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{{pp-pc}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2020}}
'''Asian carp''' is a grouping of fishes commonly used to mean silver, bighead carp, white and black amur,{{refn | group=note | The definition of ''Asian carp'' can be found including common carp as well, as in Koel et al. (2000).<ref name = "Koel et al 2000" />}} which are regarded [[invasive species in the United States|invasive in the United States]]. These four species, also known as '''copi''', are native to China where they are collectively known as ''qing cao lian yong'' (青草鲢鳙) or ''si da jia yu'' (四大家鱼, "Big Four domesticated fish"){{refn | group=note | In [[Guangdong]], 四大家鱼 means ''silver'', ''bighead carp'', ''white amur'' and ''[[mud carp]]''<ref name = "Guangdong Nianjian 1987" /> (commonly known as ''dace'').}} and are farmed for food.
==Asian carp and related fish==
* ''[[Hypophthalmichthys molitrix|H. molitrix]]'' – silver carp, silverfin
* ''[[Hypophthalmichthys nobilis|H. nobilis]]'' – bighead carp
* ''[[Ctenopharyngodon idella|Ct. idella]]'' – grass carp, white amur
* ''[[Mylopharyngodon piceus|M. piceus]]'' – black carp, black amur
<gallery mode="packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%" >
Tolstolobik bílý.jpg|[[Silver carp]]
Bighead carp (March 2012).jpg|[[Bighead carp]]
Hal - Ctenopharyngodon idella - 1.jpg|[[White amur]]
File:Juvenile black carp.jpg|[[Black amur]]
</gallery>
===Other ''Cyprinoidei'' fish farmed in China===
Common carp, amur carp and crucian carp are also common food fishes in China and elsewhere. Goldfish, though, are cultivated mainly as pet fish.
* ''[[Cyprinus carpio|C. carpio]]'' – common carp
* ''[[Cyprinus rubrofuscus|C. rubrofuscus]]'' – Amur carp
* ''[[Carassius auratus|C. auratus]]'' – goldfish
* ''[[Carassius carassius|C. carasius]]'' – crucian carp, crucian
* ''[[Cirrhinus molitorella|C. molitorella]]'' – dace, mud carp
* ''[[Megalobrama amblycephala|M. amblycephala]]'' – blunt snout bream, Wuchang bream
==Characteristics==
[[File:Silver and bighead carp hybrid caught from a pond of NUBIP, Ukraine.png|thumb|A bighead-silver carp hybrid]]
These four fish have been cultivated in [[aquaculture]] in [[China]] for over 1,000 years.
Bighead and silver carp are the most important fish, worldwide, in terms of total aquaculture production.<ref name=kolar>Kolar et al. 2007. Bigheaded carp: Biological synopsis and environmental risk assessment. [[American Fisheries Society]], Bethesda, MD.</ref>
Asian carp are big fish,<ref name = "Kight 2012" /> with black amur adults grow as big as 33 lbs (15 kg) in average, with the biggest one weighing 150 lbs (70 kg).<ref name = "FWS Black carp" />
Bighead and silver carp are able to breed and produce offspring.<ref name = "Lamer et al 2010" />
===Jumping of silver carp===
[[File:Asian carp (6887439853).jpg|thumb|Silver carp jumping out, Missouri]]
[[Silver carp]] are easily frightened by boats, which cause them to leap between {{convert|2.5|-|3.0|m|ft|0}} into the air, and numerous boaters have been severely injured by collisions with the fish.<ref>[http://www.lib.niu.edu/2002/oi020508.html P.J. Perea, ''Asian Carp Invasion'', OutdoorIllinois, May 2002 (Ill. Dept. Natural Resources), at 8]. {{ISSN|1072-7175}}, Retrieved February 19, 2008.</ref> According to the [[Environmental Protection Agency]], "reported injuries include cuts from fins, black eyes, broken bones, back injuries, and concussions".<ref name="epa.gov">[http://www.epa.gov/EPA-IMPACT/2007/July/Day-10/i13371.htm ''Injurious Wildlife Species; Silver Carp and Largescale Silver Carp'', Federal Register: July 10, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 131)]</ref> This behavior has sometimes been attributed to the very similar bighead carp, but these do not normally jump when frightened.<ref name="kolar" /> Catching jumping carp in nets has become part of the Redneck Fishing Tournament in [[Bath, Illinois]].<ref>Crossett, Larry, [http://www.pekintimes.com/news/x979354009/Redneck-Fishing-Tournament-draws-crowds "Redneck Fishing Tournament draws crowds"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120810013018/http://www.pekintimes.com/news/x979354009/Redneck-Fishing-Tournament-draws-crowds |date=August 10, 2012 }}, GateHouse News Service/''Pekin Times'', August 9, 2010 8:00 AM.</ref>
== Recreational fishing ==
[[File:Grass carp 1.jpg|thumb|A white amur caught on [[monofilament fishing line]]]]
The [[grass carp]] (''Ctenopharyngodon idella''), and [[black carp]] (''Mylopharyngodon piceus'') as well as [[common carp]] (''Cyprinus carpio'') are popular targets for recreational fisherman in the Midwest, despite their status of being an invasive species. These species are unique because of their ability to be caught with the traditional fishing technique of using a fishing rod, reel and a hook.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-11 |title=What To Look For In A Carp Fishing Hook - Improved Carp Angling |url=https://improvedcarpangling.com/what-to-look-for-in-a-carp-fishing-hook/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> Other invasive carp species – the [[Silver carp]] (''Hypophthalmichthys molitrix'') and [[bighead carp]] (''Hypophthalmichthys nobilis'') are not traditionally caught on rod and reel because they feed on plankton, therefore they do not bite on baited hooks or lures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bauer |first=daryl |date=2016-09-14 |title=Hook & Line Asian Carp????? •Nebraskaland Magazine |url=http://magazine.outdoornebraska.gov/2016/09/hook-line-asian-carp/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Nebraskaland Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
== As food ==
Asian carp have been a popular food fish in Asia for thousands of years. In North America, the various Asian carp are often lumped with the common carp and seen as undesirable [[trash fish]] because of the unpopularity of common carp as food in this region.<ref>Gallagher, Jim, [http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/article_9492759b-5968-5021-9c13-23168664f0d3.html "Let them eat carp: Illinois to feed pest fish to the poor"], ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', July 14, 2011 4:45 pm.</ref> Furthermore, even the common carp, which was introduced to North America from Europe in the 17th century, are important [[food fish]] outside North America.
