| Sydney skate | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Superorder: | Batoidea |
| Order: | Rajiformes |
| Family: | Rajidae |
| Genus: | Dentiraja |
| Species: | D. australis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Dentiraja australis (Macleay, 1884)
| |
| Synonyms [2] | |
|
Raia australis, Macleay, 1884 | |
The Sydney skate (Dentiraja australis) is a species of skate of the family Rajidae native to waters off the east coast of Australia. [3] [4]
Taxonomy
Scottish-Australian naturalist William John Macleay described the species as Raja australis in 1884, from specimens collected from a trawl off the south head of Botany Bay. He was excited by the find of a skate species in Sydney waters and wondered about its potential as a food item. He observed, "As an article of food, skate has never been much in favour here, in fact, except in French cafés and places of that kind." [5] It was placed in the genus Dipturus in 2002, with other members of the then subgenus Dentiraja before the group was raised to genus level as a whole in 2016, when it gained its current binomial name Dentiraja australis. [6]
As well as Sydney skate, the species is also known as common skate, Pommy skate, or simply skate. [4]
Description
Generally between 43 and 48 centimetres (17 and 19 in) long, the Sydney skate can reach 55 centimetres (22 in) in length. [3] The upperparts are brown, with lighter color on the snout and pectoral fins, while the underparts are white. [5]
Distribution and habitat
The Sydney skate is found on the continental shelf off the east coast of Australia, at depths of 20 to 325 metres (66 to 1,066 ft). [3]
Once one of the most abundant skate species the continental shelf off Eastern Australia, the Sydney skate has drastically declined in numbers. [7] Skate species declined in trawl catches off the New South Wales central and south coast by 83% between 1976/1977 and 1996/1997. [8]
It is one of four species identified as threatened with extinction by trawling in a 2021 report. [9]
References
- ^ "c". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
- ^ Australian Biological Resources Study (28 June 2018). "Species Dentiraja australis (Macleay, 1884)". Australian Faunal Directory. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Dentiraja australis" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
- ^ a b Bray, Dianne J. (2020). "Sydney skate, Dentiraja australis Macleay, 1884". Fishes of Australia. Museum Victoria. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ a b Macleay, William John (1884). "Some results of trawl fishing outside Port Jackson". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 8 (4): 457–462 [461–462].
- ^ Last, P.R.; Weigmann, S.; Yang, L. 2016. Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Special Publication. pp. 11-34
- ^ Reis, Marcelo; Figueira, Will F. (2020). "Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia". Zoologia. 37: 1–12. doi: 10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318.
- ^ Graham, K. J.; Andrew, N. L.; Hodgson, K. E. (2001). "Changes in relative abundance of sharks and rays on Australian South East Fishery trawl grounds after twenty years of fishing". Marine and Freshwater Research. 52 (4): 549. doi: 10.1071/MF99174.
- ^ Readfearn, Graham (15 March 2021). "Threatened Australian shark and skates at 'extreme risk' of being wiped out". Guardian Online. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
| Sydney skate | |
|---|---|
|
| |
|
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Superorder: | Batoidea |
| Order: | Rajiformes |
| Family: | Rajidae |
| Genus: | Dentiraja |
| Species: | D. australis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Dentiraja australis (Macleay, 1884)
| |
| Synonyms [2] | |
|
Raia australis, Macleay, 1884 | |
The Sydney skate (Dentiraja australis) is a species of skate of the family Rajidae native to waters off the east coast of Australia. [3] [4]
Taxonomy
Scottish-Australian naturalist William John Macleay described the species as Raja australis in 1884, from specimens collected from a trawl off the south head of Botany Bay. He was excited by the find of a skate species in Sydney waters and wondered about its potential as a food item. He observed, "As an article of food, skate has never been much in favour here, in fact, except in French cafés and places of that kind." [5] It was placed in the genus Dipturus in 2002, with other members of the then subgenus Dentiraja before the group was raised to genus level as a whole in 2016, when it gained its current binomial name Dentiraja australis. [6]
As well as Sydney skate, the species is also known as common skate, Pommy skate, or simply skate. [4]
Description
Generally between 43 and 48 centimetres (17 and 19 in) long, the Sydney skate can reach 55 centimetres (22 in) in length. [3] The upperparts are brown, with lighter color on the snout and pectoral fins, while the underparts are white. [5]
Distribution and habitat
The Sydney skate is found on the continental shelf off the east coast of Australia, at depths of 20 to 325 metres (66 to 1,066 ft). [3]
Once one of the most abundant skate species the continental shelf off Eastern Australia, the Sydney skate has drastically declined in numbers. [7] Skate species declined in trawl catches off the New South Wales central and south coast by 83% between 1976/1977 and 1996/1997. [8]
It is one of four species identified as threatened with extinction by trawling in a 2021 report. [9]
References
- ^ "c". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
- ^ Australian Biological Resources Study (28 June 2018). "Species Dentiraja australis (Macleay, 1884)". Australian Faunal Directory. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Dentiraja australis" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
- ^ a b Bray, Dianne J. (2020). "Sydney skate, Dentiraja australis Macleay, 1884". Fishes of Australia. Museum Victoria. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ a b Macleay, William John (1884). "Some results of trawl fishing outside Port Jackson". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 8 (4): 457–462 [461–462].
- ^ Last, P.R.; Weigmann, S.; Yang, L. 2016. Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). Rays of the World: Supplementary Information. CSIRO Special Publication. pp. 11-34
- ^ Reis, Marcelo; Figueira, Will F. (2020). "Age, growth and reproductive biology of two endemic demersal bycatch elasmobranchs: Trygonorrhina fasciata and Dentiraja australis (Chondrichthyes: Rhinopristiformes, Rajiformes) from Eastern Australia". Zoologia. 37: 1–12. doi: 10.3897/zoologia.37.e49318.
- ^ Graham, K. J.; Andrew, N. L.; Hodgson, K. E. (2001). "Changes in relative abundance of sharks and rays on Australian South East Fishery trawl grounds after twenty years of fishing". Marine and Freshwater Research. 52 (4): 549. doi: 10.1071/MF99174.
- ^ Readfearn, Graham (15 March 2021). "Threatened Australian shark and skates at 'extreme risk' of being wiped out". Guardian Online. Retrieved 17 March 2021.