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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Xavier Arakkal
| image =
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
| term_start1 = 1996
| term_end1 = 1997
| predecessor1 = [[K. V. Thomas]]
| successor1 = [[Sebastian Paul]]
| term_start2 = 1980
| term_end2 = 1984
| constituency2 = [[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
| predecessor2 = [[Henry Austin (Indian politician)|Henry Austin]]
| successor2 = [[K. V. Thomas]]
| office3 = Member of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1977
| term_end3 = 1979
| predecessor3 = [[K. T. George]]
| successor3 = [[A. C. Jose]]
| constituency3 = [[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]]
| spouse = Lereice
| children = 2
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1935|4|16}}
| birth_place = [[Kingdom of Cochin]], British India
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1997|2|9|1935|4|16}}
| death_place = [[Kerala]], India
}}
'''Xavier Arakkal''' was an Indian politician from [[Kerala]]. He represented [[Paravur Assembly constituency]] in 5th [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]. After that he was twice elected to the [[Parliament of India|Indian parliament]] ([[Lok Sabha]]), first in 1980 and then in 1996.
==Biography==
Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=സേവ്യർ അറയ്ക്കലിന്റെ വേർപാടിന് കാൽനൂറ്റാണ്ട് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/xavier-arakkal/1000320 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> He studied at [[St. Albert's College]], Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara|Thevara Secred Hearts College]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He then studied in the [[United States]] with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the [[University of Chicago]], a master's degree from [[Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University]] and a law degree from the [[University of London]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf|title=Legislators of Kerala |page=268}}</ref>
After return, Xavier worked as government pleader in [[Kerala High Court]] during 1974–77.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> He held several other positions including convenor of National Forum of Lawyers and Legal Aid and chairman of Kerala Weightlifting Association.<ref name="niyamasabha"/>
===Personal life and death===
While in England, he met and married Jamaican woman Lereice. They have two daughters.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> He died on February 9, 1997, of kidney failure.
==Political career==
Winning the [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], Xavier Arakkal represented [[Paravur Assembly constituency]] in 5th [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> After that he was elected to the Indian parliament (Lok Sabha) in 1980 in Congress ticket.<ref name="Sudhi">{{Cite news |last=Sudhi |first=K. S. |date=2014-04-10 |title=Ernakulam, the ground for political somersaults |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/ernakulam-the-ground-for-political-somersaults/article5895370.ece |access-date=2022-05-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In the 1984 elections after the martyrdom of [[Indira Gandhi]], on the instructions of the then Kerala Chief Minister [[K. Karunakaran]], Xavier Arakkal was dropped and [[K. V. Thomas]], a lecturer at Thevara College, was nominated.<ref name="rasheed">{{Cite web |last=rasheed |title=എറണാകുളം ഇത്തവണ എങ്ങോട്ട് ചായും? |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/magazine/entertainment-column/mandalakalam-constituency-analysis-by-nissam-syed-eranakulam-pom3t6 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref><ref name="Sudhi"/> [[Rajiv Gandhi]] directly called back Xavier, who was about to contest as a rebel candidate.<ref name="rasheed"/>
In 1995 Xavier left Congress and became a follower of left wing politics.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> In 1996 he was again elected to the Lok Sabha as an independent candidate with the support from [[Left Democratic Front]].<ref name="Sudhi"/> He died in 1997, before completing his term as an MP.<ref name="Sudhi"/>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Xavier, Arakkal}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Xavier Arakkal
| image =
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
| term_start1 = 1996
| term_end1 = 1997
| predecessor1 = [[K. V. Thomas]]
| successor1 = [[Sebastian Paul]]
| term_start2 = 1980
| term_end2 = 1984
| constituency2 = [[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
| predecessor2 = [[Henry Austin (Indian politician)|Henry Austin]]
| successor2 = [[K. V. Thomas]]
| office3 = Member of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1977
| term_end3 = 1979
| predecessor3 = [[K. T. George]]
| successor3 = [[A. C. Jose]]
| constituency3 = [[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]]
| spouse = Lereice
| children = 2
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1935|4|16}}
| birth_place = [[Kingdom of Cochin]], British India
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1997|2|9|1935|4|16}}
| death_place = [[Kerala]], India
}}
'''Xavier Arakkal''' was an Indian politician from [[Kerala]]. He represented [[Paravur Assembly constituency]] in 5th [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]. After that he was twice elected to the [[Parliament of India|Indian parliament]] ([[Lok Sabha]]), first in 1980 and then in 1996.
