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Extracts of the adrenal gland were first obtained by Polish physiologist Napoleon Cybulski in 1895. These extracts, which he called nadnerczyna ("adrenalin"), contained adrenaline and other catecholamines.In 1901, Takamine successfully isolated and purified the hormone from the adrenal glands of sheep and oxen.
Some people put adrenal extract under the tongue for physical or emotional stress, poor stress tolerance, general fatigue, allergies, autoimmune disorders, depression, pain and swelling (inflammation), low blood pressure, low blood sugar, drug and alcohol withdrawal, and discontinuation of cortisone drugs.
(Adrenaline)It is given intravenously, by injection into a muscle, by inhalation, or by injection just under the skin.
Adrenal extract is UNSAFE when injected. There have been at least 50 reports of serious infection at the injection site.
Since DHEA levels decline with age, some researchers speculate that supplementing your body's falling levels of the hormone might help fight aging. And some small studies have reported positive anti-aging effects from the use of DHEA supplements
Adrenal gland is responsible for the production of Cortisol Aldosterone DHEA and Androgenic Steroids Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline).
Based on this, I suspect some instances of purported "adrenochrome" to be a misnomer of adrenal extract. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2605:A601:AACF:CF00:A52E:404B:A451:13F2 ( talk) 13:07, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
I just read the article referenced (Sommer, R., and H. Osmond Am. Anthropologist 62:1051 (1960).). It has nothing to do with what it is citing; it is a three page synthesis of studies on word association. I'm removing the sentence until there is real support of it. Chris b shanks ( talk) 22:05, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
Furthermore, if anyone has access to the book, they should check the reference (Hoffer, A. and Osmond, H. The Hallucinogens (Academic Press, 1967).). Considering the second reference (mentioned above) one was completely off-topic, this one needs checking. Chris b shanks ( talk) 22:09, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
Not a hoax. This wikipedia page is in poor condition and is a stub. Adrenochrome may cause irritability, apathy, visual and auditory hallucinations, acute schizophrenia, tachycardia,loss of concentration, paranoia, ambivalence, alterations in perception and estimation of time,difficulty in concentrating, relaxation, euphoria, giggling etc.
"In a few subjects disturbed associations carried on until the next placebo experiment although they had been normal before. This they had never observed with LSD, mescaline, or psilocybine. They finally concluded that the changes in thinking induced by adrenochrome were similar to those observed in schizophrenia."
"Most of the subjects had not taken other hallucinogens and so had no basis for comparison. Of the group that did, two compared it to mild psilo-cybine experiments and three to mild LSD reactions"
Seems like an unstable molecule with adrenochrome semicarbazone being not psychoactive ,d-adrenochrome and dl-adrenochrome showing psychoactive properties. Possibly depends on how your body metabolizes the substance is why some people are more susceptible to effect. During the experiments with LSD there are instances of no effects reported. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2605:A601:AACF:CF00:2402:DEA0:4E6B:1983 ( talk) 12:09, 18 July 2020 (UTC)
As a metalurgist, I have used substances containing Adrenochrome, (in solution) to facilitate the anodic plating process. If further interested, see Mil-P-23377 Anodic Coatings. Also see "Anodizing". David A. Davis ddavis1715@hotmail.com —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.27.25.194 ( talk • contribs) 23:09, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
Rinkel found that adrenochrome is not a hallucinogen. However, most likely he was using adrenochromesemicarbazide, which is inert. This substance does not get hydrolized and it does not release adrenochrome in the body. Rinkel later admitted his mistake in a largely unknown report. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Cooltrance ( talk • contribs) 20:24, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
It is possible to have adrenochrome formation from Epinephrine in solution pH slightly acid with a low concentration in sulfite & EDTA (anesthesic solution)? Thanks —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 62.161.216.129 ( talk • contribs) 12:31, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
Impossible. Epinephrine needs an oxidizing agent to form adrenochrome; specifically, silver oxide. Fuzzform —The preceding comment was added on 01:36, 16 February 2006.
I forget the name of the short story, but William Gibson mentions the adrenaline -> adrenochrome skitz thing in a short story in the collection "Burning Chrome." He has a character tell a "wiz" addict that the drug she's on must have some kinky little tail to keep the adrenaline from turning into adrenachrome, or she'd be skitz by now. -- TCallahan. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 12.25.62.140 ( talk • contribs) 15:52, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
Seeing as the references in music have being removed and that an entire page of reference to Andrenochrome probably isnt warrented perhaps a small section under "Usage in Song Lyrics" / "Popular culture references" , any thoughts 62.254.167.3 15:44, 21 March 2007 (UTC)PreachanStoirm (couldnt log in at time of writing)
I agree with the Adrenochrome in music idea. It's the title of a Sisters of Mercy song and I've long wondered about it, but reading Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas finally drove me to look it up here. The page could use some more references. Somgoth ( talk) 05:41, 10 September 2009 (UTC)
When talking about Qanon, it says a "false conspiracy theories"... I'm not an English professor, but that's a bit close to a double negative for my liking.
