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Epipelagic I see you are making lots of improvements. Suggest you nominate it as a good article Chidgk1 ( talk) 06:27, 30 March 2021 (UTC)
I am wondering if the article title could perhaps be more precise by calling it "Marine biological carbon pump" or "Oceanic biological pump" or "Ocean biological carbon pump". It would be slightly longer but would be clearer perhaps? Or not necessary because there is only ever one meaning for "biological pump"? - I've also asked an ocean expert (Tim Jickells) about the term "biological pump" and this article and here's his response:
I've just removed a text block that had been recently added but was not using the in-line citations properly. Maybe something from it can be salvaged: There are five export pathways that explain how Carbon is able to reach down to the depths of the ocean: (1) sinking particles, (2) vertical migration, (3) aggregation, (4) excreta, and (5) subduction.
(1) Sinking particles may be composed of various constituents such as organisms, detritus, pieces of organisms (molts), fecal matter and aggregates of mixed composition (dead and live cells, mucus material). Smaller organisms such as phytoplankton can be very small and can sink at relatively slow rates (< 1 m/day) due to buoyancy control, while as larger aggregates and fecal pellets can sink quicker reaching tens or hundreds of meters per day. (2) Vertical migration results in the rapid removal of organic matter from the surface. Daily migrations of zooplankton occur at night when they travel from the surface to the depths to feed, which results in respiration and defecation at depth. The distance that is swam by the organism enhances the downward flux and its speed. (3) Particles may stick together or aggregate as they sink. They are mostly composed of dead and living material that can form microhabitats of their own. Some are very small, while some can extend over meters (Precali et al. 2005). The aggregate size and abundance will determine the particle encounter rates and their stickiness. (4) Fecal pellets that are excreted by organisms at the surface are important contributors to carbon removal in the ocean. Depending on the organism that excreted the material, it can be quite large (dense) and can sink fast. Fecal pellets contribute a large portion to total carbon export. It is difficult to observe sinking fecal pellets in real time, more studies need to be done to observe its occurrence. (5) Subduction: Differences in water density impart differences in water mass stability and stratification. Interactions of water masses of different density can result in vertical flows at a range of spatial scales. As water flows vertically, any entrained matter or particle is advected upwards or downwards, which can contribute to C export (Omand et al. 2015).
References
McNair, H., Morison, F., & Menden-Deuer, S. (2023). Week 4: Module 3 The Biological Pump. URI Brightspace. Retrieved February 18, 2023, from https://brightspace.uri.edu/d2l/le/content/212174/viewContent/1660016/View
Omand, M. M., D’Asaro, E. A., Lee, C. M., Perry, M. J., Briggs, N., Cetinić, I., & Mahadevan, A. (2015). Eddy-driven subduction exports particulate organic carbon from the spring bloom. Science, 348(6231), 222–225. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260062
Precali, R., Giani, M., Marini, M., Grilli, F., Ferrari, C. R., Pečar, O., & Paschini, E. (2005). Mucilaginous aggregates in the northern Adriatic in the period 1999–2002: Typology and distribution. Science of the Total Environment, 353(1–3), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.066
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Epipelagic I see you are making lots of improvements. Suggest you nominate it as a good article Chidgk1 ( talk) 06:27, 30 March 2021 (UTC)
I am wondering if the article title could perhaps be more precise by calling it "Marine biological carbon pump" or "Oceanic biological pump" or "Ocean biological carbon pump". It would be slightly longer but would be clearer perhaps? Or not necessary because there is only ever one meaning for "biological pump"? - I've also asked an ocean expert (Tim Jickells) about the term "biological pump" and this article and here's his response:
I've just removed a text block that had been recently added but was not using the in-line citations properly. Maybe something from it can be salvaged: There are five export pathways that explain how Carbon is able to reach down to the depths of the ocean: (1) sinking particles, (2) vertical migration, (3) aggregation, (4) excreta, and (5) subduction.
(1) Sinking particles may be composed of various constituents such as organisms, detritus, pieces of organisms (molts), fecal matter and aggregates of mixed composition (dead and live cells, mucus material). Smaller organisms such as phytoplankton can be very small and can sink at relatively slow rates (< 1 m/day) due to buoyancy control, while as larger aggregates and fecal pellets can sink quicker reaching tens or hundreds of meters per day. (2) Vertical migration results in the rapid removal of organic matter from the surface. Daily migrations of zooplankton occur at night when they travel from the surface to the depths to feed, which results in respiration and defecation at depth. The distance that is swam by the organism enhances the downward flux and its speed. (3) Particles may stick together or aggregate as they sink. They are mostly composed of dead and living material that can form microhabitats of their own. Some are very small, while some can extend over meters (Precali et al. 2005). The aggregate size and abundance will determine the particle encounter rates and their stickiness. (4) Fecal pellets that are excreted by organisms at the surface are important contributors to carbon removal in the ocean. Depending on the organism that excreted the material, it can be quite large (dense) and can sink fast. Fecal pellets contribute a large portion to total carbon export. It is difficult to observe sinking fecal pellets in real time, more studies need to be done to observe its occurrence. (5) Subduction: Differences in water density impart differences in water mass stability and stratification. Interactions of water masses of different density can result in vertical flows at a range of spatial scales. As water flows vertically, any entrained matter or particle is advected upwards or downwards, which can contribute to C export (Omand et al. 2015).
References
McNair, H., Morison, F., & Menden-Deuer, S. (2023). Week 4: Module 3 The Biological Pump. URI Brightspace. Retrieved February 18, 2023, from https://brightspace.uri.edu/d2l/le/content/212174/viewContent/1660016/View
Omand, M. M., D’Asaro, E. A., Lee, C. M., Perry, M. J., Briggs, N., Cetinić, I., & Mahadevan, A. (2015). Eddy-driven subduction exports particulate organic carbon from the spring bloom. Science, 348(6231), 222–225. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260062
Precali, R., Giani, M., Marini, M., Grilli, F., Ferrari, C. R., Pečar, O., & Paschini, E. (2005). Mucilaginous aggregates in the northern Adriatic in the period 1999–2002: Typology and distribution. Science of the Total Environment, 353(1–3), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.066