==Biography==
Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=സേവ്യർ അറയ്ക്കലിന്റെ വേർപാടിന് കാൽനൂറ്റാണ്ട് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/xavier-arakkal/1000320 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> He studied at [[St. Albert's College]], Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara|Thevara Sacred Hearts College]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He then studied in the [[United States]] with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the [[University of Chicago]], a master's degree from [[Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University]] and a law degree from the [[University of London]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf|title=Legislators of Kerala |page=268}}</ref>
After return, Xavier worked as government pleader in [[Kerala High Court]] during 1974–77.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> He held several other positions including convenor of National Forum of Lawyers and Legal Aid and chairman of Kerala Weightlifting Association.<ref name="niyamasabha"/>
===Personal life and death===
While in England, he met and married Jamaican woman Lereice. They have two daughters.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> He died on February 9, 1997, of kidney failure.
==Political career==
Winning the [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], Xavier Arakkal represented [[Paravur Assembly constituency]] in 5th [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> After that he was elected to the Indian parliament (Lok Sabha) in 1980 in Congress ticket.<ref name="Sudhi">{{Cite news |last=Sudhi |first=K. S. |date=2014-04-10 |title=Ernakulam, the ground for political somersaults |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/ernakulam-the-ground-for-political-somersaults/article5895370.ece |access-date=2022-05-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In the 1984 elections after the martyrdom of [[Indira Gandhi]], on the instructions of the then Kerala Chief Minister [[K. Karunakaran]], Xavier Arakkal was dropped and [[K. V. Thomas]], a lecturer at Thevara College, was nominated.<ref name="rasheed">{{Cite web |last=rasheed |title=എറണാകുളം ഇത്തവണ എങ്ങോട്ട് ചായും? |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/magazine/entertainment-column/mandalakalam-constituency-analysis-by-nissam-syed-eranakulam-pom3t6 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref><ref name="Sudhi"/> [[Rajiv Gandhi]] directly called back Xavier, who was about to contest as a rebel candidate.<ref name="rasheed"/>
In 1995 Xavier left Congress and became a follower of left wing politics.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> In 1996 he was again elected to the Lok Sabha as an independent candidate with the support from [[Left Democratic Front]].<ref name="Sudhi"/> He died in 1997, before completing his term as an MP.<ref name="Sudhi"/>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Xavier, Arakkal}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@
| predecessor3 = [[K. T. George]]
| successor3 = [[A. C. Jose]]
-| constituency3 = [[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]]
+| constituency3 = [[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]]
| spouse = Lereice
| children = 2
@@ -33,5 +33,5 @@
==Biography==
-Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=സേവ്യർ അറയ്ക്കലിന്റെ വേർപാടിന് കാൽനൂറ്റാണ്ട് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/xavier-arakkal/1000320 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> He studied at [[St. Albert's College]], Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara|Thevara Secred Hearts College]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He then studied in the [[United States]] with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the [[University of Chicago]], a master's degree from [[Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University]] and a law degree from the [[University of London]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf|title=Legislators of Kerala |page=268}}</ref>
+Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=സേവ്യർ അറയ്ക്കലിന്റെ വേർപാടിന് കാൽനൂറ്റാണ്ട് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/xavier-arakkal/1000320 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> He studied at [[St. Albert's College]], Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara|Thevara Sacred Hearts College]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He then studied in the [[United States]] with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the [[University of Chicago]], a master's degree from [[Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University]] and a law degree from the [[University of London]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf|title=Legislators of Kerala |page=268}}</ref>
After return, Xavier worked as government pleader in [[Kerala High Court]] during 1974–77.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> He held several other positions including convenor of National Forum of Lawyers and Legal Aid and chairman of Kerala Weightlifting Association.<ref name="niyamasabha"/>
' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit, pre-save transformed (edit_diff_pst) | '@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@
| predecessor3 = [[K. T. George]]
| successor3 = [[A. C. Jose]]
-| constituency3 = [[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]]
+| constituency3 = [[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]]
| spouse = Lereice
| children = 2
@@ -33,5 +33,5 @@
==Biography==
-Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=സേവ്യർ അറയ്ക്കലിന്റെ വേർപാടിന് കാൽനൂറ്റാണ്ട് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/xavier-arakkal/1000320 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> He studied at [[St. Albert's College]], Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara|Thevara Secred Hearts College]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He then studied in the [[United States]] with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the [[University of Chicago]], a master's degree from [[Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University]] and a law degree from the [[University of London]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf|title=Legislators of Kerala |page=268}}</ref>
+Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=സേവ്യർ അറയ്ക്കലിന്റെ വേർപാടിന് കാൽനൂറ്റാണ്ട് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/xavier-arakkal/1000320 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> He studied at [[St. Albert's College]], Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara|Thevara Sacred Hearts College]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He then studied in the [[United States]] with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the [[University of Chicago]], a master's degree from [[Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University]] and a law degree from the [[University of London]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf|title=Legislators of Kerala |page=268}}</ref>
After return, Xavier worked as government pleader in [[Kerala High Court]] during 1974–77.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> He held several other positions including convenor of National Forum of Lawyers and Legal Aid and chairman of Kerala Weightlifting Association.<ref name="niyamasabha"/>
' |
New page size (new_size) | 5170 |
Old page size (old_size) | 5171 |
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0 => '| constituency3 = [[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]]',
1 => 'Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=സേവ്യർ അറയ്ക്കലിന്റെ വേർപാടിന് കാൽനൂറ്റാണ്ട് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/xavier-arakkal/1000320 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> He studied at [[St. Albert's College]], Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara|Thevara Sacred Hearts College]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He then studied in the [[United States]] with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the [[University of Chicago]], a master's degree from [[Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University]] and a law degree from the [[University of London]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf|title=Legislators of Kerala |page=268}}</ref>'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '| constituency3 = [[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]]',
1 => 'Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=സേവ്യർ അറയ്ക്കലിന്റെ വേർപാടിന് കാൽനൂറ്റാണ്ട് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/xavier-arakkal/1000320 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> He studied at [[St. Albert's College]], Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara|Thevara Secred Hearts College]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He then studied in the [[United States]] with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the [[University of Chicago]], a master's degree from [[Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University]] and a law degree from the [[University of London]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf|title=Legislators of Kerala |page=268}}</ref>'
] |
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1 => 'Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=സേവ്യർ അറയ്ക്കലിന്റെ വേർപാടിന് കാൽനൂറ്റാണ്ട് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/xavier-arakkal/1000320 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> He studied at [[St. Albert's College]], Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara|Thevara Sacred Hearts College]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He then studied in the [[United States]] with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the [[University of Chicago]], a master's degree from [[Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University]] and a law degree from the [[University of London]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf|title=Legislators of Kerala |page=268}}</ref>'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
New page text, stripped of any markup (new_text) | 'Indian politician
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Personal detailsBorn(1935-04-16)16 April 1935Kingdom of Cochin, British IndiaDied9 February 1997(1997-02-09) (aged 61)Kerala, IndiaSpouseLereiceChildren2
Xavier Arakkal was an Indian politician from Kerala. He represented Paravur Assembly constituency in 5th Kerala Legislative Assembly. After that he was twice elected to the Indian parliament (Lok Sabha), first in 1980 and then in 1996.
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Personal life and death
2 Political career
3 References
Biography[edit]
Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.[1] He studied at St. Albert's College, Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and Thevara Sacred Hearts College.[1] He then studied in the United States with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.[1] He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the University of Chicago, a master's degree from Loyola University and a law degree from the University of London.[1] Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.[2]
After return, Xavier worked as government pleader in Kerala High Court during 1974–77.[2] He held several other positions including convenor of National Forum of Lawyers and Legal Aid and chairman of Kerala Weightlifting Association.[2]
Personal life and death[edit]
While in England, he met and married Jamaican woman Lereice. They have two daughters.[2] He died on February 9, 1997, of kidney failure.