Wikipedia is not a concordance of passing pop culture "mentions." The Thompson and Burgess references have received attention in secondary sources that discuss the conspiracy theory, but that is not a reason to go listing every cultural work that drops the compound's name. 73.71.251.64 ( talk) 19:28, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 07:51, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
Episode 1 of the British detective show "Lewis" involves several characters who, during their college years, killed a girl to obtain adrenochrome in pursuit of the ultimate high. It sounds like they simply lifted the idea straight from Fear and Loathing, however 220.29.16.5 ( talk) 15:17, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
In the opening scene of A Clockwork Orange, the main character talks about drinking milk laced with "drencrom" which appears to be a commercial version of adrenochrome (in universe). Not sure how to add this/if it should be added. TheNeutroniumAlchemist ( talk) 04:00, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
The (alleged) hallucinogenic properties of adrenochrome, and its chemical similarity to mescaline and LSD are mentioned in Aldous Huxley's (1954) essay, The Doors of Perception < http://www.mescaline.com/huxley.htm>. The essay, mostly about Huxley's experience with mescaline, was very widely read by people involved in (or just interested in) the psychedelic drug culture of the 1960s, and it is almost certainly where Hunter Thompson heard about adrenochrome, and the ultimate source of all the other pop culture references. (The rock band, The Doors, also took their name from Huxley's essay, which itself derived its title from the poet William Blake.) Treharne ( talk) 05:33, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
From http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.cgi?S1=329&S2=-1&C1=-1&Str= :
"To sum up, effects were extremely weak, absolutely not fun nor psychedelic in anyway, and short lived."
Another thing that the trip reports suggests is how scarce the substance is, as there is only three of them. That may be another cause of the myths surrounding this drug. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.95.155.8 ( talk) 11:37, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
what this section has to do with mysticism or religion is totally unclear, despite dropping those words multiple times 23:04, 11 May 2013 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.189.46.33 ( talk)
A number of recently published papers consider Hoffer's paper a landmark contribution to the notion that impairment of what's now termed the anti-oxidant defense system (AODS) seems to play a role in schizophrenia. [1] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Michaplot ( talk • contribs) 09:28, 5 April 2020 (UTC)
From entry #157 (TMA; 3,4,5-TRIMETHOXYAMPHETAMINE):
"Also there had been interest in reports that adrenalin that had become old and discolored seemed to elicit central effects in man. The oxidation products were identified as the deeply colored indolic compound adrenochrome and the colorless analogue adrenolutin. The controversy that these reports created just sort of died away, and the adrenochrome family has never been accepted as being psychedelic. No one in the scientific community today is looking in and about the area, and at present this is considered as an interesting historical footnote."
References
According to https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrénochrome adrenochrome is blue in the solid state. Simon de Danser ( talk) 17:04, 18 July 2020 (UTC)
According to https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0012884 this article is about the (R)-enantiomer. Simon de Danser ( talk) 19:31, 18 July 2020 (UTC)
It would be more helpful to state what the "chrome" part of the name does indicate, instead of what it doesn't. And that is: the substance's characteristic red color that Green and Richter relied on during their experiments to isolate it. (DOI:10.1042/bj0310596) The color in solution is already mentioned, but is not linked back to the name. 73.71.251.64 ( talk) 19:26, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
This
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Please add this sentence to the section "Adrenochrome is a component of several false conspiracy theories such as QAnon and the Pizzagate conspiracy theory.[18][19][20]":
Because adrenochrome can easily be synthesized from adrenalin through oxidation, it would be inefficient to extract adrenochrome from human blood. CanmodWiki ( talk) 16:41, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
Doesn't seem to be, per this Health Canada letter https://isomerdesign.com/Cdsa/HC/StatusDecisions/A-2013-00235%20-%20PDFs/NC-Adrenochrome-2011-01-24.pdf . That's not a strong enough source to state that it's not controlled either, decided to remove the claim either way. 98.2.228.116 ( talk) 23:14, 24 October 2021 (UTC)
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fix the "tortired" children bit and move the twitter url to references. completely unprofessional but what more can I expect from wikipedia I guess. 2601:242:C001:4C0:844F:F157:4367:B751 ( talk) 14:21, 12 July 2023 (UTC)
The article says at one point adrenochrome is deep violet, in another piece it's described as pink. Here in the talk pages, it's further described as red, and blue. I myself have never seen the substance, but perhaps someone who has could then provide a link to a reliable source? Gzuckier ( talk) 20:27, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
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Extracts of the adrenal gland were first obtained by Polish physiologist Napoleon Cybulski in 1895. These extracts, which he called nadnerczyna ("adrenalin"), contained adrenaline and other catecholamines.In 1901, Takamine successfully isolated and purified the hormone from the adrenal glands of sheep and oxen.