The pearly white flesh — though complicated by intermuscular bones — has a mild taste.<ref name = "Howell 2024" /> The [[filter-feeding]] silver and bighead carp have much lower [[heavy metal contamination]] (such as [[Mercury (element)|mercury]]) than most other fish because they are [[algae eater|algivorous]] [[consumer (food chain)#Levels of the food chain|primary consumer]]s that do not eat other [[aquatic invertebrate]]s or fishes and therefore are the least impacted by [[biomagnification]].
A famous dish in Hangzhou called ''[[West Lake Fish in Vinegar Gravy|Xi Hu cu yu]]'' ({{zh|s=西湖醋鱼}}), traditionally made of white amur, is a dish of controversial flavor.<ref name = "Lu 2023" />
<gallery mode=packed heights=180px style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%">
Steamed Fish Head with Diced Chili (20150726122046).jpg|Duo jiao yu tou (剁椒鱼头), steamed bighead carp, served with noodles, [[Hunan cuisine]]
HK SKD TKO 將軍澳 Tseung Kwan O Po Hong Road Beverly Garden market shop 金喜包點美食 Kam Hey Bao Dim Food cooked October 2022 Px3 03.jpg|Steamed white amur (蒸鯇魚, front) in a [[Hong Kong cuisine|Hong Kong]] restaurant
Ciba-style Grass Carp.jpg|Ciba yu (糍粑鱼), pan-fried marinated white amur, [[Hubei cuisine]]
</gallery>
Copi is available in restaurants in Illinois, Arizona and Washington, DC.; in 7 fish markets in Illinois and Tennessee; and through 7 fish distributors in Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Maryland and Wisconsin.<ref>[https://choosecopi.com/fish-near-me ChooseCopi.com]</ref>
===Pet food===
There are companies making pet food using silver carp in the US<ref name = "Wilson 2021" /><ref name = "Han 2023" /> and Canada.<ref name = "Tyler 2020" />
==As ornamental fish==
Yuquan ({{Zh|c=玉泉}}), one of the well-known scenic spots in Hangzhou, has a large fish pond alive with hundreds of fish of various colors. As of 2022, many of the fish there are [[black amur]], with additional [[bighead carp]], [[nishikigoi]], [[sharpbelly]] and [[white amur]].<ref name= "Dong 2022" /> A three-character inscription, ''Yu Le Guo'' ({{Zh|c=鱼乐国}}), meaning "fish's paradise", is set above one end of the pond in the calligraphy of a famous gentry-scholar of the late [[Ming Dynasty]] named Dong Qichang ({{zh|s=董其昌}}).
==Introduction to North America==
{{Main article|Asian carp in North America}}
===Environmental impact===
Some species of Asian carp cause harm when they are [[Introduced species|introduced]] to new environments. The black carp feeds on native mussels and snails, some of which are already endangered. Grass carp can alter the [[food web]]s of a new environment by altering the communities of plants, invertebrates, and fish. Silver carp feed on the [[plankton]] necessary for larval fish and native mussels.<ref>[https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/profile/silver-carp Silver Carp] ''USDA National Agricultural Library''. Retrieved August 29, 2019.</ref>
Bighead and silver carp feed by filtering plankton from the water. The extremely high abundance of bighead and silver carp has caused great concern because of the potential for competition with native species for food and living space. Because of their filter-feeding habits, they are difficult to capture by normal angling methods.
