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Discussion section LoomCreek ( talk) 06:25, 7 March 2023 (UTC)
According to a 2020 study by the World Wildlife Fund, the global human population already exceeds planet's biocapacity – it would take the equivalent of 1.56 Earths of biocapacity to meet our current demands. [1] The 2014 report further points that if everyone on the planet had the Footprint of the average resident of Qatar, we would need 4.8 Earths and if we lived the lifestyle of a typical resident of the US, we would need 3.9 Earths.
[2] EMsmile ( talk) 08:48, 7 March 2023 (UTC)
References
The overuse of these finite resources by at least 56% has had a devastating effect on biodiversity, which is crucial to sustaining human life on Earth. "It is like living off 1.56 Earths," Mathis Wackernagel, David Lin, Alessandro Galli and Laurel Hanscom from the Global Footprint Network said in the report.
@EMsmile The larger issue that remains is the lack of critical views within the section. As said, the idea of population size being the main/key factor in biodiversity is contentious. With many critics arguing overexploitation is the cause not population growth. It gives an incomplete understanding. I'll do my best to give a run down of events as I had attempted edits before.
LoomCreek (
talk) 09:08, 7 March 2023 (UTC)
I do plan further edits eventually. For the time being I've added the disclaimer as a stop gap to prevent potential misinformation.
It's also been done for documentation purposes. I would like to avoid edit warring.
I attempted to make some small edits removing some misleading information. And sourcing a critic of overpopulation theory, which were reverted. (and then the critic cited, Anthropologist Jason Hickel, was re-added & misleadingly quoted)
Later on a greater edit was attempted but I'm going to assume good faith from that individual due to some incidental WP:OR on my part.
LoomCreek (
talk) 09:10, 7 March 2023 (UTC)
"the IPBES (2022) report notes that a “race for profit” is fueling the collapse of biodiversity, highlighting that urgent cross-sectorial actions are needed to counter these losses, and these transcend issues of “how many people”. These challenges have been recognised, and work done to reconcile them, and they highlight that blaming “population” undermines our ability to deal with the real issues (Randers et al., 2019)."
I think the bullet point list that follows under "The 11 main direct threats to conservation are" is too detailed, especially those italic keywords in brackets. I would also convert those 11 threats to main text (currently they are level-2 sub-headings). EMsmile ( talk) 12:08, 25 June 2021 (UTC)
Artice revised here with RS NewsAndEventsGuy ( talk) 15:11, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
I think we need to condense the section on "threats" a bit and make it clearer that there is a sub-article on biodiversity loss that covers exactly this. Otherwise we have the problem that we have to updated and maintain the same kind of content in two different articles. Threats is really all about biodiversity loss, isn't it? EMsmile ( talk) 09:43, 7 March 2023 (UTC)
Dispute around inclusion of differing perspectives for overpopulation theory see discussion thread above LoomCreek ( talk) 05:21, 8 March 2023 (UTC)
{{
rfc}}
tag
EMsmile (
talk) 08:47, 8 March 2023 (UTC)I've removed the further reading list as I don't think it adds any value for this kind of article. Important publications should rather be used for in-line citations (multiple times if they're very useful).
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)EMsmile ( talk) 09:22, 8 March 2023 (UTC)
I think this sentence here is suffering from
WP:OVERCITE:
"Numerous scientists and the
IPBES
Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services assert that
human population growth and
overconsumption are the primary factors in this decline.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
."
Can we remove some of the refs? Also, if we follow my suggestion about replacing this with an excerpt then this sentence would go but we can bring it back by ensuring this is briefly included in the lead at
biodiversity loss if we think it's a crucial point.
EMsmile (
talk) 13:16, 28 March 2023 (UTC)
References
For the first time at a global scale, the report has ranked the causes of damage. Topping the list, changes in land use—principally agriculture—that have destroyed habitat. Second, hunting and other kinds of exploitation. These are followed by climate change, pollution, and invasive species, which are being spread by trade and other activities. Climate change will likely overtake the other threats in the next decades, the authors note. Driving these threats are the growing human population, which has doubled since 1970 to 7.6 billion, and consumption. (Per capita of use of materials is up 15% over the past 5 decades.)
The overarching driver of species extinction is human population growth and increasing per capita consumption.
EMsmile ( talk) 13:16, 28 March 2023 (UTC)
I think the article is a bit on the long side now (54 kB). I think there is room for condensing which would also help to bring out the key points to the reader more clearly. For example, the section on "protected areas" can be shortened (there are sub-articles for the details). I have added the template "section sizes" to the top of the talk page. It helps to see which sections are large. However, it doesn't seem to update properly, as the section on biodiversity loss is still shown as large (22 kB) even though I recently culled it down. Strange. Does anyone know why that is? EMsmile ( talk) 09:29, 31 March 2023 (UTC)
I've removed this text block (2 paragraphs) from the definitions section. In my opinion it doesn't fit there and I think it doesn't fit anywhere else in the article either. Perhaps fits more in a forestry article? The first para is unsourced (probably taken from FAO; probably same ref as given in the second para) and the second para is just one very long quote. It was all added in December 2020 by someone working for FAO in this edit.
