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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{speciesbox
|name = Tennis ball banksia
|image = Banksia laevigata laevigata.JPG
|image_caption = ''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata'' in cultivation at The Banksia Farm
|image2 = Banksia laevigata fuscolutea 6 email.jpg
|image2_caption = Subspecies ''fuscolutea''
|genus = Banksia
|parent = Banksia subg. Banksia
|species = laevigata
|authority = [[Carl Meissner|Meisn.]]<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/107705|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" />
|synonyms =
* ''Banksia laevigata'' <small>Meisn. (1852) nom. inval., [[Nomen nudum|nom. nud.]]</small>
* ''Sirmuellera laevigata'' <small>(Meisn.) [[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small>
}}
[[File:Banksia laevigata subsp. laevigata.jpg|thumb|''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata'' habit]]
'''''Banksia laevigata''''', commonly known as the '''tennis ball banksia''',<ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Banksia laevigata''|id=1824}}</ref> is a species of shrub that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to Western Australia. It has serrated, broadly linear to narrow wedge-shaped leaves, yellow or yellowish green flowers, depending on subspecies, and linear to elliptic [[Follicle (fruit)|follicles]] with a slightly wrinkled surface.
==Description==
''Banksia laevigata'' is a shrub that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|1-3.5|m}} and has roughly flaky, grey bark but does not form a [[lignotuber]]. The leaves are serrated, broadly linear to narrow wedge-shaped, {{cvt|50–140|mm}} long and {{cvt|4–20|mm}} wide on a [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] {{cvt|5–10|mm}} long. Both surface of young leaves are hairy but become [[wikt:glabrous|glabrous]] with age. The flowers are borne in spherical heads {{cvt|70–80|mm}} wide, usually on the ends of short side branches. The flowers are yellow or yellowish green and have a [[perianth]] {{cvt|20–26|mm}} long and a curved [[Gynoecium#Pistils|pistil]] {{cvt|30–32|mm}} long. Flowering occurs from September to December or from January to February and the follicles are linear to elliptical, {{cvt|10–18|mm}} long, {{cvt|3–7|mm}} high and {{cvt|4–7|mm}} wide. Each head contains up to 100 follicles surrounded by the remains of the flowers.<ref name=FloraBase/><ref name="ABRS">{{cite book |last1=George |first1=Alex S. |title=Flora of Australia |volume=17B |date=1999 |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra |location=Canberra |pages=219–221 |url=https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/6d8c5c3b-8545-437e-b9b3-944ac95ee07a/files/flora-australia-17b-proteaceae-3-hakea-dryandra.pdf |access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Nuytsia">{{cite journal |last1=George |first1=Alex S. |title=The genus ''Banksia'' L.f. (Proteaceae) |journal=Nuytsia |date=1981 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=360–362 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223763#page/121/mode/1up |access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
==Taxonomy and naming==
''Banksia laevigata'' was first formally described in 1856 by [[Carl Meissner]] in [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|de Candolle's]] ''[[Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis]]'' from specimens collected by [[James Drummond (botanist)|James Drummond]] in the [[Swan River Colony]].<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/538193|publisher=APNI|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Meisn.">{{cite book |last1=Meissner |first1=Carl |last2=de Candolle |first2=Augustin P. (ed.) |title=Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Vegetabilis |date=1856 |publisher=Sumptibus Victoris Masson |location=Paris |page=458 |url=https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/14922/?offset=#page=468&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q= |access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref> The [[Botanical name|specific epithet]] (''laevigata'') is a Latin word meaning "smooth and polished".<ref name="Stearn">{{cite book |author=William T. Stearn |author-link=William T. Stearn |title=Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary |date=1992 |publisher=Timber Press |location=Portland, Oregon |edition=4th|page=438}}</ref>