===History===
In the late 19th century, the common carp was distributed widely throughout the United States by the [[United States Fish Commission]] as a foodfish.<ref name="NASCyprinusCarpio">{{Cite web |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509 |title=Species FactSheet: Cyprinus carpio |last=Fuller |first=Pam |date=June 7, 2005 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |access-date=June 19, 2007 |archive-date=December 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213132411/http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In the 1970s, fish farmers in mostly southern states began importing Asian carp from China to help clean their commercial ponds.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120220062204/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/the-carp-must-die-02162012.html The Carp Must Die] in [[BusinessWeek]], February 16, 2012</ref><ref>[http://host.madison.com/news/local/great-lakes-states-sue-to-stop-asian-carp-invasion/article_fb5b0e6a-ffc8-11de-89ef-001cc4c002e0.html Great Lakes states sue to stop Asian carp invasion] in ''The Capital Times'', January 13, 2010.</ref> The rise in the populations of bighead and silver carp has been dramatic where they are established in the Mississippi River basin.<ref name = "Koel et al 2000">{{Cite web |url=http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/reports_publications/psrs/psr_2000_05.html |title=Asian Carp Invasion of the Upper Mississippi River System |first=Todd M. |last=Koel |author2=Kevin S. Irons |author3=Eric Ratcliff |date=November 2000 |publisher=Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center |access-date=June 19, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621153825/http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/reports_publications/psrs/psr_2000_05.html |archive-date=June 21, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Because of their prominence, and because they were imported to the United States much later than other carp native to Asia, the term "Asian carp" is often used with the intended meaning of only grass, black, silver, and bighead carp. In the U.S., Asian carp are considered to be invasive species. Of the Asian carp introduced to the United States, only two (crucian and black carp) are not known to be firmly established. Crucian carp is probably [[local extinction|extirpated]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509 |title=Species FactSheet: Carassius carassius |last=Fuller |first=Pam |date=June 7, 2005 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |access-date=June 19, 2007 |archive-date=December 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213132411/http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since 2003, however, several adults, fertile black carp have been captured from the [[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]] and other rivers connected to the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=573 |title=Species FactSheet: Mylopharyngodon piceus |last=Fuller |first=Pam |date=June 7, 2005 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |access-date=June 19, 2007}}</ref> Dr. Leo Nico, in the book ''Black carp: Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment of an Introduced Fish'', reports that black carp are probably established in the United States. In [[South Florida]], the local water management district actually stocks the canals with sterilized grass carp to control the [[hydrilla]] plant, which tends to block the locks and drainage valves used to control water flow from the [[Everglades]].
===Distribution===
Bighead, silver, and grass carp are known to be well-established in the Mississippi River basin (including tributaries), where they at times reach extremely high numbers, especially in the case of the bighead and silver carp. Bighead, silver, and grass carp have been captured in that watershed from Louisiana to South Dakota, Minnesota, and Ohio. Grass carp are also established in at least one other watershed, in Texas, and may be established elsewhere.
[[File:Asian Carp, Shedd Aquarium, Chicago.webmhd.webm|thumb|Asian carp, Shedd Aquarium, Chicago]]
Grass carp have been captured in all of the [[Great Lakes]] except [[Lake Superior]], but so far, no evidence indicates a reproducing population. No silver carp or black carp have yet been found in any of the Great Lakes. Common carp are abundant throughout the Great Lakes.
A few bighead and grass carp have been captured in Canada's portions of the Great Lakes, but no Asian carp (other than common carp) is known to be established in Canada at this time. Concerns exist that the silver carp may spread into [[Cypress Hills (Canada)|Cypress Hills]] in [[Alberta]] and [[Saskatchewan]] through [[Battle Creek (Milk River tributary)|Battle Creek]], the [[Frenchman River]], and other rivers flowing south out of the hills into the [[Milk River (Alberta–Montana)|Milk River]]. [[Ontario]] does not have Asian carp yet and has used the provincial [[Invasive Species Act (Ontario)|Invasive Species Act]]<ref name="On-Inv-Sp-Act">{{cite web |url=http://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/s15022 |title=Invasive Species Act, 2015, S.O. 2015, c. 22 - Bill 37 }}</ref> to prohibit their import.<ref name="Invading-Species">{{cite web |url=http://www.invadingspecies.com/asian-carps/ |title=Asian Carps – Ontario's Invading Species Awareness Program }}</ref>
In Mexico, grass carp have been established for many years in at least two river systems, where they are considered invasive, but no other Asian carp are known to have been introduced.
==Management in the US==
===Field actions===
[[File:Bighead Carp (13103179035).jpg|thumb|A bighead carp held by a U.S. Geological Survey researcher]]
These fish are thought to be highly detrimental to the environment in parts of the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Caryn |last1=Rousseau |first2=John |last2=Flesher |title=Fears mount over giant carp reaching Great Lakes |date=December 2, 2009 |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hs63FD_eLJEQ2gB94JLywKNtuF2AD9CBF2680 |access-date=December 2, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206091331/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hs63FD_eLJEQ2gB94JLywKNtuF2AD9CBF2680 |archive-date=December 6, 2009 }}</ref> Because of these concerns, the [[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]] convened stakeholders to develop a national plan for the management and control of invasive Asian carp (referring to bighead, silver, black, and grass carp).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://images.google.com/images?hl=en&source=hp&q=mack&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi |format=PDF|title=Draft Management and Control Plan for Asian Carp in the United States |author=Asian Carp Working Group |author2=Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force |date=April 2006 |publisher=Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force |access-date=June 19, 2007}}</ref> The plan was accepted by the National Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force in the fall of 2007.