"Forest biological biodiversity - Forest biological diversity is a broad term that refers to all life forms found within forested areas and the ecological roles they perform. As such, forest biological diversity encompasses not just trees, but the multitude of plants, animals and microorganisms that inhabit forest areas and their associated genetic diversity. Forest biological diversity can be considered at different levels, including ecosystem, landscape, species, population and genetic. Complex interactions can occur within and between these levels. In biologically diverse forests, this complexity allows organisms to adapt to continually changing environmental conditions and to maintain ecosystem functions.
In the annex to Decision II/9 (CBD, n.d.a), the Conference of the Parties to the CBD recognized that: "Forest biological diversity results from evolutionary processes over thousands and even millions of years which, in themselves, are driven by ecological forces such as climate, fire, competition and disturbance. Furthermore, the diversity of forest ecosystems (in both physical and biological features) results in high levels of adaptation, a feature of forest ecosystems which is an integral component of their biological diversity. Within specific forest ecosystems, the maintenance of ecological processes is dependent upon the maintenance of their biological diversity." [1]" EMsmile ( talk) 13:40, 8 May 2023 (UTC)
References
EMsmile ( talk) 13:40, 8 May 2023 (UTC)
I think the lead needs further work to become a better summary of the article, roughly following the same order and weight of topics. Currently the lead talks too much about the situation during geologic timespans, not enough about the current situation. This needs to be reworked. Does anyone have time to give it a go? EMsmile ( talk) 14:06, 8 May 2023 (UTC)
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 6 August 2023 and 8 September 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Abanarsee ( article contribs).
— Assignment last updated by Abanarsee ( talk) 05:06, 19 August 2023 (UTC)
I've just removed the sub-headings in the section on biodiversity loss because if we had some sub-headings then we would also need "all" relevant sub-headings plus content but this kind of content is available at the sub-article biodiversity loss. I would actually be inclined to replace this content with an excerpt from the lead of biodiversity loss (after building up that lead and ensuring it's really good). Thoughts? This way we have to in future only update and maintain one article about biodiversity loss, not two. EMsmile ( talk) 13:14, 28 March 2023 (UTC)
Dear Drbogdan Thanks for clarifying that this is your own writing. I now see that the your text from 2015 in this article had been copied by Loai Aljerf in 2017. https://medcraveonline.com/BIJ/biodiversity-is-key-for-more-variety-for-better-society.html#:~:text=The%20total%20amount%20of%20related,(trillion%20tons%20of%20carbon)
The text in question which you would like retained still lacks proper referencing. Can you provide proper references?
I can see the need for 3 references as follows unless all 3 statements come from the same source.
Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86% have not yet been described. REFERENCE
The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037 and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as four trillion tons of carbon. REFERENCE
In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth. REFERENCE
The second paragraph is in my opinion “off topic” and would be better placed in another WP article dealing with fossils. The text is as follows: The age of Earth is about 4.54 billion years. The earliest undisputed evidence of life dates at least from 3.7 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old meta-sedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More recently, in 2015, "remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. According to one of the researchers, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth...then it could be common in the universe." (REF 11)
Ref 11 that comes at the end here is as follows: https://web.archive.org/web/20151023200248/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20151019/us-sci--earliest_life-a400435d0d.html This refers to fossil rocks and I believe is off-topic for the biodiversity article.
Best wishes ASRASR ( talk) 18:07, 14 March 2024 (UTC)
REFERENCE 1 => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&oldid=837795301
[ EDIT => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&action=edit&oldid=837795301 ]
Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86% have not yet been described. REFERENCE[SOURCE]
Some estimates on the number of Earth's current species of life forms range from 10 million to 14 million, [1] of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. [2] However, a May 2016 scientific report estimates that 1 trillion species are currently on Earth, with only one-thousandth of one percent described. [3]
REFERENCE 2 => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&oldid=837795301
[ EDIT => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&action=edit&oldid=837795301 ]
The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037 and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as four trillion tons of carbon. REFERENCE[SOURCE]
The total number of DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037 with a weight of 50 billion tonnes. [4] In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 trillion tons of carbon. [5]
REFERENCE 3 => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&oldid=837795301
[ EDIT => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&action=edit&oldid=837795301 ]
In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth.REFERENCE[SOURCE]
In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth. [6]
REFERENCE 11 => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&oldid=837795301
[ EDIT => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&action=edit&oldid=837795301 ]
The second paragraph is in my opinion “off topic” and would be better placed in another WP article dealing with fossils. The text is as follows: The age of Earth is about 4.54 billion years. The earliest undisputed evidence of life dates at least from 3.7 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old meta-sedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More recently, in 2015, "remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. According to one of the researchers, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth...then it could be common in the universe." (REF 11)[SOURCE]
The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years; [7] [8] [9] the earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates from at least 3.5 billion years ago. [10] [11] [12]
There is evidence that life began much earlier.
