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The t膩bi士奴n ( Arabic: 丕賻賱鬲賻賾丕亘賽毓購賵賳賻, also accusative or genitive t膩bi士墨n 丕賻賱鬲賻賾丕亘賽毓賽賷賳賻, singular t膩bi士 鬲賻丕亘賽毓賹), "followers" or "successors", are the generation of Muslims who followed the companions (峁岣ツ乥a) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and thus received their teachings secondhand. [1] A t膩bi士 knew at least one 峁岣ツ乥墨. [2] As such, they played an important part in the development of Islamic thought and knowledge, and in the political development of the early caliphate.
The next generation of Muslims after the tabi士奴n are called the t膩bi士 at-t膩bi士墨n 鬲賻丕亘賽毓購賵 俦賱鬲賻賾丕亘賽毓賽賷賳賻. The first three generations of Muhammad's followers make up the salaf 爻賻賱賻賮購 of Islam.
Sunni definition
Muslims from the Sunni branch of Islam define a t膩bi士 as a Muslim who:
- Saw at least one of the companions of Muhammad
- Was rightly-guided (ar-r膩拧id奴n)
- One who died in that state. The Khawarij are therefore not referred to as t膩bi士奴n even though they saw many of Muhammad's companions.
Sunni Muslims also regard the t膩bi士奴n as the best generation after the companions. According to Sunni Muslims, Muhammad said: "The best people are those living in my generation, then those coming after them, and then those coming after (the second generation)" [3]
The t膩bi士奴n are divided by most Muslim scholars into three classes: [4]
- The students of companions who accepted Islam before the conquest of Mecca
- The students of companions who accepted Islam after the conquest of Mecca
- The students of companions who were not yet adults at the time of Muhammad's passing
List of t膩bi士奴n
The first t膩bi士 to die was Zayd ibn Ma'mar ibn Zayd, 30 years after the hijra, and the last to die was Khalaf ibn Khalifa, who died in 180 AH. Alternatively, since the status of Khalaf ibn Khalifa as a t膩bi士 is strongly challenged by reputed scholars, the last to die from amongst them may have been Jarir bin Haazim in 170 AH. Therefore, many of the t膩bi士奴n were tasked with the preservation of Islamic traditions from the era of the companions to later Muslims. [4]
- Aban ibn Uthman
- Abbad ibn Abd Allah az-Zubair
- Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
- Abd al-Rahman al-Awza'i
- Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla al-Kindi (d. 701), transmitter of traditions on Ali and the companions, joined the uprising of Ibn al-Ash'ath and killed at the Battle of Dayr al-Jamajim. [5]
- Abu Muslim al-Khawlani
- Abu Hanifa (80 - 150 A.H.) [6] [7]
- Ahnaf ibn Qais [8]
- Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
- Alqama ibn Qays
- Amr ibn Uthman
- Amir al-Sha'bi
- Ata ibn Abi Rabah (d. 106 A.H.) [8]
- Hammam ibn Munabbih
- Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (d. 100 A.H.)
- Hasan al-Basri (21 - 110 A.H.)
- Ibn Jurayj
- Ibn Kathir al-Makki
- Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (d. 124 A.H.) [8]
- Ibn Sirin
- Ja'far al-Sadiq
- Malik Dinar
- Masruq ibn al-Ajda' (d. 103 A.H.) [8]
- Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Mujahid ibn Jabr
- Nafi Mawla Ibn Umar
- Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (d. 103 A.H.) [8]
- Said ibn al-Musayyib (d. 93 A.H.) [8]
- Sa'id ibn Jubayr
- Salim ibn Abd-Allah
- Shaikh Habib Al-Raee [9]
- Sulaym ibn Qays
- Sulaiman al-A式mash
- Tawus ibn Kaysan
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Abd-Allah (d. 98 A.H.) [8]
- Umar II
- Urwah ibn Zubayr (d. 94 A.H.) [8]
- Uwais al-Qarani
- Wuhayb ibn al-Ward
- Yahya ibn Sa'd (d. 143 A.H.) [8]
- Zayd ibn Ali (d. 740 C.E. (122 A.H. ?))