As of 2016, efforts were being made to reintroduce [[alligator gar]] between Tennessee and Illinois as part of an effort to control Asian carp.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Webber |first1=Tammy |title=Once-hated fish now sought to combat Asian carp |url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2016/07/29/alligator-gar-combat-asian-carp/87699102/ |access-date=August 22, 2019 |work=Detroit Free Press |agency=Associated Press |date=July 29, 2016 |language=en}}</ref>
In 2019 the Kentucky declared "War on Carp" and started to use [[Electrofishing|electro-fishing]] and sonic devices to remove 5 million pounds of Asian carp from [[Lake Barkley]] and [[Kentucky Lake]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wcpo.com/news/national/asian-carp-have-taken-over-kentuckys-lakes-and-officials-are-using-shocking-boats-to-count-them |title=Asian carp have taken over Kentucky's lakes}}</ref>
[[Electrofishing|Electro-fishing]] has become an extensive technique in population management of Asian carp throughout the Midwest's river systems. It involves the use of electric waves that stun (non-lethally) the invasive fish at the surface of the water, where fisherman can then corral them into net and remove from the ecosystem. Electro-fishing is also safe for the native species of fish that cohabit the waters where it is implemented, because they avoid the electro-fishing boats by diving deeper into the water column, where as the carp jump near the surface, getting stunned in the process.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not Too Shocking: Your Electrofishing Questions Answered |url=https://dwr.virginia.gov/blog/not-too-shocking-your-electrofishing-questions-answered/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |language=en}}</ref>
There have been conclusive results that have proven electro-fishing to be an effective and efficient way to manage the Asian carp invasion in Midwestern waterways. A typical electro-fishing boat can shock 100 carp per minute of fishing utilizing 110-500 volts of electricity, the fish captured are then humanely killed, and used as food or fertilizer for crops.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hirata |first=Stephanie |date=2017-06-05 |title=Electrofishing to combat growing Carp problem |url=https://krcgtv.com/news/local/electrofishing-to-combat-growing-carp-problem |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=KRCG |language=en}}</ref> However, the technique has sparked questions about potential negative impacts that it may have on the rivers' ecosystems. If electro-fishing boats go over spawning grounds for native fish, it could potentially cause harm to fish embryos.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Snyder |first=Darrel E. |date=2003-12-01 |title=Invited overview: conclusions from a review of electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-004-1095-9 |journal=Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries |language=en |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=445–453 |doi=10.1007/s11160-004-1095-9 |issn=1573-5184}}</ref>
=== Branding ===
In June 2022,<ref>[https://www2.illinois.gov/IISNews/25089-Choose_Copi_Eat_Well_and_Do_Good.pdf "Illinois Department of Natural Resources announcement, June 22, 2022"]</ref> the [[Illinois Department of Natural Resources]] announced a campaign to rebrand Asian carp as Copi, which is a clipping of "copious", referring to the large amount of the fish in the US.<ref>[https://www.creativereview.co.uk/asian-carp-copi-rebrand-span/ "Creative Review: America’s least favourite fish gets a rebrand, June 29, 2022"]</ref> The Copi renaming is a part of a Federal and state initiative to get the public to eat the invasive fish,<ref>[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/can-rebranding-invasive-carp-make-it-more-appealing-to-eat-180980320/ "Smithsonian: Can rebranding invasive carp make it more appealing to eat, June 2022"]</ref> decrease its numbers in Midwestern waterways,<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/news/articles/2022-06-22/from-carp-to-copi-unpopular-fish-getting-a-makeover "U.S. News & World Report: From Carp to Copi, Unpopular fish gets a makeover, June 2022"]</ref> and prevent its introduction to the Great Lakes.<ref name="apnews.com">[https://apnews.com/article/chicago-lakes-michigan-illinois-ce92a5c9e97ab7c4c55e42b43876935d "From ‘carp’ to ‘copi’: unpopular fish getting a makeover"], ''apnews.com'', June 22, 2022.]</ref>
The [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA)'s Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)<ref>[https://www.epa.gov/great-lakes-funding/great-lakes-restoration-initiative-glri EPA.gov]
</ref> is funding the Copi rebrand of Asian carp.<ref name="apnews.com"/>
Success of the Copi rebrand of the invasive fish will be measured using pounds of removal as the key metric. Removal was projected to total 6,000,000 lbs at launch of the Copi rebrand, and increase to 12,000,000 in the first year following. Removal at 2 months from launch exceeded 10,000,000 lbs, on pace to beat year 1 projections.<ref>[https://choosecopi.com/copi-goals ChooseCopi.com]</ref>
===Legislation===
[[File:Jumping silver carp.jpg|thumb|A jumping silver carp]]
The Stop Asian Carp Act of 2011 was introduced to require the Secretary of the Army to study the feasibility of the hydrological separation, such as electric barriers, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/s471/text |title=Text of the Stop Asian Carp Act of 2011 |date=March 3, 2011 |work=[[GovTrack]] |access-date=February 20, 2015}}</ref> The act provided 30 days for the Secretary of the Army to begin a study on the best means of implementing a hydrological separation of the Great Lakes to prevent the introduction of Asian carp. The study requirements included researching techniques that prevented the spread of carp from flooding, wastewater and storm water infrastructure, waterway safety operations, and barge and recreational traffic.
In 2012, the U.S. Senate and House introduced new bills aimed at combating the spread of Asian carp into the Great Lakes by expediting some items of the Stop Asian Carp Act of 2011.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Healing Our Waters|journal=Healthy Lakes Healthy Lives|year=2010|url=http://healthylakes.org/news-events/press-release/new-bills-to-confront-asian-carp-threat-introduced-in-congress/|access-date=April 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802222444/http://healthylakes.org/news-events/press-release/new-bills-to-confront-asian-carp-threat-introduced-in-congress/|archive-date=August 2, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The legislation provides direction to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to complete their study within 18 months on how to separate the Great Lakes from the Mississippi watersheds.