In 2017, fossilized microorganisms, or microfossils, were announced to have been discovered in hydrothermal vent precipitates in the Nuvvuagittuq Belt of Quebec, Canada that may be as old as 4.28 billion years old, the oldest record of life on Earth, suggesting "an almost instantaneous emergence of life" (in a geological time-scale sense), after ocean formation 4.41 billion years ago, and not long after the formation of the Earth 4.54 billion years ago. [13] [14] [15] [16]
" Remains of life" have been found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. [19]
Evidence of biogenic graphite, [20] and possibly stromatolites, [21] was discovered in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks in southwestern Greenland.
In May 2017, evidence of life on land may have been found in 3.48 billion-year-old geyserite which is often found around hot springs and geysers, and other related mineral deposits, uncovered in the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia. [22] [23] This complements the November 2013 publication that microbial mat fossils had been found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone in Western Australia. [24] [25] [26]
In November 2017, a study by the University of Edinburgh suggested that life on Earth may have originated from biological particles carried by streams of space dust. [17] [27]
A December 2017 report stated that 3.465-billion-year-old Australian Apex chert rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. [28] [29]
In January 2018, a study found that 4.5 billion-year-old meteorites found on Earth contained liquid water along with prebiotic complex organic substances that may be ingredients for life. [18] [30]
According to biologist Stephen Blair Hedges, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth … then it could be common in the universe." [19] [31]
ReferencesReferences
- ^ G. Miller; Scott Spoolman (2012). Environmental Science - Biodiversity Is a Crucial Part of the Earth's Natural Capital. Cengage Learning. p. 62. ISBN 1-133-70787-4. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
- ^ Mora, C.; Tittensor, D.P.; Adl, S.; Simpson, A.G.; Worm, B. (23 August 2011). "How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean?". PLOS Biology. 9: e1001127. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127. PMC 3160336. PMID 21886479.
{{ cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link)- ^ Staff (2 May 2016). "Researchers find that Earth may be home to 1 trillion species". National Science Foundation. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
- ^ Nuwer, Rachel (18 July 2015). "Counting All the DNA on Earth". The New York Times. New York: The New York Times Company. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "The Biosphere: Diversity of Life". Aspen Global Change Institute. Basalt, CO. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ^ Wade, Nicholas (25 July 2016). "Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things". New York Times. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ^ "Age of the Earth". United States Geological Survey. 9 July 2007. Retrieved 2006-01-10.
- ^ Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Special Publications, Geological Society of London. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode: 2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14.
- ^ Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard; Hamelin, Bruno (May 1980). "Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 47 (3). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier: 370–382. Bibcode: 1980E&PSL..47..370M. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2. ISSN 0012-821X.
- ^ Schopf, J. William; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.; Czaja, Andrew D.; Tripathi, Abhishek B. (5 October 2007). "Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils". Precambrian Research. 158 (3–4). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier: 141–155. Bibcode: 2007PreR..158..141S. doi: 10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009. ISSN 0301-9268.
- ^ Schopf, J. William (29 June 2006). "Fossil evidence of Archaean life". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 361 (1470). London: Royal Society: 869–885. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2006.1834. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 1578735. PMID 16754604.
- ^ Raven, Peter H.; Johnson, George B. (2002). Biology (6th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. p. 68. ISBN 0-07-112261-3. LCCN 2001030052. OCLC 45806501.
- ^ Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic; Grenne, Tor; slack, John F.; Rittner, Martin; Pirajno, Franco; O'Neil, Jonathan; Little, Crispin T. S. (2 March 2017). "Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates". Nature. 543. Bibcode: 2017Natur.543...60D. doi: 10.1038/nature21377. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
- ^ Zimmer, Carl (1 March 2017). "Scientists Say Canadian Bacteria Fossils May Be Earth's Oldest". New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
- ^ Ghosh, Pallab (1 March 2017). "Earliest evidence of life on Earth 'found". BBC News. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
- ^ Dunham, Will (1 March 2017). "Canadian bacteria-like fossils called oldest evidence of life". Reuters. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
- ^ a b Berera, Arjun (6 November 2017). "Space dust collisions as a planetary escape mechanism". arXiv. arXiv: 1711.01895. Bibcode: 2017AsBio..17.1274B. doi: 10.1089/ast.2017.1662. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ^ a b Chan, Queenie H. S.; et al. (10 January 2018). "Organic matter in extraterrestrial water-bearing salt crystals". Science Advances. 4 (1, eaao3521). Bibcode: 2018SciA....4O3521C. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aao3521. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ^ a b Borenstein, Seth (19 October 2015). "Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth". Excite. Yonkers, NY: Mindspark Interactive Network. Associated Press. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ^ Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; et al. (January 2014). "Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience. 7 (1). London: Nature Publishing Group: 25–28. Bibcode: 2014NatGe...7...25O. doi: 10.1038/ngeo2025. ISSN 1752-0894.