In 1891, [[Otto Kuntze]], in his ''[[Revisio Generum Plantarum]]'', rejected the generic name ''Banksia'' [[Carolus Linnaeus the Younger|L.f.]], on the grounds that the name ''Banksia'' had previously been published in 1776 as ''Banksia'' [[Johann Reinhold Forster|J.R.Forst]] & [[Georg Forster|G.Forst]], referring to the genus now known as ''[[Pimelea]]''. Kuntze proposed ''Sirmuellera'' as an alternative, referring to this species as ''Sirmuellera laevigata''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kuntze |first=Otto |authorlink=Otto Kuntze |title=Revisio generum plantarum |volume=2 |publisher=Arthur Felix |location=Leipzig |year=1891 |pages=581–582 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4004}}</ref> This application of the [[principle of priority]] was largely ignored by Kuntze's contemporaries,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rehder |first1=A. |authorlink1=Alfred Rehder |last2=Weatherby |first2=C. A. |authorlink2=Charles Alfred Weatherby |last3=Mansfeld |first3=R. |authorlink3=Rudolf Mansfeld |last4=Green |first4=M. L. |authorlink4=Mary Letitia Green |title=Conservation of Later Generic Homonyms |journal=Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) |year=1935 |volume=1935 |issue=6/9 |page=368 |doi=10.2307/4107078 |jstor=4107078}}</ref> and ''Banksia'' L.f. was [[conserved name|formally conserved]] and ''Sirmuellera'' rejected in 1940.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sprague |first=T. A. |authorlink=Thomas Archibald Sprague |title=Additional Nomina Generica Conservanda (Pteridophyta and Phanerogamae) |journal=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |year=1940 |volume=1940 |issue=3 |doi=10.2307/4111642 |jstor=4111642 |page=99}}</ref>
In 1965, [[Alex George (botanist)|Alex George]] described two subspecies in ''[[The Western Australian Naturalist]]'' and the names are accepted by the [[Australian Plant Census]]:
* ''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''fuscolutea''<ref name=APC1>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''fuscolutea''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/107713|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref> that bright yellow perianth with rusty hairs;<ref name="ABRS" /><ref name="Nuytsia" /><ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''fuscolutea''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/538204|publisher=APNI|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
* ''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata''<ref name=APC2>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/107727|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref> that has a creamy grey perianth with grey hairs.<ref name="ABRS" /><ref name="Nuytsia" /><ref name=APNI2>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/538219 |publisher=APNI|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
==Distribution and habitat==
Subspecies ''fuscolutea'' is more widespread than the [[Autonym (botany)|autonym]] and grows in shrubland between Lake Barker, [[Hyden, Western Australia|Hyden]] and Mount Day near [[Norseman, Western Australia|Norseman]]. Subspecies ''laevigata'' is found in the [[Ravensthorpe, Western Australia|Ravensthorpe Range]] and along the [[Fitzgerald River]] where it grows in woodland and shrubland.<ref name="ABRS" />
==Conservation status==
Subspecies ''fuscolutea'' is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]],<ref name=FloraBase1>{{FloraBase|name=''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''fuscolutea''|id=11777}}</ref> but subsp. ''laevigata'' is classified as "[[Declared Rare and Priority Flora List|Priority Four]]" is classified as "[[Declared Rare and Priority Flora List|Priority Four]]" by the Government of Western Australia [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]],<ref name=FloraBase2>{{FloraBase|name='''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata''|id=12033}}</ref> meaning that is rare or near threatened.<ref name=codes>{{cite web|title=Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna|url=https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/threatened-species/Listings/Conservation%20code%20definitions.pdf|publisher=Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
==Use in horticulture==
Seeds do not require any treatment, and take 39 to 92 days to [[germinate]].<ref name="Sweedman 2006">{{cite book | editor1-last = Sweedman | editor1-first = Luke | editor2-last = Merritt | editor2-first = David | year = 2006 | title = Australian seeds: a guide to their collection, identification and biology | publisher = CSIRO Publishing | isbn = 0-643-09298-6 | page = 203}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{The Banksia Atlas}}
{{Commons}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2882718}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Banksia laevigata}}
[[Category:Banksia taxa by scientific name|laevigata]]
[[Category:Eudicots of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1856]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Meissner]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '
Tennis ball banksia is a very awesome plant with the leave
==Description==