The [[Water Resources Development Act of 2020]] was passed by Congress to provide $25 million to efforts against the invasive species in the [[Tennessee River|Tennessee]] and [[Cumberland River|Cumberland]] [[river basin]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wate.com/news/federal-funding-gives-25m-to-fight-asian-carp-in-tennessee-cumberland-river-basins|website=[[WATE]]|first=Gregory|last=Raucoules|date=December 22, 2020|title=Federal funding gives $25M to fight Asian carp in Tennessee, Cumberland River basins}}</ref>
In April 2023, a new, extensive plan was created by the [[Invasive Carp Regional Coordinating Committee]] to launch over 50 projects to combat the growing Asian carp invasion in the Great Lakes region of the Midwest. The committee is partnering with a collaboration of 26 U.S. and Canadian federal, state, provincial, tribal, regional and local agencies to work on new technologies and strategies to implement against Asian carp spreading to the Great Lakes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Invasive Carp Regional Coordinating Committee Releases 2023 Invasive Carp Action Plan {{!}} AsianCarp.us |url=https://invasivecarp.us/News/2023-Action-Plan.html |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=invasivecarp.us}}</ref>
<u>The 2023 Invasive Carp Action Plan includes the following:</u>
* The Brandon Road Project, led by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to prevent carp from entering the Great Lakes by establishing structural and non-structural control measures in Will County, Illinois.
* The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is working with the committee to upgrade sections of the earthen berm at Little Killbuck Creek, Ohio. This location contains a hydraulic connection between the Mississippi River and the Lake Eire water sheds when the water is high. This projects aims to close this aquatic pathway for the invasive species of carp, and further prevent their spreading into Lake Erie.
* Operating electric dispersal barriers in the Chicago Area Waterway System, to include the [[Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal]] that connects to Lake Michigan.
* The U.S. army Corps of Engineers will also conduct experiments with new technologies in [[underwater acoustics]] and carbon dioxide deterrent barriers to prevent the migration of invasive carp into the Great Lakes region.
* The Department of Natural Resources will also organize commercial fishing of the invasive carp species in the upper Illinois River to reduce the population and the risk of upstream expansion northbound.
==See also==
* [[Green crab]]
* [[Lionfish]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
== References ==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name = "Guangdong Nianjian 1987">{{cite book|title=廣東年鑑 1987|year=1987|publisher=廣東人民出版社|page=379}}</ref>
<ref name = "Lamer et al 2010">{{cite journal | vauthors=Lamer JT, Dolan CR, Petersen JL, etal | journal=North American Journal of Fisheries Management | title=Introgressive Hybridization between Bighead Carp and Silver Carp in the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers | volume=30 | issue=6 | pages=1452–1461 | date= 2010 | doi=10.1577/m10-053.1}}</ref>
<ref name = "Kight 2012">{{cite web | vauthors=Kight P |year=2012 | title=Oregon Sea Grant - Asian Carp fact sheet | url=https://seagrant.oregonstate.edu/sites/seagrant.oregonstate.edu/files/invasive-species/toolkit/asian-carp-factsheet.html}}</ref>
<ref name = "Lu 2023">{{cite web | vauthors=Lu HT | year=2023 | title=“西湖醋鱼”的与“食”俱进_杭州网 | url=https://news.hangzhou.com.cn/xwsp/content/2023-04/12/content_8511180.htm|website=杭州网}}</ref>
<ref name = "FWS Black carp">{{cite web | title=Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service | url=https://fws.gov/species/black-carp-mylopharyngodon-piceus|access-date=April 2, 2024}}</ref>
<ref name = "Howell 2024">{{cite web | vauthors=Howell J | year=2024 | title=Do Asian Carp Taste Good? | url=https://www.chefsresource.com/do-asian-carp-taste-good/|website=Chef's Resource}}</ref>
<ref name = "Wilson 2021">{{cite web | vauthors=Wilson A | year=2021 | title=GO Fish: On World Ocean Day, Chippin launches dog food made from overpopulated carp | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandrawilson1/2021/06/08/go-fish-on-world-ocean-day-chippin-launches-dog-food-made-from-overpopulated-carp/ |website= Forbes}}</ref>
<ref name = "Han 2023">{{cite web | vauthors=Han J | year=2023 | title=Upcycling Invasive Fish Species: An Interview with Mike Mitchell, CEO and Co-Founder of Pezzy Pets | url=https://earth.org/interview/upcycling-invasive-fish-species-an-interview-with-mike-mitchell-ceo-and-co-founder-of-pezzy-pets/ |website=Earth.org}}</ref>
<ref name = "Tyler 2020">{{cite web | vauthors=Tyler J | year=2020 | title=Wilder Harrier’s new dog food incorporating invasive Asian carp | url=https://www.petfoodprocessing.net/articles/14232-wilder-harriers-new-dog-food-incorporating-invasive-asian-carp |website=Pet Food Processing}}</ref>
<ref name= "Dong 2022">{{cite web| vauthors=Dong LP | year=2022 | title=玉泉观鱼池里的大青鱼，怎么少了很多？其实没少，在乘凉 | url=https://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/202205/t20220526_24282402.shtml | website=浙江在线}}</ref>
}}
== External links ==
* [https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatic/fish-and-other-vertebrates/invasive-carp Invasive carp page on invasivespeciesinfo.gov]
* [https://invasivecarp.us/ invasivecarp.us]
* [http://asiancarp.ca/ asiancarp.ca]
* [http://choosecopi.com/ choosecopi.com]
* [https://iiseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Asian-Carp-Cuisine_PrintQuality.pdf Asian carp recipes on iiseagrant.org]
{{carp}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Asian Carps}}
[[Category:Carp]]
[[Category:Fish common names]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of China]]
[[Category:Fish of East Asia]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Asia]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[th:ปลาจีน]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Common name for several species of fish}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2020}}
I hate niggers
'''Asian carp''' is a grouping of fishes commonly used to mean silver, bighead carp, white and black amur,{{refn | group=note | The definition of ''Asian carp'' can be found including common carp as well, as in Koel et al. (2000).<ref name = "Koel et al 2000" />}} which are regarded [[invasive species in the United States|invasive in the United States]]. These four species, also known as '''copi''', are native to China where they are collectively known as ''qing cao lian yong'' (青草鲢鳙) or ''si da jia yu'' (四大家鱼, "Big Four domesticated fish"){{refn | group=note | In [[Guangdong]], 四大家鱼 means ''silver'', ''bighead carp'', ''white amur'' and ''[[mud carp]]''<ref name = "Guangdong Nianjian 1987" /> (commonly known as ''dace'').}} and are farmed for food.
