'{{Short description|Ethnic group}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Koreans in Indonesia<br />{{lang|ko|재인도네시아 한인}}<br />{{small|Orang Korea di Indonesia}} | flag = {{flagicon|South Korea}} {{flagicon|Indonesia}} | population = 107,829 (2021)<ref name="MOFAT"/> | regions = [[Jakarta]], [[Tangerang]], [[Yogyakarta]], [[Surabaya]], [[Bandung]], [[Denpasar]], [[Batam]], [[Medan]], [[Kendari]] | region1 = [[Jakarta]] and surroundings | pop1 = 55,824 | ref1 = <ref name="MOFAT"/> | region2 = [[Surabaya]] and surroundings | pop2 = 7,710 | ref2 = <ref name="MOFAT"/> | region3 = Elsewhere in [[Java]] | pop3 = 6,872 | ref3 = <ref name="MOFAT"/> | region4 = [[Bali]], [[Lombok]], [[Sulawesi]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]] | pop4 = 6,520 | ref4 = <ref name="MOFAT"/> | region5 = [[Sumatra]], [[Kalimantan]] | pop5 = 1,750 | ref5 = <ref name="MOFAT"/> | langs = [[Korean language|Korean]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[English language|English]] | rels = [[Christianity]], [[Buddhism]];<ref name="Religion"/> | related-c = [[Korean diaspora]] | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = KOCIS Korean Cultural Center in Indonesia (5953572002).jpg | caption = Opening ceremony held by the National Gugak Center at the Korean Cultural Center in Jakarta, Indonesia on July 2011 }} {{Infobox transliteration | title = Koreans in Indonesia | hangul = 재인도네시아 한인 | hanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|在}}인도네시아 {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|韓|人}} | rr = Jae-Indonesia Hanin | mr = Chae-Indonesia Hanin | lang1 = [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] | lang1_content = Orang Korea di Indonesia | ibox-order = ko1, ko4, ko3 }} '''Koreans in Indonesia''' numbered 78,676 individuals {{as of|2018|lc=on}}, making them the 13th-largest population of [[Korean diaspora|overseas Koreans]], according to [[South Korea]]'s [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]. The number has increased significantly from the previous record, which was around 50,000 people.<ref name="MOFAT">{{citation|chapter-url=http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1682|script-chapter=ko:총괄|script-title=ko:재외동포현황 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade|date=2013-09-30|access-date=2015-04-30|page=17}} and {{citation|chapter-url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/webmodule/common/download.jsp?boardid=232&tablename=TYPE_DATABOARD&seqno=fcefeefd6f8e05d012031027&fileseq=00b03707a059027fc7069fbf |script-chapter=ko:남아시아태평양|script-title=ko:재외동포현황 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|date=2013-09-30|access-date=2015-04-30|page=100}}</ref><ref name="Dongpo">{{cite news|url=http://www.dongponews.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=7979|publisher=Jae'oe Dongpo Sinmun|language=ko-kr |script-title=ko:인도네시어의 한인들: 지구촌 리포트 |trans-title=Koreans of Indonesia: Global Village Report|date=2006-04-19|access-date=2007-05-14|last=Han|first=Sang-jae}}</ref> ==Migration history == One of the leading figures of the Indonesian independence movement, [[Komarudin]] (Korean name: Yang Chil-seong; [[Hangul]]: {{lang|ko-Hang|양칠성}}; [[Hanja]]: {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|楊|七|性}}) was an ethnic Korean.<ref>{{citation | author = Jung Hwan-bo (정환보) | script-title=ko:'인도네시아 독립영웅' 그는 조선 청년이었다 | date = 2011-08-15 | url = http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=201108150052215&code=940100 | work=[[Kyunghyang Shinmun]] | access-date = 2011-09-03 | language = ko}}</ref> The Korean presence in [[Indonesia]] goes back several decades. The [[Jakarta International Korean School]] in [[East Jakarta]] opened on 1 February 1975, and as of 2007 enrolled 719 elementary school students, 357 middle school students, and 375 high school students.<ref>{{cite web|trans-title=Overseas Korean Educational Institutions |language=ko-kr |script-title=ko:자카르타한국국제학교 |publisher=National Institute for International Educational Development, Republic of Korea |date=2007 |access-date=2007-05-14 |url=http://www.interedu.go.kr/edu_net/overseas/sch_formal_inform.htm?no=14&page=2&key= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181434/http://www.interedu.go.kr/edu_net/overseas/sch_formal_inform.htm?no=14&page=2&key= |archive-date=2007-09-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is thus the largest Korean day school in [[Southeast Asia]], at more than twice the enrollment of the one in [[Ho Chi Minh City]].