''Banksia laevigata'' is a shrub that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|1-3.5|m}} and has roughly flaky, grey bark but does not form a [[lignotuber]]. The leaves are serrated, broadly linear to narrow wedge-shaped, {{cvt|50–140|mm}} long and {{cvt|4–20|mm}} wide on a [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] {{cvt|5–10|mm}} long. Both surface of young leaves are hairy but become [[wikt:glabrous|glabrous]] with age. The flowers are borne in spherical heads {{cvt|70–80|mm}} wide, usually on the ends of short side branches. The flowers are yellow or yellowish green and have a [[perianth]] {{cvt|20–26|mm}} long and a curved [[Gynoecium#Pistils|pistil]] {{cvt|30–32|mm}} long. Flowering occurs from September to December or from January to February and the follicles are linear to elliptical, {{cvt|10–18|mm}} long, {{cvt|3–7|mm}} high and {{cvt|4–7|mm}} wide. Each head contains up to 100 follicles surrounded by the remains of the flowers.<ref name=FloraBase/><ref name="ABRS">{{cite book |last1=George |first1=Alex S. |title=Flora of Australia |volume=17B |date=1999 |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra |location=Canberra |pages=219–221 |url=https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/6d8c5c3b-8545-437e-b9b3-944ac95ee07a/files/flora-australia-17b-proteaceae-3-hakea-dryandra.pdf |access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Nuytsia">{{cite journal |last1=George |first1=Alex S. |title=The genus ''Banksia'' L.f. (Proteaceae) |journal=Nuytsia |date=1981 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=360–362 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223763#page/121/mode/1up |access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
==Taxonomy and naming==
''Banksia laevigata'' was first formally described in 1856 by [[Carl Meissner]] in [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|de Candolle's]] ''[[Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis]]'' from specimens collected by [[James Drummond (botanist)|James Drummond]] in the [[Swan River Colony]].<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/538193|publisher=APNI|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Meisn.">{{cite book |last1=Meissner |first1=Carl |last2=de Candolle |first2=Augustin P. (ed.) |title=Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Vegetabilis |date=1856 |publisher=Sumptibus Victoris Masson |location=Paris |page=458 |url=https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/14922/?offset=#page=468&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q= |access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref> The [[Botanical name|specific epithet]] (''laevigata'') is a Latin word meaning "smooth and polished".<ref name="Stearn">{{cite book |author=William T. Stearn |author-link=William T. Stearn |title=Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary |date=1992 |publisher=Timber Press |location=Portland, Oregon |edition=4th|page=438}}</ref>
In 1891, [[Otto Kuntze]], in his ''[[Revisio Generum Plantarum]]'', rejected the generic name ''Banksia'' [[Carolus Linnaeus the Younger|L.f.]], on the grounds that the name ''Banksia'' had previously been published in 1776 as ''Banksia'' [[Johann Reinhold Forster|J.R.Forst]] & [[Georg Forster|G.Forst]], referring to the genus now known as ''[[Pimelea]]''. Kuntze proposed ''Sirmuellera'' as an alternative, referring to this species as ''Sirmuellera laevigata''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kuntze |first=Otto |authorlink=Otto Kuntze |title=Revisio generum plantarum |volume=2 |publisher=Arthur Felix |location=Leipzig |year=1891 |pages=581–582 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4004}}</ref> This application of the [[principle of priority]] was largely ignored by Kuntze's contemporaries,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rehder |first1=A. |authorlink1=Alfred Rehder |last2=Weatherby |first2=C. A. |authorlink2=Charles Alfred Weatherby |last3=Mansfeld |first3=R. |authorlink3=Rudolf Mansfeld |last4=Green |first4=M. L. |authorlink4=Mary Letitia Green |title=Conservation of Later Generic Homonyms |journal=Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) |year=1935 |volume=1935 |issue=6/9 |page=368 |doi=10.2307/4107078 |jstor=4107078}}</ref> and ''Banksia'' L.f. was [[conserved name|formally conserved]] and ''Sirmuellera'' rejected in 1940.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sprague |first=T. A. |authorlink=Thomas Archibald Sprague |title=Additional Nomina Generica Conservanda (Pteridophyta and Phanerogamae) |journal=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |year=1940 |volume=1940 |issue=3 |doi=10.2307/4111642 |jstor=4111642 |page=99}}</ref>
In 1965, [[Alex George (botanist)|Alex George]] described two subspecies in ''[[The Western Australian Naturalist]]'' and the names are accepted by the [[Australian Plant Census]]:
* ''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''fuscolutea''<ref name=APC1>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''fuscolutea''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/107713|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref> that bright yellow perianth with rusty hairs;<ref name="ABRS" /><ref name="Nuytsia" /><ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''fuscolutea''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/538204|publisher=APNI|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
* ''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata''<ref name=APC2>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/107727|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref> that has a creamy grey perianth with grey hairs.<ref name="ABRS" /><ref name="Nuytsia" /><ref name=APNI2>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/538219 |publisher=APNI|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
==Distribution and habitat==
Subspecies ''fuscolutea'' is more widespread than the [[Autonym (botany)|autonym]] and grows in shrubland between Lake Barker, [[Hyden, Western Australia|Hyden]] and Mount Day near [[Norseman, Western Australia|Norseman]]. Subspecies ''laevigata'' is found in the [[Ravensthorpe, Western Australia|Ravensthorpe Range]] and along the [[Fitzgerald River]] where it grows in woodland and shrubland.<ref name="ABRS" />
==Conservation status==
Subspecies ''fuscolutea'' is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]],<ref name=FloraBase1>{{FloraBase|name=''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''fuscolutea''|id=11777}}</ref> but subsp. ''laevigata'' is classified as "[[Declared Rare and Priority Flora List|Priority Four]]" is classified as "[[Declared Rare and Priority Flora List|Priority Four]]" by the Government of Western Australia [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]],<ref name=FloraBase2>{{FloraBase|name='''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata''|id=12033}}</ref> meaning that is rare or near threatened.<ref name=codes>{{cite web|title=Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna|url=https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/threatened-species/Listings/Conservation%20code%20definitions.pdf|publisher=Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
==Use in horticulture==
Seeds do not require any treatment, and take 39 to 92 days to [[germinate]].<ref name="Sweedman 2006">{{cite book | editor1-last = Sweedman | editor1-first = Luke | editor2-last = Merritt | editor2-first = David | year = 2006 | title = Australian seeds: a guide to their collection, identification and biology | publisher = CSIRO Publishing | isbn = 0-643-09298-6 | page = 203}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{The Banksia Atlas}}
{{Commons}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2882718}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Banksia laevigata}}
[[Category:Banksia taxa by scientific name|laevigata]]
[[Category:Eudicots of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1856]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Meissner]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,21 +1,4 @@
-{{Short description|Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
-{{speciesbox
-|name = Tennis ball banksia
-|image = Banksia laevigata laevigata.JPG
-|image_caption = ''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata'' in cultivation at The Banksia Farm
-|image2 = Banksia laevigata fuscolutea 6 email.jpg
-|image2_caption = Subspecies ''fuscolutea''
-|genus = Banksia
-|parent = Banksia subg. Banksia
-|species = laevigata
-|authority = [[Carl Meissner|Meisn.]]<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Banksia laevigata''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/107705|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
-|synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" />
-|synonyms =
-* ''Banksia laevigata'' <small>Meisn. (1852) nom. inval., [[Nomen nudum|nom. nud.]]</small>
-* ''Sirmuellera laevigata'' <small>(Meisn.) [[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small>
-}}
-[[File:Banksia laevigata subsp. laevigata.jpg|thumb|''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata'' habit]]
-'''''Banksia laevigata''''', commonly known as the '''tennis ball banksia''',<ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Banksia laevigata''|id=1824}}</ref> is a species of shrub that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to Western Australia. It has serrated, broadly linear to narrow wedge-shaped leaves, yellow or yellowish green flowers, depending on subspecies, and linear to elliptic [[Follicle (fruit)|follicles]] with a slightly wrinkled surface.