Some people put adrenal extract under the tongue for physical or emotional stress, poor stress tolerance, general fatigue, allergies, autoimmune disorders, depression, pain and swelling (inflammation), low blood pressure, low blood sugar, drug and alcohol withdrawal, and discontinuation of cortisone drugs.
(Adrenaline)It is given intravenously, by injection into a muscle, by inhalation, or by injection just under the skin.
Adrenal extract is UNSAFE when injected. There have been at least 50 reports of serious infection at the injection site.
Since DHEA levels decline with age, some researchers speculate that supplementing your body's falling levels of the hormone might help fight aging. And some small studies have reported positive anti-aging effects from the use of DHEA supplements
Adrenal gland is responsible for the production of Cortisol Aldosterone DHEA and Androgenic Steroids Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline).
Based on this, I suspect some instances of purported "adrenochrome" to be a misnomer of adrenal extract. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2605:A601:AACF:CF00:A52E:404B:A451:13F2 ( talk) 13:07, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
I just read the article referenced (Sommer, R., and H. Osmond Am. Anthropologist 62:1051 (1960).). It has nothing to do with what it is citing; it is a three page synthesis of studies on word association. I'm removing the sentence until there is real support of it. Chris b shanks ( talk) 22:05, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
Furthermore, if anyone has access to the book, they should check the reference (Hoffer, A. and Osmond, H. The Hallucinogens (Academic Press, 1967).). Considering the second reference (mentioned above) one was completely off-topic, this one needs checking. Chris b shanks ( talk) 22:09, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
Not a hoax. This wikipedia page is in poor condition and is a stub. Adrenochrome may cause irritability, apathy, visual and auditory hallucinations, acute schizophrenia, tachycardia,loss of concentration, paranoia, ambivalence, alterations in perception and estimation of time,difficulty in concentrating, relaxation, euphoria, giggling etc.
"In a few subjects disturbed associations carried on until the next placebo experiment although they had been normal before. This they had never observed with LSD, mescaline, or psilocybine. They finally concluded that the changes in thinking induced by adrenochrome were similar to those observed in schizophrenia."
"Most of the subjects had not taken other hallucinogens and so had no basis for comparison. Of the group that did, two compared it to mild psilo-cybine experiments and three to mild LSD reactions"
Seems like an unstable molecule with adrenochrome semicarbazone being not psychoactive ,d-adrenochrome and dl-adrenochrome showing psychoactive properties. Possibly depends on how your body metabolizes the substance is why some people are more susceptible to effect. During the experiments with LSD there are instances of no effects reported. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2605:A601:AACF:CF00:2402:DEA0:4E6B:1983 ( talk) 12:09, 18 July 2020 (UTC)
As a metalurgist, I have used substances containing Adrenochrome, (in solution) to facilitate the anodic plating process. If further interested, see Mil-P-23377 Anodic Coatings. Also see "Anodizing". David A. Davis ddavis1715@hotmail.com —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.27.25.194 ( talk • contribs) 23:09, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
Rinkel found that adrenochrome is not a hallucinogen. However, most likely he was using adrenochromesemicarbazide, which is inert. This substance does not get hydrolized and it does not release adrenochrome in the body. Rinkel later admitted his mistake in a largely unknown report. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Cooltrance ( talk • contribs) 20:24, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
It is possible to have adrenochrome formation from Epinephrine in solution pH slightly acid with a low concentration in sulfite & EDTA (anesthesic solution)? Thanks —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 62.161.216.129 ( talk • contribs) 12:31, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
Impossible. Epinephrine needs an oxidizing agent to form adrenochrome; specifically, silver oxide. Fuzzform —The preceding comment was added on 01:36, 16 February 2006.
I forget the name of the short story, but William Gibson mentions the adrenaline -> adrenochrome skitz thing in a short story in the collection "Burning Chrome." He has a character tell a "wiz" addict that the drug she's on must have some kinky little tail to keep the adrenaline from turning into adrenachrome, or she'd be skitz by now. -- TCallahan. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 12.25.62.140 ( talk • contribs) 15:52, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
Seeing as the references in music have being removed and that an entire page of reference to Andrenochrome probably isnt warrented perhaps a small section under "Usage in Song Lyrics" / "Popular culture references" , any thoughts 62.254.167.3 15:44, 21 March 2007 (UTC)PreachanStoirm (couldnt log in at time of writing)
I agree with the Adrenochrome in music idea. It's the title of a Sisters of Mercy song and I've long wondered about it, but reading Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas finally drove me to look it up here. The page could use some more references. Somgoth ( talk) 05:41, 10 September 2009 (UTC)
When talking about Qanon, it says a "false conspiracy theories"... I'm not an English professor, but that's a bit close to a double negative for my liking.