<ref name="Dongpo"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interedu.go.kr/edu_net/overseas/sch_formal_inform.htm?no=15&page=3&key= |trans-title=Overseas Korean Educational Institutions |language=ko-kr |script-title=ko:호치민시한국학교 |publisher=National Institute for International Education Development, Republic of Korea |date=2007 |access-date=2007-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181540/http://www.interedu.go.kr/edu_net/overseas/sch_formal_inform.htm?no=15&page=3&key= |archive-date=2007-09-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A [[Koreatown]] began to form in [[South Jakarta]]'s [[Kebayoran Baru]] subdistrict as early as 1982, when Kim Woo-jae opened a shop selling ''[[kimchi]]'' and ''[[doenjang]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/community/korea4.asp |title=More converge around 'Little Korea' in Jakarta |publisher=The Jakarta Post |access-date=2007-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429111624/http://www.thejakartapost.com/community/korea4.asp |archive-date=2007-04-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Between 2011 and 2013, their population increased by 11%. Nearly all (38,401, or 95%) are staying in Indonesia on ordinary residence visas. Other categories have shown rapid growth in recent years but remain small in absolute numbers: those on [[international student]] visas number 664 people (up 137% since 2011), 814 (up 285%) have permanent residence status, and 405 (up 58%) have become [[Indonesian nationality law|Indonesian citizens]]. The [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of the community is unbalanced, with 1.3 men for every woman, similar to the pattern seen in most South Korean migrant communities in [[Southeast Asia]]n countries besides [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]; however, the imbalance has decreased from earlier years.<ref name="MOFAT"/> Unlike [[Japanese migration to Indonesia|Japanese expatriates of earlier years]], most South Korean expatriates come accompanied by their families. ==Business and employment== Most South Korean migrant workers in Indonesia are employees of South Korea [[chaebol|multinational conglomerates]] with investments in Indonesia, or owners of [[small and medium-sized enterprises]]. [[Labour relations]] at South Korean-owned factories were poor in the 1990s, but have improved in recent years.<ref name="JakartaPost">{{citation|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/10/28/indonesia-dream-country-koreans.html|first=Simon|last=Panggabean|title=Indonesia, the dream country of Koreans|work=The Jakarta Post|date=28 October 2009|access-date=2 May 2015}}</ref> ==Distribution== In 2005 there were about 30,000 South Koreans living in Indonesia, with most of them being in the Jakarta area. Of the rest, 1,200 lived in [[Surabaya]], 600 lived in [[Bandung]], 150 lived in [[Bali]], and 550 lived elsewhere.<ref>"[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2005/04/14/businesspeople-backbone-ri039s-korean-community.html Businesspeople: The backbone of RI's Korean community]" ([https://archive.today/20240527112504/https://www.webcitation.org/6aqAf07t1?url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2005/04/14/businesspeople-backbone-ri039s-korean-community.html Archive]). ''[[The Jakarta Post]]''. Thursday April 14, 2005. Retrieved on August 17, 2015.</ref> The main Korean areas in Jakarta proper are [[Cibubur]] in [[East Jakarta]] and [[Kelapa Gading]] and [[Sunter, Jakarta|Sunter]] in [[North Jakarta]]. There are also Korean populations in [[Bogor]], [[Cikarang]] in [[Bekasi Regency]], and [[Tangerang]]. Most of the Bekasi Koreans work in the electronics industry. In Tangerang most Koreans work for manufacturing companies,<ref name=Panggabean>Panggabean, Simon A. "[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/10/28/indonesia-dream-country-koreans.html Indonesia, the dream country of Koreans]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20170118141710/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/10/28/indonesia-dream-country-koreans.html Archive]). ''[[The Jakarta Post]]''. October 28, 2009. Retrieved on August 17, 2015.</ref> In particular those involved in the making of shoes,<ref name="Dongpo"/> and many Korean-owned businesses are in [[Lippo Village]] (Lippo Karawaci).<ref name=Panggabean/> 80% of the commercial buildings in Lippo Village are occupied by ethnic Koreans.<ref>{{cite news |title=Koreans made to feel at home in their village in Karawaci |last=Nurbianto |first=Bambang |publisher=[[The Jakarta Post]] |access-date=2007-05-14 |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/community/korea2.