+
+Tennis ball banksia is a very awesome plant with the leave
==Description==
' |
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9 => '|parent = Banksia subg. Banksia',
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13 => '|synonyms = ',
14 => '* ''Banksia laevigata'' <small>Meisn. (1852) nom. inval., [[Nomen nudum|nom. nud.]]</small>',
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16 => '}}',
17 => '[[File:Banksia laevigata subsp. laevigata.jpg|thumb|''Banksia laevigata'' subsp. ''laevigata'' habit]]',
18 => ''''''Banksia laevigata''''', commonly known as the '''tennis ball banksia''',<ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Banksia laevigata''|id=1824}}</ref> is a species of shrub that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to Western Australia. It has serrated, broadly linear to narrow wedge-shaped leaves, yellow or yellowish green flowers, depending on subspecies, and linear to elliptic [[Follicle (fruit)|follicles]] with a slightly wrinkled surface.'
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All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>Tennis ball banksia is a very awesome plant with the leave
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Taxonomy_and_naming"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Taxonomy and naming</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Distribution_and_habitat"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Distribution and habitat</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Conservation_status"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Conservation status</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Use_in_horticulture"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Use in horticulture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Description">Description</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p><i>Banksia laevigata</i> is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 1–3.5 m (3 ft 3 in – 11 ft 6 in) and has roughly flaky, grey bark but does not form a <a href="/info/en/?search=Lignotuber" title="Lignotuber">lignotuber</a>. The leaves are serrated, broadly linear to narrow wedge-shaped, 50–140 mm (2.0–5.5 in) long and 4–20 mm (0.16–0.79 in) wide on a <a href="/info/en/?search=Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">petiole</a> 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long. Both surface of young leaves are hairy but become <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glabrous" class="extiw" title="wikt:glabrous">glabrous</a> with age. The flowers are borne in spherical heads 70–80 mm (2.8–3.1 in) wide, usually on the ends of short side branches. The flowers are yellow or yellowish green and have a <a href="/info/en/?search=Perianth" title="Perianth">perianth</a> 20–26 mm (0.79–1.02 in) long and a curved <a href="/info/en/?search=Gynoecium#Pistils" title="Gynoecium">pistil</a> 30–32 mm (1.2–1.3 in) long. Flowering occurs from September to December or from January to February and the follicles are linear to elliptical, 10–18 mm (0.39–0.71 in) long, 3–7 mm (0.12–0.28 in) high and 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) wide. Each head contains up to 100 follicles surrounded by the remains of the flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-FloraBase_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FloraBase-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABRS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABRS-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nuytsia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuytsia-3">[3]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Taxonomy_and_naming">Taxonomy and naming</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p><i>Banksia laevigata</i> was first formally described in 1856 by <a href="/info/en/?search=Carl_Meissner" title="Carl Meissner">Carl Meissner</a> in <a href="/info/en/?search=Augustin_Pyramus_de_Candolle" title="Augustin Pyramus de Candolle">de Candolle's</a> <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Prodromus_Systematis_Naturalis_Regni_Vegetabilis" title="Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis">Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</a></i> from specimens collected by <a href="/info/en/?search=James_Drummond_(botanist)" title="James Drummond (botanist)">James Drummond</a> in the <a href="/info/en/?search=Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River Colony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-APNI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APNI-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meisn._5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meisn.-5">[5]</a></sup> The <a href="/info/en/?search=Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">specific epithet</a> (<i>laevigata</i>) is a Latin word meaning "smooth and polished".<sup id="cite_ref-Stearn_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stearn-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1891, <a href="/info/en/?search=Otto_Kuntze" title="Otto Kuntze">Otto Kuntze</a>, in his <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Revisio_Generum_Plantarum" title="Revisio Generum Plantarum">Revisio Generum Plantarum</a></i>, rejected the generic name <i>Banksia</i> <a href="/info/en/?search=Carolus_Linnaeus_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolus Linnaeus the Younger">L.f.</a>, on the grounds that the name <i>Banksia</i> had previously been published in 1776 as <i>Banksia</i> <a href="/info/en/?search=Johann_Reinhold_Forster" title="Johann Reinhold Forster">J.R.Forst</a> & <a href="/info/en/?search=Georg_Forster" title="Georg Forster">G.Forst</a>, referring to the genus now known as <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pimelea" title="Pimelea">Pimelea</a></i>. Kuntze proposed <i>Sirmuellera</i> as an alternative, referring to this species as <i>Sirmuellera laevigata</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> This application of the <a href="/info/en/?search=Principle_of_priority" title="Principle of priority">principle of priority</a> was largely ignored by Kuntze's contemporaries,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> and <i>Banksia</i> L.f. was <a href="/info/en/?search=Conserved_name" title="Conserved name">formally conserved</a> and <i>Sirmuellera</i> rejected in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1965, <a href="/info/en/?search=Alex_George_(botanist)" title="Alex George (botanist)">Alex George</a> described two subspecies in <i><a href="/info/en/?search=The_Western_Australian_Naturalist" title="The Western Australian Naturalist">The Western Australian Naturalist</a></i> and the names are accepted by the <a href="/info/en/?search=Australian_Plant_Census" title="Australian Plant Census">Australian Plant Census</a>:
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<ul><li><i>Banksia laevigata</i> subsp. <i>fuscolutea</i><sup id="cite_ref-APC1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APC1-10">[10]</a></sup> that bright yellow perianth with rusty hairs;<sup id="cite_ref-ABRS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABRS-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nuytsia_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuytsia-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-APNI1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APNI1-11">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Banksia laevigata</i> subsp. <i>laevigata</i><sup id="cite_ref-APC2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APC2-12">[12]</a></sup> that has a creamy grey perianth with grey hairs.<sup id="cite_ref-ABRS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABRS-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nuytsia_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuytsia-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-APNI2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APNI2-13">[13]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Subspecies <i>fuscolutea</i> is more widespread than the <a href="/info/en/?search=Autonym_(botany)" title="Autonym (botany)">autonym</a> and grows in shrubland between Lake Barker, <a href="/info/en/?search=Hyden,_Western_Australia" title="Hyden, Western Australia">Hyden</a> and Mount Day near <a href="/info/en/?search=Norseman,_Western_Australia" title="Norseman, Western Australia">Norseman</a>. Subspecies <i>laevigata</i> is found in the <a href="/info/en/?search=Ravensthorpe,_Western_Australia" title="Ravensthorpe, Western Australia">Ravensthorpe Range</a> and along the <a href="/info/en/?search=Fitzgerald_River" title="Fitzgerald River">Fitzgerald River</a> where it grows in woodland and shrubland.<sup id="cite_ref-ABRS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABRS-2">[2]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Conservation_status">Conservation status</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Subspecies <i>fuscolutea</i> is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government <a href="/info/en/?search=Department_of_Parks_and_Wildlife_(Western_Australia)" title="Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)">Department of Parks and Wildlife</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FloraBase1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FloraBase1-14">[14]</a></sup> but subsp. <i>laevigata</i> is classified as "<a href="/info/en/?search=Declared_Rare_and_Priority_Flora_List" title="Declared Rare and Priority Flora List">Priority Four</a>" is classified as "<a href="/info/en/?search=Declared_Rare_and_Priority_Flora_List" title="Declared Rare and Priority Flora List">Priority Four</a>" by the Government of Western Australia <a href="/info/en/?search=Department_of_Parks_and_Wildlife_(Western_Australia)" title="Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)">Department of Parks and Wildlife</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FloraBase2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FloraBase2-15">[15]</a></sup> meaning that is rare or near threatened.<sup id="cite_ref-codes_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-codes-16">[16]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Use_in_horticulture">Use in horticulture</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Seeds do not require any treatment, and take 39 to 92 days to <a href="/info/en/?search=Germinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Germinate">germinate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweedman_2006_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweedman_2006-17">[17]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<li id="cite_note-FloraBase-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FloraBase_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>FloraBase</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/info/en/?search=Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-ABRS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABRS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABRS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABRS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABRS_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1999" class="citation book cs1">George, Alex S. (1999). <a class="external text" href="https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/6d8c5c3b-8545-437e-b9b3-944ac95ee07a/files/flora-australia-17b-proteaceae-3-hakea-dryandra.pdf"><i>Flora of Australia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. pp. 219–221<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flora+of+Australia&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=219-221&rft.pub=Australian+Biological+Resources+Study%2C+Canberra&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Alex+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.au%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fpages%2F6d8c5c3b-8545-437e-b9b3-944ac95ee07a%2Ffiles%2Fflora-australia-17b-proteaceae-3-hakea-dryandra.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Nuytsia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nuytsia_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nuytsia_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nuytsia_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1981" class="citation journal cs1">George, Alex S. (1981). <a class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223763#page/121/mode/1up">"The genus <i>Banksia</i> L.f. (Proteaceae)"</a>. <i>Nuytsia</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 360–362<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuytsia&rft.atitle=The+genus+Banksia+L.f.