- ^ Wade, Nicholas (31 August 2016). "World's Oldest Fossils Found in Greenland". New York Times. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ Staff (9 May 2017). "Oldest evidence of life on land found in 3.48-billion-year-old Australian rocks". Phys.org. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ Djokic, Tara; Van Kranendonk, Martin J.; Campbell, Kathleen A.; Walter, Malcolm R.; Ward, Colin R. (9 May 2017). "Earliest signs of life on land preserved in ca. 3.5 Ga hot spring deposits". Nature Communications. Bibcode: 2017NatCo...815263D. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15263. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ Borenstein, Seth (13 November 2013). "Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom". Excite. Yonkers, NY: Mindspark Interactive Network. Associated Press. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ Pearlman, Jonathan (13 November 2013). "'Oldest signs of life on Earth found'". The Daily Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 2014-12-15.
- ^ Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (16 November 2013). "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology. 13 (12). New Rochelle, NY: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.: 1103–1124. Bibcode: 2013AsBio..13.1103N. doi: 10.1089/ast.2013.1030. ISSN 1531-1074. PMC 3870916. PMID 24205812.
- ^ "Space dust may transport life between worlds". University of Edinburgh. 20 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ^ Tyrell, Kelly April (18 December 2017). "Oldest fossils ever found show life on Earth began before 3.5 billion years ago". University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ^ Schopf, J. William; Kitajima, Kouki; Spicuzza, Michael J.; Kudryavtsev, Anatolly B.; Valley, John W. (2017). "SIMS analyses of the oldest known assemblage of microfossils document their taxon-correlated carbon isotope compositions". PNAS. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1718063115. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ Staff, Lawrence Berkeley National laboratory (10 January 2018). "Ingredients for life revealed in meteorites that fell to Earth - Study, based in part at Berkeley Lab, also suggests dwarf planet in asteroid belt may be a source of rich organic matter". AAAS-Eureka Alert. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ^ Johnston, Ian (2 October 2017). "Life first emerged in 'warm little ponds' almost as old as the Earth itself - Charles Darwin's famous idea backed by new scientific study". The Independent. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
NOTE: - seems some of the edits added earlier to the " Biodiversity" article (based on " WP:ATT" and/or " WP:CWW") were taken, besides from my " Earliest known life forms" article and associated article history, but also from the " Biosphere" article - specifically, at the following " Biosphere" history links (see links copied below):
" Biosphere" EDIT HISTORY - 20 February 2024 to 7 October 2015 https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Biosphere&action=history&offset=&limit=500
" Biosphere" EDIT HISTORY - 1 Octobrer 2015 to 26 August 2011 https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Biosphere&action=history&offset=20151007192313%7C684619207&limit=500
Hope this helps in some way - iac - Stay Safe and Healthy !! - Drbogdan ( talk) 16:15, 15 March 2024 (UTC)
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 8 January 2024 and 20 April 2024. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Natura Texan, ~SnowyOwl17~ ( article contribs).
— Assignment last updated by Warmedforbs ( talk) 01:25, 18 April 2024 (UTC)
I've removed the recently added section on regime shifts (copied below) for the following reasons:
Regime Shifts: Biodiversity is impacted when when persistent structural and functional changes occur in ecosystems. Such changes can be between alternative stables states of ecosystems, or due to external shocks that cause secondary succession. [1] [2] Among documented regime shifts are woody plant encroachment that can represent a change from open grassland to woodland [3] as well as the change of coral-dominated reefs to a regime dominated by fleshy algae [4] [5]. EMsmile ( talk) 09:04, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
References
I've cut out these sentences (see below) because they seem rather messy to me, both in terms of language and content. If someone wants to put them back in please pay attention to clear and understandable language, and good quality references. Also, is this content really a summary of what is in the main text? And does it need to be in the first paragraph of the lead (many readers won't read further than the lead). The lead should also be lengthened by the way, to be around 450 to 500 words long. But the emphasis should be to ensure that the lead summarises the main sections of the main text. @ User:Michel Laurin can you help with improving the lead, keeping in mind WP:LEAD? Here is the cut out text:
++++++++
Marine coastal biodiversity is highest in the Western indian ocean steered mainly by the highest surface temper In all oceans across the planet, marine species varsity peaks in the mid-latitudinal zones. [1] Terrestrial species threatened with mass extinction can be observed in exceptionally dense regional biodiversity hotspots, with high levels of species endemism under threat. [2] There are 36 such hotspot regions which require the world's attention in order to secure union biodiversity. [3] [4] EMsmile ( talk) 09:38, 29 April 2024 (UTC) EMsmile ( talk) 09:38, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
References
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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 10 January 2023 and 21 April 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Sward2 ( article contribs).