Wikipedia is not a concordance of passing pop culture "mentions." The Thompson and Burgess references have received attention in secondary sources that discuss the conspiracy theory, but that is not a reason to go listing every cultural work that drops the compound's name. 73.71.251.64 ( talk) 19:28, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 07:51, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
Episode 1 of the British detective show "Lewis" involves several characters who, during their college years, killed a girl to obtain adrenochrome in pursuit of the ultimate high. It sounds like they simply lifted the idea straight from Fear and Loathing, however 220.29.16.5 ( talk) 15:17, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
In the opening scene of A Clockwork Orange, the main character talks about drinking milk laced with "drencrom" which appears to be a commercial version of adrenochrome (in universe). Not sure how to add this/if it should be added. TheNeutroniumAlchemist ( talk) 04:00, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
The (alleged) hallucinogenic properties of adrenochrome, and its chemical similarity to mescaline and LSD are mentioned in Aldous Huxley's (1954) essay, The Doors of Perception < http://www.mescaline.com/huxley.htm>. The essay, mostly about Huxley's experience with mescaline, was very widely read by people involved in (or just interested in) the psychedelic drug culture of the 1960s, and it is almost certainly where Hunter Thompson heard about adrenochrome, and the ultimate source of all the other pop culture references. (The rock band, The Doors, also took their name from Huxley's essay, which itself derived its title from the poet William Blake.) Treharne ( talk) 05:33, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
From http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.cgi?S1=329&S2=-1&C1=-1&Str= :
"To sum up, effects were extremely weak, absolutely not fun nor psychedelic in anyway, and short lived."
Another thing that the trip reports suggests is how scarce the substance is, as there is only three of them. That may be another cause of the myths surrounding this drug. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.95.155.8 ( talk) 11:37, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
what this section has to do with mysticism or religion is totally unclear, despite dropping those words multiple times 23:04, 11 May 2013 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.189.46.33 ( talk)
A number of recently published papers consider Hoffer's paper a landmark contribution to the notion that impairment of what's now termed the anti-oxidant defense system (AODS) seems to play a role in schizophrenia. [1] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Michaplot ( talk • contribs) 09:28, 5 April 2020 (UTC)
From entry #157 (TMA; 3,4,5-TRIMETHOXYAMPHETAMINE):
"Also there had been interest in reports that adrenalin that had become old and discolored seemed to elicit central effects in man. The oxidation products were identified as the deeply colored indolic compound adrenochrome and the colorless analogue adrenolutin. The controversy that these reports created just sort of died away, and the adrenochrome family has never been accepted as being psychedelic. No one in the scientific community today is looking in and about the area, and at present this is considered as an interesting historical footnote."
References
According to https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrénochrome adrenochrome is blue in the solid state. Simon de Danser ( talk) 17:04, 18 July 2020 (UTC)
According to https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0012884 this article is about the (R)-enantiomer. Simon de Danser ( talk) 19:31, 18 July 2020 (UTC)
It would be more helpful to state what the "chrome" part of the name does indicate, instead of what it doesn't. And that is: the substance's characteristic red color that Green and Richter relied on during their experiments to isolate it. (DOI:10.1042/bj0310596) The color in solution is already mentioned, but is not linked back to the name. 73.71.251.64 ( talk) 19:26, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
This
edit request has been answered. Set the |answered= or |ans= parameter to no to reactivate your request. |
Please add this sentence to the section "Adrenochrome is a component of several false conspiracy theories such as QAnon and the Pizzagate conspiracy theory.[18][19][20]":
Because adrenochrome can easily be synthesized from adrenalin through oxidation, it would be inefficient to extract adrenochrome from human blood. CanmodWiki ( talk) 16:41, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
Doesn't seem to be, per this Health Canada letter https://isomerdesign.com/Cdsa/HC/StatusDecisions/A-2013-00235%20-%20PDFs/NC-Adrenochrome-2011-01-24.pdf . That's not a strong enough source to state that it's not controlled either, decided to remove the claim either way. 98.2.228.116 ( talk) 23:14, 24 October 2021 (UTC)
This
edit request has been answered. Set the |answered= or |ans= parameter to no to reactivate your request. |
fix the "tortired" children bit and move the twitter url to references. completely unprofessional but what more can I expect from wikipedia I guess. 2601:242:C001:4C0:844F:F157:4367:B751 ( talk) 14:21, 12 July 2023 (UTC)
The article says at one point adrenochrome is deep violet, in another piece it's described as pink. Here in the talk pages, it's further described as red, and blue. I myself have never seen the substance, but perhaps someone who has could then provide a link to a reliable source? Gzuckier ( talk) 20:27, 26 February 2024 (UTC)