==Asian carp and related fish==
* ''[[Hypophthalmichthys molitrix|H. molitrix]]'' – silver carp, silverfin
* ''[[Hypophthalmichthys nobilis|H. nobilis]]'' – bighead carp
* ''[[Ctenopharyngodon idella|Ct. idella]]'' – grass carp, white amur
* ''[[Mylopharyngodon piceus|M. piceus]]'' – black carp, black amur
<gallery mode="packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%" >
Tolstolobik bílý.jpg|[[Silver carp]]
Bighead carp (March 2012).jpg|[[Bighead carp]]
Hal - Ctenopharyngodon idella - 1.jpg|[[White amur]]
File:Juvenile black carp.jpg|[[Black amur]]
</gallery>
===Other ''Cyprinoidei'' fish farmed in China===
Common carp, amur carp and crucian carp are also common food fishes in China and elsewhere. Goldfish, though, are cultivated mainly as pet fish.
* ''[[Cyprinus carpio|C. carpio]]'' – common carp
* ''[[Cyprinus rubrofuscus|C. rubrofuscus]]'' – Amur carp
* ''[[Carassius auratus|C. auratus]]'' – goldfish
* ''[[Carassius carassius|C. carasius]]'' – crucian carp, crucian
* ''[[Cirrhinus molitorella|C. molitorella]]'' – dace, mud carp
* ''[[Megalobrama amblycephala|M. amblycephala]]'' – blunt snout bream, Wuchang bream
==Characteristics==
[[File:Silver and bighead carp hybrid caught from a pond of NUBIP, Ukraine.png|thumb|A bighead-silver carp hybrid]]
These four fish have been cultivated in [[aquaculture]] in [[China]] for over 1,000 years.
Bighead and silver carp are the most important fish, worldwide, in terms of total aquaculture production.<ref name=kolar>Kolar et al. 2007. Bigheaded carp: Biological synopsis and environmental risk assessment. [[American Fisheries Society]], Bethesda, MD.</ref>
Asian carp are big fish,<ref name = "Kight 2012" /> with black amur adults grow as big as 33 lbs (15 kg) in average, with the biggest one weighing 150 lbs (70 kg).<ref name = "FWS Black carp" />
Bighead and silver carp are able to breed and produce offspring.<ref name = "Lamer et al 2010" />
===Jumping of silver carp===
[[File:Asian carp (6887439853).jpg|thumb|Silver carp jumping out, Missouri]]
[[Silver carp]] are easily frightened by boats, which cause them to leap between {{convert|2.5|-|3.0|m|ft|0}} into the air, and numerous boaters have been severely injured by collisions with the fish.<ref>[http://www.lib.niu.edu/2002/oi020508.html P.J. Perea, ''Asian Carp Invasion'', OutdoorIllinois, May 2002 (Ill. Dept. Natural Resources), at 8]. {{ISSN|1072-7175}}, Retrieved February 19, 2008.</ref> According to the [[Environmental Protection Agency]], "reported injuries include cuts from fins, black eyes, broken bones, back injuries, and concussions".<ref name="epa.gov">[http://www.epa.gov/EPA-IMPACT/2007/July/Day-10/i13371.htm ''Injurious Wildlife Species; Silver Carp and Largescale Silver Carp'', Federal Register: July 10, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 131)]</ref> This behavior has sometimes been attributed to the very similar bighead carp, but these do not normally jump when frightened.<ref name="kolar" /> Catching jumping carp in nets has become part of the Redneck Fishing Tournament in [[Bath, Illinois]].<ref>Crossett, Larry, [http://www.pekintimes.com/news/x979354009/Redneck-Fishing-Tournament-draws-crowds "Redneck Fishing Tournament draws crowds"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120810013018/http://www.pekintimes.com/news/x979354009/Redneck-Fishing-Tournament-draws-crowds |date=August 10, 2012 }}, GateHouse News Service/''Pekin Times'', August 9, 2010 8:00 AM.</ref>
== Recreational fishing ==
[[File:Grass carp 1.jpg|thumb|A white amur caught on [[monofilament fishing line]]]]
The [[grass carp]] (''Ctenopharyngodon idella''), and [[black carp]] (''Mylopharyngodon piceus'') as well as [[common carp]] (''Cyprinus carpio'') are popular targets for recreational fisherman in the Midwest, despite their status of being an invasive species. These species are unique because of their ability to be caught with the traditional fishing technique of using a fishing rod, reel and a hook.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-11 |title=What To Look For In A Carp Fishing Hook - Improved Carp Angling |url=https://improvedcarpangling.com/what-to-look-for-in-a-carp-fishing-hook/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> Other invasive carp species – the [[Silver carp]] (''Hypophthalmichthys molitrix'') and [[bighead carp]] (''Hypophthalmichthys nobilis'') are not traditionally caught on rod and reel because they feed on plankton, therefore they do not bite on baited hooks or lures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bauer |first=daryl |date=2016-09-14 |title=Hook & Line Asian Carp????? •Nebraskaland Magazine |url=http://magazine.outdoornebraska.gov/2016/09/hook-line-asian-carp/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Nebraskaland Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
== As food ==
Asian carp have been a popular food fish in Asia for thousands of years. In North America, the various Asian carp are often lumped with the common carp and seen as undesirable [[trash fish]] because of the unpopularity of common carp as food in this region.<ref>Gallagher, Jim, [http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/article_9492759b-5968-5021-9c13-23168664f0d3.html "Let them eat carp: Illinois to feed pest fish to the poor"], ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', July 14, 2011 4:45 pm.</ref> Furthermore, even the common carp, which was introduced to North America from Europe in the 17th century, are important [[food fish]] outside North America.