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Discussion section LoomCreek ( talk) 06:25, 7 March 2023 (UTC)
According to a 2020 study by the World Wildlife Fund, the global human population already exceeds planet's biocapacity – it would take the equivalent of 1.56 Earths of biocapacity to meet our current demands. [1] The 2014 report further points that if everyone on the planet had the Footprint of the average resident of Qatar, we would need 4.8 Earths and if we lived the lifestyle of a typical resident of the US, we would need 3.9 Earths.
[2] EMsmile ( talk) 08:48, 7 March 2023 (UTC)
References
The overuse of these finite resources by at least 56% has had a devastating effect on biodiversity, which is crucial to sustaining human life on Earth. "It is like living off 1.56 Earths," Mathis Wackernagel, David Lin, Alessandro Galli and Laurel Hanscom from the Global Footprint Network said in the report.
@EMsmile The larger issue that remains is the lack of critical views within the section. As said, the idea of population size being the main/key factor in biodiversity is contentious. With many critics arguing overexploitation is the cause not population growth. It gives an incomplete understanding. I'll do my best to give a run down of events as I had attempted edits before.
LoomCreek (
talk) 09:08, 7 March 2023 (UTC)
I do plan further edits eventually. For the time being I've added the disclaimer as a stop gap to prevent potential misinformation.
It's also been done for documentation purposes. I would like to avoid edit warring.
I attempted to make some small edits removing some misleading information. And sourcing a critic of overpopulation theory, which were reverted. (and then the critic cited, Anthropologist Jason Hickel, was re-added & misleadingly quoted)
Later on a greater edit was attempted but I'm going to assume good faith from that individual due to some incidental WP:OR on my part.
LoomCreek (
talk) 09:10, 7 March 2023 (UTC)
"the IPBES (2022) report notes that a “race for profit” is fueling the collapse of biodiversity, highlighting that urgent cross-sectorial actions are needed to counter these losses, and these transcend issues of “how many people”. These challenges have been recognised, and work done to reconcile them, and they highlight that blaming “population” undermines our ability to deal with the real issues (Randers et al., 2019)."
I think the bullet point list that follows under "The 11 main direct threats to conservation are" is too detailed, especially those italic keywords in brackets. I would also convert those 11 threats to main text (currently they are level-2 sub-headings). EMsmile ( talk) 12:08, 25 June 2021 (UTC)
Artice revised here with RS NewsAndEventsGuy ( talk) 15:11, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
I think we need to condense the section on "threats" a bit and make it clearer that there is a sub-article on biodiversity loss that covers exactly this. Otherwise we have the problem that we have to updated and maintain the same kind of content in two different articles. Threats is really all about biodiversity loss, isn't it? EMsmile ( talk) 09:43, 7 March 2023 (UTC)
Dispute around inclusion of differing perspectives for overpopulation theory see discussion thread above LoomCreek ( talk) 05:21, 8 March 2023 (UTC)
{{
rfc}}
tag
EMsmile (
talk) 08:47, 8 March 2023 (UTC)I've removed the further reading list as I don't think it adds any value for this kind of article. Important publications should rather be used for in-line citations (multiple times if they're very useful).
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)EMsmile ( talk) 09:22, 8 March 2023 (UTC)
I think this sentence here is suffering from
WP:OVERCITE:
"Numerous scientists and the
IPBES
Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services assert that
human population growth and
overconsumption are the primary factors in this decline.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
."
Can we remove some of the refs? Also, if we follow my suggestion about replacing this with an excerpt then this sentence would go but we can bring it back by ensuring this is briefly included in the lead at
biodiversity loss if we think it's a crucial point.
EMsmile (
talk) 13:16, 28 March 2023 (UTC)
References
For the first time at a global scale, the report has ranked the causes of damage. Topping the list, changes in land use—principally agriculture—that have destroyed habitat. Second, hunting and other kinds of exploitation. These are followed by climate change, pollution, and invasive species, which are being spread by trade and other activities. Climate change will likely overtake the other threats in the next decades, the authors note. Driving these threats are the growing human population, which has doubled since 1970 to 7.6 billion, and consumption. (Per capita of use of materials is up 15% over the past 5 decades.)
The overarching driver of species extinction is human population growth and increasing per capita consumption.
EMsmile ( talk) 13:16, 28 March 2023 (UTC)
I think the article is a bit on the long side now (54 kB). I think there is room for condensing which would also help to bring out the key points to the reader more clearly. For example, the section on "protected areas" can be shortened (there are sub-articles for the details). I have added the template "section sizes" to the top of the talk page. It helps to see which sections are large. However, it doesn't seem to update properly, as the section on biodiversity loss is still shown as large (22 kB) even though I recently culled it down. Strange. Does anyone know why that is? EMsmile ( talk) 09:29, 31 March 2023 (UTC)
I've removed this text block (2 paragraphs) from the definitions section. In my opinion it doesn't fit there and I think it doesn't fit anywhere else in the article either. Perhaps fits more in a forestry article? The first para is unsourced (probably taken from FAO; probably same ref as given in the second para) and the second para is just one very long quote. It was all added in December 2020 by someone working for FAO in this edit.