- Al-Nakhai (d.714) [8] Al-Nakhai
 |
See also
References
- ^ Glasse, Cyril (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Altamira. p. 443. ISBN 0-7591-0189-2.
- ^ Esposito, John L. (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 301.
- ^ "CRCC: Center For Muslim-Jewish Engagement: Resources: Religious Texts". www.usc.edu. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05.
- ^ a b Siddiqi, Muhammad (1993). Hadith Literature (PDF). Oxford: The Islamic Texts Society. p. 29. ISBN 0946621381.
- ^ Morony, Michael G. (1984). Iraq after the Muslim Conquest. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 435, 467. ISBN 0-691-05395-2.
-
^ Meri, Josef W. (October 31, 2005).
Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 5.
ISBN
9781135456030.
Abu Hanifa is counted among the most illustrious of the Tabi'un (literally "the successors,"which refers to the second generation of Muslims), and some sources relate that he met at least four Companions of the Prophet
- ^ 脰nc眉 S没f卯lerden Fudayl b.鈥業y芒d鈥櫮眓 (枚l. 187/802) 陌lm卯 艦ahsiyeti." 艦谋rnak 脺niversitesi 陌lahiyat Fak眉ltesi Dergisi 11.24 (2020): 159-185. "..Tabi'un are the people who followed Sahaba, the companions of the prophet), is one of the important names in the history of Islamic science. Fudayl, who was an Arab, spent his life in three regions: Khorasan, Kufa, and Mecca. Names such as Abu Hanifa, Mansur bin Mu'temir.."
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts Archived 2006-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hazrat Ali bin Usman Al-Hujwiri (2001). The Kashf Al-Mahjub:A Persian Treatise on Sufism. Justice Karam Shah. Zia-ul-Quran Publications Lahore Pakistan.
| Part of a series on |
| Islam |
|---|
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The t膩bi士奴n ( Arabic: 丕賻賱鬲賻賾丕亘賽毓購賵賳賻, also accusative or genitive t膩bi士墨n 丕賻賱鬲賻賾丕亘賽毓賽賷賳賻, singular t膩bi士 鬲賻丕亘賽毓賹), "followers" or "successors", are the generation of Muslims who followed the companions (峁岣ツ乥a) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and thus received their teachings secondhand. [1] A t膩bi士 knew at least one 峁岣ツ乥墨. [2] As such, they played an important part in the development of Islamic thought and knowledge, and in the political development of the early caliphate.
The next generation of Muslims after the tabi士奴n are called the t膩bi士 at-t膩bi士墨n 鬲賻丕亘賽毓購賵 俦賱鬲賻賾丕亘賽毓賽賷賳賻. The first three generations of Muhammad's followers make up the salaf 爻賻賱賻賮購 of Islam.
Sunni definition
Muslims from the Sunni branch of Islam define a t膩bi士 as a Muslim who:
- Saw at least one of the companions of Muhammad
- Was rightly-guided (ar-r膩拧id奴n)
- One who died in that state. The Khawarij are therefore not referred to as t膩bi士奴n even though they saw many of Muhammad's companions.