The pearly white flesh — though complicated by intermuscular bones — has a mild taste.<ref name = "Howell 2024" /> The [[filter-feeding]] silver and bighead carp have much lower [[heavy metal contamination]] (such as [[Mercury (element)|mercury]]) than most other fish because they are [[algae eater|algivorous]] [[consumer (food chain)#Levels of the food chain|primary consumer]]s that do not eat other [[aquatic invertebrate]]s or fishes and therefore are the least impacted by [[biomagnification]].
A famous dish in Hangzhou called ''[[West Lake Fish in Vinegar Gravy|Xi Hu cu yu]]'' ({{zh|s=西湖醋鱼}}), traditionally made of white amur, is a dish of controversial flavor.<ref name = "Lu 2023" />
<gallery mode=packed heights=180px style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%">
Steamed Fish Head with Diced Chili (20150726122046).jpg|Duo jiao yu tou (剁椒鱼头), steamed bighead carp, served with noodles, [[Hunan cuisine]]
HK SKD TKO 將軍澳 Tseung Kwan O Po Hong Road Beverly Garden market shop 金喜包點美食 Kam Hey Bao Dim Food cooked October 2022 Px3 03.jpg|Steamed white amur (蒸鯇魚, front) in a [[Hong Kong cuisine|Hong Kong]] restaurant
Ciba-style Grass Carp.jpg|Ciba yu (糍粑鱼), pan-fried marinated white amur, [[Hubei cuisine]]
</gallery>
Copi is available in restaurants in Illinois, Arizona and Washington, DC.; in 7 fish markets in Illinois and Tennessee; and through 7 fish distributors in Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Maryland and Wisconsin.<ref>[https://choosecopi.com/fish-near-me ChooseCopi.com]</ref>
===Pet food===
There are companies making pet food using silver carp in the US<ref name = "Wilson 2021" /><ref name = "Han 2023" /> and Canada.<ref name = "Tyler 2020" />
==As ornamental fish==
Yuquan ({{Zh|c=玉泉}}), one of the well-known scenic spots in Hangzhou, has a large fish pond alive with hundreds of fish of various colors. As of 2022, many of the fish there are [[black amur]], with additional [[bighead carp]], [[nishikigoi]], [[sharpbelly]] and [[white amur]].<ref name= "Dong 2022" /> A three-character inscription, ''Yu Le Guo'' ({{Zh|c=鱼乐国}}), meaning "fish's paradise", is set above one end of the pond in the calligraphy of a famous gentry-scholar of the late [[Ming Dynasty]] named Dong Qichang ({{zh|s=董其昌}}).
==Introduction to North America==
{{Main article|Asian carp in North America}}
===Environmental impact===
Some species of Asian carp cause harm when they are [[Introduced species|introduced]] to new environments. The black carp feeds on native mussels and snails, some of which are already endangered. Grass carp can alter the [[food web]]s of a new environment by altering the communities of plants, invertebrates, and fish. Silver carp feed on the [[plankton]] necessary for larval fish and native mussels.<ref>[https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/profile/silver-carp Silver Carp] ''USDA National Agricultural Library''. Retrieved August 29, 2019.</ref>
Bighead and silver carp feed by filtering plankton from the water. The extremely high abundance of bighead and silver carp has caused great concern because of the potential for competition with native species for food and living space. Because of their filter-feeding habits, they are difficult to capture by normal angling methods.