"Forest biological biodiversity - Forest biological diversity is a broad term that refers to all life forms found within forested areas and the ecological roles they perform. As such, forest biological diversity encompasses not just trees, but the multitude of plants, animals and microorganisms that inhabit forest areas and their associated genetic diversity. Forest biological diversity can be considered at different levels, including ecosystem, landscape, species, population and genetic. Complex interactions can occur within and between these levels. In biologically diverse forests, this complexity allows organisms to adapt to continually changing environmental conditions and to maintain ecosystem functions.
In the annex to Decision II/9 (CBD, n.d.a), the Conference of the Parties to the CBD recognized that: "Forest biological diversity results from evolutionary processes over thousands and even millions of years which, in themselves, are driven by ecological forces such as climate, fire, competition and disturbance. Furthermore, the diversity of forest ecosystems (in both physical and biological features) results in high levels of adaptation, a feature of forest ecosystems which is an integral component of their biological diversity. Within specific forest ecosystems, the maintenance of ecological processes is dependent upon the maintenance of their biological diversity." [1]" EMsmile ( talk) 13:40, 8 May 2023 (UTC)
References
EMsmile ( talk) 13:40, 8 May 2023 (UTC)
I think the lead needs further work to become a better summary of the article, roughly following the same order and weight of topics. Currently the lead talks too much about the situation during geologic timespans, not enough about the current situation. This needs to be reworked. Does anyone have time to give it a go? EMsmile ( talk) 14:06, 8 May 2023 (UTC)
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 6 August 2023 and 8 September 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Abanarsee ( article contribs).
— Assignment last updated by Abanarsee ( talk) 05:06, 19 August 2023 (UTC)
I've just removed the sub-headings in the section on biodiversity loss because if we had some sub-headings then we would also need "all" relevant sub-headings plus content but this kind of content is available at the sub-article biodiversity loss. I would actually be inclined to replace this content with an excerpt from the lead of biodiversity loss (after building up that lead and ensuring it's really good). Thoughts? This way we have to in future only update and maintain one article about biodiversity loss, not two. EMsmile ( talk) 13:14, 28 March 2023 (UTC)
Dear Drbogdan Thanks for clarifying that this is your own writing. I now see that the your text from 2015 in this article had been copied by Loai Aljerf in 2017. https://medcraveonline.com/BIJ/biodiversity-is-key-for-more-variety-for-better-society.html#:~:text=The%20total%20amount%20of%20related,(trillion%20tons%20of%20carbon)
The text in question which you would like retained still lacks proper referencing. Can you provide proper references?
I can see the need for 3 references as follows unless all 3 statements come from the same source.
Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86% have not yet been described. REFERENCE
The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037 and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as four trillion tons of carbon. REFERENCE
In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth. REFERENCE
The second paragraph is in my opinion “off topic” and would be better placed in another WP article dealing with fossils. The text is as follows: The age of Earth is about 4.54 billion years. The earliest undisputed evidence of life dates at least from 3.7 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old meta-sedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More recently, in 2015, "remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. According to one of the researchers, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth...then it could be common in the universe." (REF 11)
Ref 11 that comes at the end here is as follows: https://web.archive.org/web/20151023200248/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20151019/us-sci--earliest_life-a400435d0d.html This refers to fossil rocks and I believe is off-topic for the biodiversity article.
Best wishes ASRASR ( talk) 18:07, 14 March 2024 (UTC)
REFERENCE 1 => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&oldid=837795301
[ EDIT => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&action=edit&oldid=837795301 ]
Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86% have not yet been described. REFERENCE[SOURCE]
Some estimates on the number of Earth's current species of life forms range from 10 million to 14 million, [1] of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. [2] However, a May 2016 scientific report estimates that 1 trillion species are currently on Earth, with only one-thousandth of one percent described. [3]
REFERENCE 2 => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&oldid=837795301
[ EDIT => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&action=edit&oldid=837795301 ]
The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037 and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as four trillion tons of carbon. REFERENCE[SOURCE]
The total number of DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037 with a weight of 50 billion tonnes. [4] In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 trillion tons of carbon. [5]
REFERENCE 3 => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&oldid=837795301
[ EDIT => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&action=edit&oldid=837795301 ]
In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth.REFERENCE[SOURCE]
In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth. [6]
REFERENCE 11 => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&oldid=837795301
[ EDIT => https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Earliest_known_life_forms&action=edit&oldid=837795301 ]
The second paragraph is in my opinion “off topic” and would be better placed in another WP article dealing with fossils. The text is as follows: The age of Earth is about 4.54 billion years. The earliest undisputed evidence of life dates at least from 3.7 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old meta-sedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More recently, in 2015, "remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. According to one of the researchers, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth...then it could be common in the universe." (REF 11)[SOURCE]
The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years; [7] [8] [9] the earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates from at least 3.5 billion years ago. [10] [11] [12]
There is evidence that life began much earlier.