Sunni Muslims also regard the t膩bi士奴n as the best generation after the companions. According to Sunni Muslims, Muhammad said: "The best people are those living in my generation, then those coming after them, and then those coming after (the second generation)" [3]
The t膩bi士奴n are divided by most Muslim scholars into three classes: [4]
- The students of companions who accepted Islam before the conquest of Mecca
- The students of companions who accepted Islam after the conquest of Mecca
- The students of companions who were not yet adults at the time of Muhammad's passing
List of t膩bi士奴n
The first t膩bi士 to die was Zayd ibn Ma'mar ibn Zayd, 30 years after the hijra, and the last to die was Khalaf ibn Khalifa, who died in 180 AH. Alternatively, since the status of Khalaf ibn Khalifa as a t膩bi士 is strongly challenged by reputed scholars, the last to die from amongst them may have been Jarir bin Haazim in 170 AH. Therefore, many of the t膩bi士奴n were tasked with the preservation of Islamic traditions from the era of the companions to later Muslims. [4]
- Aban ibn Uthman
- Abbad ibn Abd Allah az-Zubair
- Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
- Abd al-Rahman al-Awza'i
- Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla al-Kindi (d. 701), transmitter of traditions on Ali and the companions, joined the uprising of Ibn al-Ash'ath and killed at the Battle of Dayr al-Jamajim. [5]
- Abu Muslim al-Khawlani
- Abu Hanifa (80 - 150 A.H.) [6] [7]
- Ahnaf ibn Qais [8]
- Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
- Alqama ibn Qays
- Amr ibn Uthman
- Amir al-Sha'bi
- Ata ibn Abi Rabah (d. 106 A.H.) [8]
- Hammam ibn Munabbih
- Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (d. 100 A.H.)
- Hasan al-Basri (21 - 110 A.H.)
- Ibn Jurayj
- Ibn Kathir al-Makki
- Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (d. 124 A.H.) [8]
- Ibn Sirin
- Ja'far al-Sadiq
- Malik Dinar
- Masruq ibn al-Ajda' (d. 103 A.H.) [8]
- Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Mujahid ibn Jabr
- Nafi Mawla Ibn Umar
- Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (d. 103 A.H.) [8]
- Said ibn al-Musayyib (d. 93 A.H.) [8]
- Sa'id ibn Jubayr
- Salim ibn Abd-Allah
- Shaikh Habib Al-Raee [9]
- Sulaym ibn Qays
- Sulaiman al-A式mash
- Tawus ibn Kaysan
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Abd-Allah (d. 98 A.H.) [8]
- Umar II
- Urwah ibn Zubayr (d. 94 A.H.) [8]
- Uwais al-Qarani
- Wuhayb ibn al-Ward
- Yahya ibn Sa'd (d. 143 A.H.) [8]
- Zayd ibn Ali (d. 740 C.E. (122 A.H. ?))
- Al-Nakhai (d.714) [8] Al-Nakhai
|
See also
References
- ^ Glasse, Cyril (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Altamira. p. 443. ISBN 0-7591-0189-2.
- ^ Esposito, John L. (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 301.
- ^ "CRCC: Center For Muslim-Jewish Engagement: Resources: Religious Texts". www.usc.edu. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05.
- ^ a b Siddiqi, Muhammad (1993). Hadith Literature (PDF). Oxford: The Islamic Texts Society. p. 29. ISBN 0946621381.
- ^ Morony, Michael G. (1984). Iraq after the Muslim Conquest. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 435, 467. ISBN 0-691-05395-2.
-
^ Meri, Josef W. (October 31, 2005).
Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 5.
ISBN
9781135456030.
Abu Hanifa is counted among the most illustrious of the Tabi'un (literally "the successors,"which refers to the second generation of Muslims), and some sources relate that he met at least four Companions of the Prophet
- ^ 脰nc眉 S没f卯lerden Fudayl b.鈥業y芒d鈥櫮眓 (枚l. 187/802) 陌lm卯 艦ahsiyeti." 艦谋rnak 脺niversitesi 陌lahiyat Fak眉ltesi Dergisi 11.24 (2020): 159-185. "..Tabi'un are the people who followed Sahaba, the companions of the prophet), is one of the important names in the history of Islamic science. Fudayl, who was an Arab, spent his life in three regions: Khorasan, Kufa, and Mecca. Names such as Abu Hanifa, Mansur bin Mu'temir.."
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts Archived 2006-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hazrat Ali bin Usman Al-Hujwiri (2001). The Kashf Al-Mahjub:A Persian Treatise on Sufism. Justice Karam Shah. Zia-ul-Quran Publications Lahore Pakistan.