reference for the table, apparently published by two Italians. Anyway, if you want an example of [ei] - which is gonna be very rare as a diphthong in Italian, being [ɛi] the form one finds almost everywhere - I think you could use "teina" [teina] (the substance found in tea). It carries the accent on "i", but "-ei-" sounds like a diphthong to me and not a hiatus. Also, maybe "sei" should be disambuigated. "Sei" is the number 6, but also the very frequent verb form for "you are". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.53.130.251 ( talk) 11:52, 6 March 2012 (UTC)
According to the table in the article entitled "Standard English diphthongs", the General American pronunciation of a word like "lean" is the same as the Australian pronunciation of said word. I strongly disagree with this assertion. To me, the pronunciation of "lean" and other words with that vowel is one of the most noticeable differences between the two accents. I see that there are some sources cited at the bottom of the article, but I can't figure out which one of them that claim comes from.
From a systemic perspective, I can see how the vowel in "lean" could be [ɪi̯] in Australian English, as the vowel in "lane" in that accent is [æɪ̯]. But it doesn't seem possible in Gen Am, where the the onset of /eɪ/ is still close-mid. Such a distinction would surely be too difficult to maintain. I also disagree that the vowel of "loon" is [ʊu] in Gen Am. This would surely be too close to the [ou] of "loan".
Accentman ( talk) 13:54, 24 November 2012 (UTC)
Well, the Broad vowel clearly has way more movement than the GA vowel. I don't think anyone would disagree with that. That's why I figured you meant Cultivated there. And that's what I'm saying: I think even the Cultivated vowel has more movement than the archetypal General American one (if the archetypal GA one has any movement at all). I also think [ɪi] is more likely in RP than GA. Maybe I can find some linguist/author who agrees with me. It was nice talking to you again Accentman ( talk) 17:33, 26 November 2012 (UTC)
Broad | General | Cultivated |
---|---|---|
[ɪi] | [əːɪ] |
It functions more as a forum for linguists than as an encyclopedia article. 208.68.128.90 ( talk) 14:34, 7 March 2014 (UTC)
I'm sorry, but why aren't Latin diphthongs ae, au, ei, eu, oe, ui listed? They are very important in the evolution of pronunciation in various European languages and should be added ASAP. 78.0.238.250 ( talk) 12:04, 30 March 2014 (UTC)
The article needs more information on what distinguishes a phonetic from a phonemic diphthong. In some cases diphthongs are phonemic because they develop from monophthongs by vowel shift, like English house and German Haus from earlier hūs. Some diphthongs are clearly not phonemic based on this criterion, like Italian piu from Latin plus and Spanish muy from Latin multum, but some cases of phonemic diphthongs also don't fulfill the criterion, like German Frau from Middle High German vrouwe. I suppose this is because the last example is merged with the diphthongs-from-monophthongs as in the first example, and thus takes their phonemic nature onto itself. But a source on this subject should be found and its reasoning added to the article.
The Spanish section says that Spanish has 15 total phonemic diphthongs; I believe this is incorrect and will change it to phonetic, but I don't have access to the sources to verify that I'm right. — Eru· tuon 21:29, 18 January 2015 (UTC)
The article monophthong is currently stub-size, since I moved the discussion of Monophthongization to another article. It could therefore be merged with this article. If so, this article would have to be moved to Diphthong and monophthong, similar to Endocentric and exocentric, and other article names that I can't recall. This would require a lot of link-fixing, but that can easily be done with AutoWikiBrowser.
Also, the list of languages is too long. Most languages should be moved to a separate article, which could be titled List of diphthongs, while more notable languages, like English, German, French, Spanish, and Mandarin could be kept here.
What do others think? — Eru· tuon 22:13, 19 February 2015 (UTC)
On second thought, we could replace the lists of diphthongs with a brief discussion of which languages in which families have diphthongs, how many, and what type. For instance, Romance languages have a lot, and Mainland Southeast Asian languages frequently have rising diphthongs, hence the syllable analyis of initial, medial, nucleus, and final. Romanian has unusual diphthongs, and so do Finnish and Estonian. Typological highlights, basically. — Eru· tuon 22:18, 19 February 2015 (UTC)
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(I'm not used to using [ ], I'm used to / /. I'm getting off that habit)
I believe it is a close-front vowel as opposed to near-close-front vowel. Let's take two diphthongs as an example: [aɪ] and [eɪ].
In [aɪ], you get a much more similar sound pronouncing it [a.i]
And it isn't a near-close, you can feel that one.
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(last update: 5 June 2024).
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot ( Report bug) 02:24, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
I notice that in the wikipedia in Spanish a difference is made about these two diphthongs in Spanish, but not in the wiki in English, and that even the word they use in wiki in english to represent the diphthong [ju] it is used to represent the diphthong [iu̯] in wiki in spanish . I believe that the two are the same diphthong, [ju]. I say this since I have not found a difference in my speech, I being Mexican, but it may be that, yes, just because of that I tell you that it might be convenient to estudy by us something.-- Unvatopensante ( talk) 18:03, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
The article doesn't mention which diphthongs are short in Present English or Old English -- Backinstadiums ( talk) 18:22, 10 March 2020 (UTC)
Vietnamese language has more than 3 diphtongs. In addition to the notations ia~iê, ưa~ươ, ua~uô, diphtongs ui and uy should be added. Corresponding IPA for ui and uy is [ui].
Some pronunciations according to IPA are unfortunately not correct. They are corrected as follows:
iê pronounced as [ie] and not [iə̯] as noted.
ưa pronounced as [ɯə] and not [ɨə̯] as noted.
ươ pronounced as [ɯə] and not [ɨə̯] as noted. Beautiful Bavaria ( talk) 14:35, 1 November 2020 (UTC)
Under the Length heading, there is a passage followed by both a citation (Reference 12 to be precise) and a Citation Needed note. It appears that Citation Needed was marked prior to the source being added, and the source does appear to back up the claim made in the passage. Would it be appropriate to now remove the Citation Needed marker? Mmorourke ( talk) 03:54, 17 October 2021 (UTC)
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 11 January 2023 and 27 April 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): LingKing77 ( article contribs).
— Assignment last updated by LingKing77 ( talk) 19:42, 27 April 2023 (UTC)
The chart seems to differentiate General American and Standard Canadian English for most of the vowels shown, but I'm not sure they're phonetically different in terms of the choice, force, near, or (unraised) prize vowels. In addition, I think monophthongal variants of fleece, goose, face and goat also exist in SCanE. I haven't been able to find the source for the chart, but is there one? If not, I think it would make more sense to merge those rows. Tyrui ( talk) 03:07, 1 September 2023 (UTC)