In 2017, fossilized microorganisms, or microfossils, were announced to have been discovered in hydrothermal vent precipitates in the Nuvvuagittuq Belt of Quebec, Canada that may be as old as 4.28 billion years old, the oldest record of life on Earth, suggesting "an almost instantaneous emergence of life" (in a geological time-scale sense), after ocean formation 4.41 billion years ago, and not long after the formation of the Earth 4.54 billion years ago. [13] [14] [15] [16]
" Remains of life" have been found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. [19]
Evidence of biogenic graphite, [20] and possibly stromatolites, [21] was discovered in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks in southwestern Greenland.
In May 2017, evidence of life on land may have been found in 3.48 billion-year-old geyserite which is often found around hot springs and geysers, and other related mineral deposits, uncovered in the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia. [22] [23] This complements the November 2013 publication that microbial mat fossils had been found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone in Western Australia. [24] [25] [26]
In November 2017, a study by the University of Edinburgh suggested that life on Earth may have originated from biological particles carried by streams of space dust. [17] [27]
A December 2017 report stated that 3.465-billion-year-old Australian Apex chert rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. [28] [29]
In January 2018, a study found that 4.5 billion-year-old meteorites found on Earth contained liquid water along with prebiotic complex organic substances that may be ingredients for life. [18] [30]
According to biologist Stephen Blair Hedges, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth … then it could be common in the universe." [19] [31]
ReferencesReferences
- ^ G. Miller; Scott Spoolman (2012). Environmental Science - Biodiversity Is a Crucial Part of the Earth's Natural Capital. Cengage Learning. p. 62. ISBN 1-133-70787-4. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
- ^ Mora, C.; Tittensor, D.P.; Adl, S.; Simpson, A.G.; Worm, B. (23 August 2011). "How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean?". PLOS Biology. 9: e1001127. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127. PMC 3160336. PMID 21886479.
{{ cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link)- ^ Staff (2 May 2016). "Researchers find that Earth may be home to 1 trillion species". National Science Foundation. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
- ^ Nuwer, Rachel (18 July 2015). "Counting All the DNA on Earth". The New York Times. New York: The New York Times Company. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "The Biosphere: Diversity of Life". Aspen Global Change Institute. Basalt, CO. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ^ Wade, Nicholas (25 July 2016). "Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things". New York Times. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ^ "Age of the Earth". United States Geological Survey. 9 July 2007. Retrieved 2006-01-10.
- ^ Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Special Publications, Geological Society of London. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode: 2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14.
- ^ Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard; Hamelin, Bruno (May 1980). "Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 47 (3). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier: 370–382. Bibcode: 1980E&PSL..47..370M. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2. ISSN 0012-821X.
- ^ Schopf, J. William; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.; Czaja, Andrew D.; Tripathi, Abhishek B. (5 October 2007). "Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils". Precambrian Research. 158 (3–4). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier: 141–155. Bibcode: 2007PreR..158..141S. doi: 10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009. ISSN 0301-9268.
- ^ Schopf, J. William (29 June 2006). "Fossil evidence of Archaean life". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 361 (1470). London: Royal Society: 869–885. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2006.1834. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 1578735. PMID 16754604.
- ^ Raven, Peter H.; Johnson, George B. (2002). Biology (6th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. p. 68. ISBN 0-07-112261-3. LCCN 2001030052. OCLC 45806501.
- ^ Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic; Grenne, Tor; slack, John F.; Rittner, Martin; Pirajno, Franco; O'Neil, Jonathan; Little, Crispin T. S. (2 March 2017). "Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates". Nature. 543. Bibcode: 2017Natur.543...60D. doi: 10.1038/nature21377. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
- ^ Zimmer, Carl (1 March 2017). "Scientists Say Canadian Bacteria Fossils May Be Earth's Oldest". New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
- ^ Ghosh, Pallab (1 March 2017). "Earliest evidence of life on Earth 'found". BBC News. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
- ^ Dunham, Will (1 March 2017). "Canadian bacteria-like fossils called oldest evidence of life". Reuters. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
- ^ a b Berera, Arjun (6 November 2017). "Space dust collisions as a planetary escape mechanism". arXiv. arXiv: 1711.01895. Bibcode: 2017AsBio..17.1274B. doi: 10.1089/ast.2017.1662. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ^ a b Chan, Queenie H. S.; et al. (10 January 2018). "Organic matter in extraterrestrial water-bearing salt crystals". Science Advances. 4 (1, eaao3521). Bibcode: 2018SciA....4O3521C. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aao3521. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ^ a b Borenstein, Seth (19 October 2015). "Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth". Excite. Yonkers, NY: Mindspark Interactive Network. Associated Press. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ^ Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; et al. (January 2014). "Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience. 7 (1). London: Nature Publishing Group: 25–28. Bibcode: 2014NatGe...7...25O. doi: 10.1038/ngeo2025. ISSN 1752-0894.