Political career[edit]
Winning the 1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Xavier Arakkal represented Paravur Assembly constituency in 5th Kerala Legislative Assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate.[2] After that he was elected to the Indian parliament (Lok Sabha) in 1980 in Congress ticket.[3] In the 1984 elections after the martyrdom of Indira Gandhi, on the instructions of the then Kerala Chief Minister K. Karunakaran, Xavier Arakkal was dropped and K. V. Thomas, a lecturer at Thevara College, was nominated.[4][3] Rajiv Gandhi directly called back Xavier, who was about to contest as a rebel candidate.[4]
In 1995 Xavier left Congress and became a follower of left wing politics.[1] In 1996 he was again elected to the Lok Sabha as an independent candidate with the support from Left Democratic Front.[3] He died in 1997, before completing his term as an MP.[3]
References[edit]
.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
^ a b c d e .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}"സേവ്യർ അറയ്ക്കലിന്റെ വേർപാടിന് കാൽനൂറ്റാണ്ട്". Deshabhimani (in Malayalam). Retrieved 14 May 2022.
^ a b c d e "Legislators of Kerala" (PDF). p. 268.
^ a b c d Sudhi, K. S. (10 April 2014). "Ernakulam, the ground for political somersaults". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
^ a b rasheed. "എറണാകുളം ഇത്തവണ എങ്ങോട്ട് ചായും?". Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd (in Malayalam). Retrieved 14 May 2022.' |
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3 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X',
4 => 'https://www.asianetnews.com/magazine/entertainment-column/mandalakalam-constituency-analysis-by-nissam-syed-eranakulam-pom3t6'
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4 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X'
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New page wikitext, pre-save transformed (new_pst) | '{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Xavier Arakkal
| image =
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
| term_start1 = 1996
| term_end1 = 1997
| predecessor1 = [[K. V. Thomas]]
| successor1 = [[Sebastian Paul]]
| term_start2 = 1980
| term_end2 = 1984
| constituency2 = [[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]]
| predecessor2 = [[Henry Austin (Indian politician)|Henry Austin]]
| successor2 = [[K. V. Thomas]]
| office3 = Member of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1977
| term_end3 = 1979
| predecessor3 = [[K. T. George]]
| successor3 = [[A. C. Jose]]
| constituency3 = [[Paravur Assembly constituency|Paravur]]
| spouse = Lereice
| children = 2
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1935|4|16}}
| birth_place = [[Kingdom of Cochin]], British India
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1997|2|9|1935|4|16}}
| death_place = [[Kerala]], India
}}
'''Xavier Arakkal''' was an Indian politician from [[Kerala]]. He represented [[Paravur Assembly constituency]] in 5th [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]. After that he was twice elected to the [[Parliament of India|Indian parliament]] ([[Lok Sabha]]), first in 1980 and then in 1996.
==Biography==
Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=സേവ്യർ അറയ്ക്കലിന്റെ വേർപാടിന് കാൽനൂറ്റാണ്ട് |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/xavier-arakkal/1000320 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Deshabhimani |language=ml}}</ref> He studied at [[St. Albert's College]], Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara|Thevara Sacred Hearts College]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He then studied in the [[United States]] with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the [[University of Chicago]], a master's degree from [[Loyola University Chicago|Loyola University]] and a law degree from the [[University of London]].<ref name="deshabhimani"/> Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf|title=Legislators of Kerala |page=268}}</ref>
After return, Xavier worked as government pleader in [[Kerala High Court]] during 1974–77.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> He held several other positions including convenor of National Forum of Lawyers and Legal Aid and chairman of Kerala Weightlifting Association.<ref name="niyamasabha"/>
===Personal life and death===
While in England, he met and married Jamaican woman Lereice. They have two daughters.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> He died on February 9, 1997, of kidney failure.