+%28Proteaceae%29&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=360-362&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Alex+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F223763%23page%2F121%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-APNI-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APNI_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/538193">"<i>Banksia laevigata</i>"</a>. APNI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banksia+laevigata&rft.pub=APNI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fid.biodiversity.org.au%2Finstance%2Fapni%2F538193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Meisn.-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meisn._5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMeissnerde_Candolle1856" class="citation book cs1">Meissner, Carl; de Candolle, Augustin P. (ed.) (1856). <a class="external text" href="https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/14922/?offset=#page=468&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q="><i>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Vegetabilis</i></a>. Paris: Sumptibus Victoris Masson. p. 458<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prodromus+Systematis+Naturalis+Vegetabilis&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=458&rft.pub=Sumptibus+Victoris+Masson&rft.date=1856&rft.aulast=Meissner&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.au=de+Candolle%2C+Augustin+P.+%28ed.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbibdigital.rjb.csic.es%2Fviewer%2F14922%2F%3Foffset%3D%23page%3D468%26viewer%3Dpicture%26o%3Dbookmark%26n%3D0%26q%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/info/en/?search=Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first2=</code> has generic name (<a href="/info/en/?search=Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Stearn-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stearn_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_T._Stearn1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/info/en/?search=William_T._Stearn" title="William T. Stearn">William T. Stearn</a> (1992). <i>Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary</i> (4th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 438.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Botanical+Latin.+History%2C+grammar%2C+syntax%2C+terminology+and+vocabulary&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pages=438&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.au=William+T.+Stearn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKuntze1891" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/info/en/?search=Otto_Kuntze" title="Otto Kuntze">Kuntze, Otto</a> (1891). <a class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4004"><i>Revisio generum plantarum</i></a>. Vol. 2. Leipzig: Arthur Felix. pp. 581–582.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revisio+generum+plantarum&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=581-582&rft.pub=Arthur+Felix&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=Kuntze&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F4004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFRehderWeatherbyMansfeldGreen1935" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/info/en/?search=Alfred_Rehder" title="Alfred Rehder">Rehder, A.</a>; <a href="/info/en/?search=Charles_Alfred_Weatherby" title="Charles Alfred Weatherby">Weatherby, C. A.</a>; <a href="/info/en/?search=Rudolf_Mansfeld" title="Rudolf Mansfeld">Mansfeld, R.</a>; <a href="/info/en/?search=Mary_Letitia_Green" title="Mary Letitia Green">Green, M. L.</a> (1935). "Conservation of Later Generic Homonyms". <i>Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)</i>. <b>1935</b> (6/9): 368. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4107078">10.2307/4107078</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4107078">4107078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Miscellaneous+Information+%28Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew%29&rft.atitle=Conservation+of+Later+Generic+Homonyms&rft.volume=1935&rft.issue=6%2F9&rft.pages=368&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4107078&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4107078%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Rehder&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Weatherby%2C+C.+A.&rft.au=Mansfeld%2C+R.&rft.au=Green%2C+M.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSprague1940" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/info/en/?search=Thomas_Archibald_Sprague" title="Thomas Archibald Sprague">Sprague, T. A.</a> (1940). "Additional Nomina Generica Conservanda (Pteridophyta and Phanerogamae)". <i>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</i>. <b>1940</b> (3): 99. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4111642">10.2307/4111642</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4111642">4111642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft.atitle=Additional+Nomina+Generica+Conservanda+%28Pteridophyta+and+Phanerogamae%29&rft.volume=1940&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=99&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4111642&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4111642%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sprague&rft.aufirst=T.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-APC1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APC1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/107713">"<i>Banksia laevigata</i> subsp. <i>fuscolutea</i>"</a>. Australian Plant Census<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banksia+laevigata+subsp.+fuscolutea&rft.pub=Australian+Plant+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversity.org.au%2Fnsl%2Fservices%2Fapc-format%2Fdisplay%2F107713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-APNI1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APNI1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/538204">"<i>Banksia laevigata</i> subsp. <i>fuscolutea</i>"</a>. APNI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banksia+laevigata+subsp.+fuscolutea&rft.pub=APNI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fid.biodiversity.org.au%2Finstance%2Fapni%2F538204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-APC2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APC2_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/107727">"<i>Banksia laevigata</i> subsp. <i>laevigata</i>"</a>. Australian Plant Census<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banksia+laevigata+subsp.