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050418174732/http://www.thejakartapost.com/community/korea2.asp |archive-date=2005-04-18 |url-status=dead }} -</ref> Farther away from Jakarta, Korean nationals are also served by two other weekend schools, the [[Surabaya]] [[Hangul]] School (founded 1 January 1989, enrolling 42 students at the kindergarten and elementary levels), and the [[Bandung]] Hangul School (founded 1 March 1992, enrolling 66 students at the kindergarten through middle school levels).<ref>{{cite web|trans-title=Overseas Korean Educational Institutions |language=ko-kr |script-title=ko:수라바야한글학교 |publisher=National Institute for International Educational Development, Republic of Korea |date=2007 |access-date=2007-05-14 |url=http://www.interedu.go.kr/edu_net/overseas/sch_informal_inform.htm?no=784&page=7&key=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930183539/http://www.interedu.go.kr/edu_net/overseas/sch_informal_inform.htm?no=784&page=7&key=2 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|trans-title=Overseas Korean Educational Institutions |language=ko-kr |script-title=ko:반동한글학교 |publisher=National Institute for International Educational Development, Republic of Korea |date=2007 |access-date=2007-05-14 |url=http://www.interedu.go.kr/edu_net/overseas/sch_informal_inform.htm?no=783&page=7&key=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181102/http://www.interedu.go.kr/edu_net/overseas/sch_informal_inform.htm?no=783&page=7&key=2 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Semarang]] is another area mentioned as having a large number of Koreans, though they lack any Korean-language educational facilities there. [[Bali]], a popular destination for Korean tourists, has also begun to attracting some scattered Korean workers.<ref name="Dongpo"/> ==Religion== The directory of the Korean Association in Indonesia listed 14 Korean churches (of various denominations, including [[Presbyterianism]]) and one Buddhist temple of the [[Jogye Order]] in the [[Jabodetabek]] area.<ref name="Religion">{{Cite book|url=http://www.innekorean.or.id/chamber/chamber_directory_list.asp?cat_code=34|script-chapter=ko:학원, 의료, 종교 및 사회복지|trans-chapter=Hagwons, Medical Care, Religion, and Social Welfare|language=ko-kr|script-title=ko:한인기업 디렉토리|trans-title=Korean Business Directory|publisher=Korean Chamber of Commerce/Korean Association in Indonesia|access-date=2009-06-19|archive-date=2011-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721121214/http://www.innekorean.or.id/chamber/chamber_directory_list.asp?cat_code=34|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muslims form a smaller minority of the Korean community. The Indonesian branch of the Korean Muslim Federation opened in 1982; they sponsored 22 [[Islam in South Korea|Muslims from South Korea]] to come to Indonesia as students in 1983 and 1984 to study in [[List of universities in Indonesia|local universities]] and better understand Islam. According to their figures, as of 2005, there were only 50 Korean Muslims in Indonesia, including those who had converted while living there.<ref name="Islam">{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/community/korea3.asp |publisher=The Jakarta Post |title=Dynamic Korea: Muslims, a minority among minorities |access-date=2007-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429112334/http://www.thejakartapost.com/community/korea3.asp |archive-date=2007-04-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Islam2">{{cite news|title=Dr Ali Ann Sun Gun: Kegiatan Dakwah di Korsel Sangat Intens|publisher=Republika Online|language=id|url=http://www.republika.co.id/suplemen/cetak_detail.asp?mid=5&id=273903&kat_id=105&kat_id1=147&kat_id2=269}}</ref> ==See also== *[[Indonesian Chinese]] *[[Indonesians in South Korea]] *[[Japanese migration to Indonesia]] == References == {{reflist|2}} == External links == * [http://www.jiks.com Jakarta International Korean School] * [http://www.inkinet.net InKiNet: Internet Community for Koreans in Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517125546/http://inkinet.net/ |date=2014-05-17 }} {{Korean diaspora}} {{Ethnic groups in Indonesia}} [[Category:Korean diaspora in Asia|Indonesia]] [[Category:South Korean expatriates in Indonesia| ]] [[Category:Immigration to Indonesia]] [[Category:Korean diaspora by country|Indonesia]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Indonesia]] [[Category:Indonesian people of Korean descent| ]] [[Category:Indonesia–South Korea relations]]'