==Political career==
Winning the [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], Xavier Arakkal represented [[Paravur Assembly constituency]] in 5th [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> After that he was elected to the Indian parliament (Lok Sabha) in 1980 in Congress ticket.<ref name="Sudhi">{{Cite news |last=Sudhi |first=K. S. |date=2014-04-10 |title=Ernakulam, the ground for political somersaults |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/ernakulam-the-ground-for-political-somersaults/article5895370.ece |access-date=2022-05-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In the 1984 elections after the martyrdom of [[Indira Gandhi]], on the instructions of the then Kerala Chief Minister [[K. Karunakaran]], Xavier Arakkal was dropped and [[K. V. Thomas]], a lecturer at Thevara College, was nominated.<ref name="rasheed">{{Cite web |last=rasheed |title=എറണാകുളം ഇത്തവണ എങ്ങോട്ട് ചായും? |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/magazine/entertainment-column/mandalakalam-constituency-analysis-by-nissam-syed-eranakulam-pom3t6 |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref><ref name="Sudhi"/> [[Rajiv Gandhi]] directly called back Xavier, who was about to contest as a rebel candidate.<ref name="rasheed"/>
In 1995 Xavier left Congress and became a follower of left wing politics.<ref name="deshabhimani"/> In 1996 he was again elected to the Lok Sabha as an independent candidate with the support from [[Left Democratic Front]].<ref name="Sudhi"/> He died in 1997, before completing his term as an MP.<ref name="Sudhi"/>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Xavier, Arakkal}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]' |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian politician</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1229112069">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Xavier Arakkal</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1229112069"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1996–1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1229112069"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=K._V._Thomas" title="K. V. Thomas">K. V. Thomas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=Sebastian_Paul" title="Sebastian Paul">Sebastian Paul</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=Ernakulam_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)">Ernakulam</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1229112069"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1980–1984</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1229112069"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=Henry_Austin_(Indian_politician)" title="Henry Austin (Indian politician)">Henry Austin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=K._V._Thomas" title="K. V. Thomas">K. V. Thomas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=Ernakulam_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)">Ernakulam</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1229112069"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/info/en/?search=Kerala_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kerala Legislative Assembly">Kerala Legislative Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1977–1979</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1229112069"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=K._T._George" title="K. T. George">K. T. George</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=A._C._Jose" title="A. C. Jose">A. C. Jose</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=Paravur_Assembly_constituency" title="Paravur Assembly constituency">Paravur</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1935-04-16</span>)</span>16 April 1935<br /><a href="/info/en/?search=Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Kingdom of Cochin</a>, British India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 February 1997<span style="display:none">(1997-02-09)</span> (aged 61)<br /><a href="/info/en/?search=Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Lereice</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Xavier Arakkal</b> was an Indian politician from <a href="/info/en/?search=Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. He represented <a href="/info/en/?search=Paravur_Assembly_constituency" title="Paravur Assembly constituency">Paravur Assembly constituency</a> in 5th <a href="/info/en/?search=Kerala_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kerala Legislative Assembly">Kerala Legislative Assembly</a>. After that he was twice elected to the <a href="/info/en/?search=Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Indian parliament</a> (<a href="/info/en/?search=Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>), first in 1980 and then in 1996.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Personal_life_and_death"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life and death</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Political_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Political career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Xavier_Arakkal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Xavier Arakkal was born on April 16, 1935, the youngest of Manjummal Arakkal Varghese's six children.<sup id="cite_ref-deshabhimani_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deshabhimani-1">[1]</a></sup> He studied at <a href="/info/en/?search=St._Albert%27s_College" title="St. Albert's College">St. Albert's College</a>, Ernakulam, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur and <a href="/info/en/?search=Sacred_Heart_College,_Thevara" title="Sacred Heart College, Thevara">Thevara Sacred Hearts College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-deshabhimani_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deshabhimani-1">[1]</a></sup> He then studied in the <a href="/info/en/?search=United_States" title="United States">United States</a> with the help of Archbishop Joseph Attipetti of Verapuzha.<sup id="cite_ref-deshabhimani_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deshabhimani-1">[1]</a></sup> He also held a Master of Science in International Relations degree from the <a href="/info/en/?search=University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, a master's degree from <a href="/info/en/?search=Loyola_University_Chicago" title="Loyola University Chicago">Loyola University</a> and a law degree from the <a href="/info/en/?search=University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-deshabhimani_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deshabhimani-1">[1]</a></sup> Xavier stayed in the US and UK till 1970 and returned to India.