+laevigata&rft.pub=Australian+Plant+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversity.org.au%2Fnsl%2Fservices%2Fapc-format%2Fdisplay%2F107727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-APNI2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APNI2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/538219">"<i>Banksia laevigata</i> subsp. <i>laevigata</i>"</a>. APNI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banksia+laevigata+subsp.+laevigata&rft.pub=APNI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fid.biodiversity.org.au%2Finstance%2Fapni%2F538219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FloraBase1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FloraBase1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/11777">"<i>Banksia laevigata</i> subsp. <i>fuscolutea</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a></i>. Western Australian Government <a href="/info/en/?search=Department_of_Biodiversity,_Conservation_and_Attractions" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions">Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FloraBase&rft.atitle=Banksia+laevigata+subsp.+fuscolutea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflorabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au%2Fbrowse%2Fprofile%2F11777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FloraBase2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FloraBase2_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/12033">"'<i>Banksia laevigata</i> subsp. <i>laevigata</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a></i>. Western Australian Government <a href="/info/en/?search=Department_of_Biodiversity,_Conservation_and_Attractions" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions">Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FloraBase&rft.atitle=Banksia+laevigata+subsp.+laevigata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflorabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au%2Fbrowse%2Fprofile%2F12033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-codes-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-codes_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/threatened-species/Listings/Conservation%20code%20definitions.pdf">"Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conservation+codes+for+Western+Australian+Flora+and+Fauna&rft.pub=Government+of+Western+Australia+Department+of+Parks+and+Wildlife&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpaw.wa.gov.au%2Fimages%2Fdocuments%2Fplants-animals%2Fthreatened-species%2FListings%2FConservation%2520code%2520definitions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Sweedman_2006-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sweedman_2006_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSweedmanMerritt2006" class="citation book cs1">Sweedman, Luke; Merritt, David, eds. (2006). <i>Australian seeds: a guide to their collection, identification and biology</i>. CSIRO Publishing. p. 203. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/info/en/?search=Special:BookSources/0-643-09298-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-643-09298-6"><bdi>0-643-09298-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+seeds%3A+a+guide+to+their+collection%2C+identification+and+biology&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=CSIRO+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-643-09298-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor,_AnneHopper,_Stephen1988" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Anne; <a href="/info/en/?search=Stephen_Hopper" title="Stephen Hopper">Hopper, Stephen</a> (1988). <i><a href="/info/en/?search=The_Banksia_Atlas" title="The Banksia Atlas">The Banksia Atlas</a> (Australian Flora and Fauna Series Number 8)</i>. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/info/en/?search=Special:BookSources/0-644-07124-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-644-07124-9"><bdi>0-644-07124-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Banksia+Atlas+%28Australian+Flora+and+Fauna+Series+Number+8%29&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+Government+Publishing+Service&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-644-07124-9&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Anne&rft.au=Hopper%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanksia+laevigata" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
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laevigata</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882718" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2882718">Q2882718</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Banksia_laevigata" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Banksia laevigata">Banksia laevigata</a></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/107705">107705</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/68CCC">68CCC</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/5587387">5587387</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/1824">1824</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=46150">46150</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Banksia%20laevigata">Banksia laevigata</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7287618">7287618</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/525135">525135</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/703120-1">703120-1</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/112526984">112526984</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=199773">199773</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=87780">87780</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2669130">kew-2669130</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A703120-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:703120-1</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/50205579">50205579</a></span></span></li>
<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/info/en/?search=World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000559687">wfo-0000559687</a></span></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1714770167' |