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Static fatigue describes how prolonged and constant cyclic stress weakens a material until it breaks apart, which is called failure. [1] Static fatigue is sometimes called "delayed fracture". [2] The damage occurs at a lower stress level than the stress level needed to create a normal tensile fracture. [2] Static fatigue can involve plastic deformation [3] or crack growth. [4] [5] For example, repeated stress can create small cracks that grow and eventually break apart plastic, [6] glass, [7] or ceramic [8] materials. The material reaches failure faster by increasing cyclic stress. Static fatigue varies with material type and environmental factors, such as moisture presence [9] and temperature. [10] [11]
Static fatigue tests can estimate a material’s lifetime [12] and hardness to different environments. [13] However, measuring a static fatigue limit can take a long time, and it is hard to measure a material’s true static fatigue limit with full certainty. [12]
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) happens when a stressed material is in a corrosive (chemically destructive) environment. [14] One example of SSC embrittlement is when moisture increases static fatigue effects in glass. [15] SCC is also seen in hydrogen embrittlement, [16] [17] embrittlement of some polymers, [18] and more.
Plastic deformation happens when stresses flatten, bend, or twist a material until it cannot return to its original shape. [19] This can create cracks in the material and decrease its lifetime. [3]
Plastic pipes under water or other fluids experience hydrodynamic forces that can result in fatigue. [20] The pipes reach failure sooner as temperatures and exposure to aggressive substances increase. [20] For static fatigue tests, rotating machines apply weight on the material under study causing it to bend in different directions, which weakens the material overtime. [21]
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Static fatigue describes how prolonged and constant cyclic stress weakens a material until it breaks apart, which is called failure. [1] Static fatigue is sometimes called "delayed fracture". [2] The damage occurs at a lower stress level than the stress level needed to create a normal tensile fracture. [2] Static fatigue can involve plastic deformation [3] or crack growth. [4] [5] For example, repeated stress can create small cracks that grow and eventually break apart plastic, [6] glass, [7] or ceramic [8] materials. The material reaches failure faster by increasing cyclic stress. Static fatigue varies with material type and environmental factors, such as moisture presence [9] and temperature. [10] [11]
Static fatigue tests can estimate a material’s lifetime [12] and hardness to different environments. [13] However, measuring a static fatigue limit can take a long time, and it is hard to measure a material’s true static fatigue limit with full certainty. [12]
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) happens when a stressed material is in a corrosive (chemically destructive) environment. [14] One example of SSC embrittlement is when moisture increases static fatigue effects in glass. [15] SCC is also seen in hydrogen embrittlement, [16] [17] embrittlement of some polymers, [18] and more.
Plastic deformation happens when stresses flatten, bend, or twist a material until it cannot return to its original shape. [19] This can create cracks in the material and decrease its lifetime. [3]
Plastic pipes under water or other fluids experience hydrodynamic forces that can result in fatigue. [20] The pipes reach failure sooner as temperatures and exposure to aggressive substances increase. [20] For static fatigue tests, rotating machines apply weight on the material under study causing it to bend in different directions, which weakens the material overtime. [21]