<sup id="cite_ref-niyamasabha_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niyamasabha-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p><p>After return, Xavier worked as government pleader in <a href="/info/en/?search=Kerala_High_Court" title="Kerala High Court">Kerala High Court</a> during 1974–77.<sup id="cite_ref-niyamasabha_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niyamasabha-2">[2]</a></sup> He held several other positions including convenor of National Forum of Lawyers and Legal Aid and chairman of Kerala Weightlifting Association.<sup id="cite_ref-niyamasabha_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niyamasabha-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Xavier_Arakkal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>While in England, he met and married Jamaican woman Lereice. They have two daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-niyamasabha_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niyamasabha-2">[2]</a></sup> He died on February 9, 1997, of kidney failure.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Xavier_Arakkal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Winning the <a href="/info/en/?search=1977_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election">1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election</a>, Xavier Arakkal represented <a href="/info/en/?search=Paravur_Assembly_constituency" title="Paravur Assembly constituency">Paravur Assembly constituency</a> in 5th <a href="/info/en/?search=Kerala_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kerala Legislative Assembly">Kerala Legislative Assembly</a> as an <a href="/info/en/?search=Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-niyamasabha_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niyamasabha-2">[2]</a></sup> After that he was elected to the Indian parliament (Lok Sabha) in 1980 in Congress ticket.<sup id="cite_ref-Sudhi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sudhi-3">[3]</a></sup> In the 1984 elections after the martyrdom of <a href="/info/en/?search=Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>, on the instructions of the then Kerala Chief Minister <a href="/info/en/?search=K._Karunakaran" title="K. Karunakaran">K. Karunakaran</a>, Xavier Arakkal was dropped and <a href="/info/en/?search=K._V._Thomas" title="K. V. Thomas">K. V. Thomas</a>, a lecturer at Thevara College, was nominated.<sup id="cite_ref-rasheed_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rasheed-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sudhi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sudhi-3">[3]</a></sup> <a href="/info/en/?search=Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> directly called back Xavier, who was about to contest as a rebel candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-rasheed_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rasheed-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1995 Xavier left Congress and became a follower of left wing politics.<sup id="cite_ref-deshabhimani_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deshabhimani-1">[1]</a></sup> In 1996 he was again elected to the Lok Sabha as an independent candidate with the support from <a href="/info/en/?search=Left_Democratic_Front" title="Left Democratic Front">Left Democratic Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sudhi_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sudhi-3">[3]</a></sup> He died in 1997, before completing his term as an MP.<sup id="cite_ref-Sudhi_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sudhi-3">[3]</a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Xavier_Arakkal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
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<li id="cite_note-niyamasabha-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-niyamasabha_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-niyamasabha_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-niyamasabha_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-niyamasabha_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-niyamasabha_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf">"Legislators of Kerala"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 268.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legislators+of+Kerala&rft.pages=268&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niyamasabha.org%2Fcodes%2Flegislatorsupto2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Arakkal" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Sudhi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sudhi_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sudhi_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sudhi_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sudhi_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSudhi2014" class="citation news cs1">Sudhi, K. S. (10 April 2014). <a class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/ernakulam-the-ground-for-political-somersaults/article5895370.ece">"Ernakulam, the ground for political somersaults"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Ernakulam%2C+the+ground+for+political+somersaults&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Sudhi&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FKochi%2Fernakulam-the-ground-for-political-somersaults%2Farticle5895370.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Arakkal" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-rasheed-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rasheed_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rasheed_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFrasheed" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">rasheed. <a class="external text" href="https://www.asianetnews.com/magazine/entertainment-column/mandalakalam-constituency-analysis-by-nissam-syed-eranakulam-pom3t6">"എറണാകുളം ഇത്തവണ എങ്ങോട്ട് ചായും?"</a>. <i>Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd</i> (in Malayalam)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asianet+News+Network+Pvt+Ltd&rft.atitle=%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82+%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A3+%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%3F&rft.au=rasheed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianetnews.com%2Fmagazine%2Fentertainment-column%2Fmandalakalam-constituency-analysis-by-nissam-syed-eranakulam-pom3t6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Arakkal" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1722240728' |
Database name of the wiki (wiki_name) | 'enwiki' |
Language code of the wiki (wiki_language) | 'en' |