- ^ Wade, Nicholas (31 August 2016). "World's Oldest Fossils Found in Greenland". New York Times. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ Staff (9 May 2017). "Oldest evidence of life on land found in 3.48-billion-year-old Australian rocks". Phys.org. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ Djokic, Tara; Van Kranendonk, Martin J.; Campbell, Kathleen A.; Walter, Malcolm R.; Ward, Colin R. (9 May 2017). "Earliest signs of life on land preserved in ca. 3.5 Ga hot spring deposits". Nature Communications. Bibcode: 2017NatCo...815263D. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15263. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
- ^ Borenstein, Seth (13 November 2013). "Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom". Excite. Yonkers, NY: Mindspark Interactive Network. Associated Press. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ Pearlman, Jonathan (13 November 2013). "'Oldest signs of life on Earth found'". The Daily Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 2014-12-15.
- ^ Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (16 November 2013). "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology. 13 (12). New Rochelle, NY: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.: 1103–1124. Bibcode: 2013AsBio..13.1103N. doi: 10.1089/ast.2013.1030. ISSN 1531-1074. PMC 3870916. PMID 24205812.
- ^ "Space dust may transport life between worlds". University of Edinburgh. 20 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- ^ Tyrell, Kelly April (18 December 2017). "Oldest fossils ever found show life on Earth began before 3.5 billion years ago". University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ^ Schopf, J. William; Kitajima, Kouki; Spicuzza, Michael J.; Kudryavtsev, Anatolly B.; Valley, John W. (2017). "SIMS analyses of the oldest known assemblage of microfossils document their taxon-correlated carbon isotope compositions". PNAS. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1718063115. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ Staff, Lawrence Berkeley National laboratory (10 January 2018). "Ingredients for life revealed in meteorites that fell to Earth - Study, based in part at Berkeley Lab, also suggests dwarf planet in asteroid belt may be a source of rich organic matter". AAAS-Eureka Alert. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
- ^ Johnston, Ian (2 October 2017). "Life first emerged in 'warm little ponds' almost as old as the Earth itself - Charles Darwin's famous idea backed by new scientific study". The Independent. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
NOTE: - seems some of the edits added earlier to the " Biodiversity" article (based on " WP:ATT" and/or " WP:CWW") were taken, besides from my " Earliest known life forms" article and associated article history, but also from the " Biosphere" article - specifically, at the following " Biosphere" history links (see links copied below):
" Biosphere" EDIT HISTORY - 20 February 2024 to 7 October 2015 https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Biosphere&action=history&offset=&limit=500
" Biosphere" EDIT HISTORY - 1 Octobrer 2015 to 26 August 2011 https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Biosphere&action=history&offset=20151007192313%7C684619207&limit=500
Hope this helps in some way - iac - Stay Safe and Healthy !! - Drbogdan ( talk) 16:15, 15 March 2024 (UTC)
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 8 January 2024 and 20 April 2024. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Natura Texan, ~SnowyOwl17~ ( article contribs).
— Assignment last updated by Warmedforbs ( talk) 01:25, 18 April 2024 (UTC)
I've removed the recently added section on regime shifts (copied below) for the following reasons:
Regime Shifts: Biodiversity is impacted when when persistent structural and functional changes occur in ecosystems. Such changes can be between alternative stables states of ecosystems, or due to external shocks that cause secondary succession. [1] [2] Among documented regime shifts are woody plant encroachment that can represent a change from open grassland to woodland [3] as well as the change of coral-dominated reefs to a regime dominated by fleshy algae [4] [5]. EMsmile ( talk) 09:04, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
References
I've cut out these sentences (see below) because they seem rather messy to me, both in terms of language and content. If someone wants to put them back in please pay attention to clear and understandable language, and good quality references. Also, is this content really a summary of what is in the main text? And does it need to be in the first paragraph of the lead (many readers won't read further than the lead). The lead should also be lengthened by the way, to be around 450 to 500 words long. But the emphasis should be to ensure that the lead summarises the main sections of the main text. @ User:Michel Laurin can you help with improving the lead, keeping in mind WP:LEAD? Here is the cut out text:
++++++++
Marine coastal biodiversity is highest in the Western indian ocean steered mainly by the highest surface temper In all oceans across the planet, marine species varsity peaks in the mid-latitudinal zones. [1] Terrestrial species threatened with mass extinction can be observed in exceptionally dense regional biodiversity hotspots, with high levels of species endemism under threat. [2] There are 36 such hotspot regions which require the world's attention in order to secure union biodiversity. [3] [4] EMsmile ( talk) 09:38, 29 April 2024 (UTC) EMsmile ( talk) 09:38, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
References