===History===
In the late 19th century, the common carp was distributed widely throughout the United States by the [[United States Fish Commission]] as a foodfish.<ref name="NASCyprinusCarpio">{{Cite web |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509 |title=Species FactSheet: Cyprinus carpio |last=Fuller |first=Pam |date=June 7, 2005 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |access-date=June 19, 2007 |archive-date=December 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213132411/http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In the 1970s, fish farmers in mostly southern states began importing Asian carp from China to help clean their commercial ponds.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120220062204/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/the-carp-must-die-02162012.html The Carp Must Die] in [[BusinessWeek]], February 16, 2012</ref><ref>[http://host.madison.com/news/local/great-lakes-states-sue-to-stop-asian-carp-invasion/article_fb5b0e6a-ffc8-11de-89ef-001cc4c002e0.html Great Lakes states sue to stop Asian carp invasion] in ''The Capital Times'', January 13, 2010.</ref> The rise in the populations of bighead and silver carp has been dramatic where they are established in the Mississippi River basin.<ref name = "Koel et al 2000">{{Cite web |url=http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/reports_publications/psrs/psr_2000_05.html |title=Asian Carp Invasion of the Upper Mississippi River System |first=Todd M. |last=Koel |author2=Kevin S. Irons |author3=Eric Ratcliff |date=November 2000 |publisher=Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center |access-date=June 19, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621153825/http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/reports_publications/psrs/psr_2000_05.html |archive-date=June 21, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Because of their prominence, and because they were imported to the United States much later than other carp native to Asia, the term "Asian carp" is often used with the intended meaning of only grass, black, silver, and bighead carp. In the U.S., Asian carp are considered to be invasive species. Of the Asian carp introduced to the United States, only two (crucian and black carp) are not known to be firmly established. Crucian carp is probably [[local extinction|extirpated]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509 |title=Species FactSheet: Carassius carassius |last=Fuller |first=Pam |date=June 7, 2005 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |access-date=June 19, 2007 |archive-date=December 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213132411/http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since 2003, however, several adults, fertile black carp have been captured from the [[Atchafalaya River|Atchafalaya]] and other rivers connected to the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=573 |title=Species FactSheet: Mylopharyngodon piceus |last=Fuller |first=Pam |date=June 7, 2005 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |access-date=June 19, 2007}}</ref> Dr. Leo Nico, in the book ''Black carp: Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment of an Introduced Fish'', reports that black carp are probably established in the United States. In [[South Florida]], the local water management district actually stocks the canals with sterilized grass carp to control the [[hydrilla]] plant, which tends to block the locks and drainage valves used to control water flow from the [[Everglades]].
===Distribution===
Bighead, silver, and grass carp are known to be well-established in the Mississippi River basin (including tributaries), where they at times reach extremely high numbers, especially in the case of the bighead and silver carp. Bighead, silver, and grass carp have been captured in that watershed from Louisiana to South Dakota, Minnesota, and Ohio. Grass carp are also established in at least one other watershed, in Texas, and may be established elsewhere.
[[File:Asian Carp, Shedd Aquarium, Chicago.webmhd.webm|thumb|Asian carp, Shedd Aquarium, Chicago]]
Grass carp have been captured in all of the [[Great Lakes]] except [[Lake Superior]], but so far, no evidence indicates a reproducing population. No silver carp or black carp have yet been found in any of the Great Lakes. Common carp are abundant throughout the Great Lakes.
A few bighead and grass carp have been captured in Canada's portions of the Great Lakes, but no Asian carp (other than common carp) is known to be established in Canada at this time. Concerns exist that the silver carp may spread into [[Cypress Hills (Canada)|Cypress Hills]] in [[Alberta]] and [[Saskatchewan]] through [[Battle Creek (Milk River tributary)|Battle Creek]], the [[Frenchman River]], and other rivers flowing south out of the hills into the [[Milk River (Alberta–Montana)|Milk River]]. [[Ontario]] does not have Asian carp yet and has used the provincial [[Invasive Species Act (Ontario)|Invasive Species Act]]<ref name="On-Inv-Sp-Act">{{cite web |url=http://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/s15022 |title=Invasive Species Act, 2015, S.O. 2015, c. 22 - Bill 37 }}</ref> to prohibit their import.<ref name="Invading-Species">{{cite web |url=http://www.invadingspecies.com/asian-carps/ |title=Asian Carps – Ontario's Invading Species Awareness Program }}</ref>
In Mexico, grass carp have been established for many years in at least two river systems, where they are considered invasive, but no other Asian carp are known to have been introduced.
==Management in the US==
===Field actions===
[[File:Bighead Carp (13103179035).jpg|thumb|A bighead carp held by a U.S. Geological Survey researcher]]
These fish are thought to be highly detrimental to the environment in parts of the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Caryn |last1=Rousseau |first2=John |last2=Flesher |title=Fears mount over giant carp reaching Great Lakes |date=December 2, 2009 |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hs63FD_eLJEQ2gB94JLywKNtuF2AD9CBF2680 |access-date=December 2, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206091331/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hs63FD_eLJEQ2gB94JLywKNtuF2AD9CBF2680 |archive-date=December 6, 2009 }}</ref> Because of these concerns, the [[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]] convened stakeholders to develop a national plan for the management and control of invasive Asian carp (referring to bighead, silver, black, and grass carp).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://images.google.com/images?hl=en&source=hp&q=mack&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi |format=PDF|title=Draft Management and Control Plan for Asian Carp in the United States |author=Asian Carp Working Group |author2=Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force |date=April 2006 |publisher=Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force |access-date=June 19, 2007}}</ref> The plan was accepted by the National Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force in the fall of 2007.
As of 2016, efforts were being made to reintroduce [[alligator gar]] between Tennessee and Illinois as part of an effort to control Asian carp.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Webber |first1=Tammy |title=Once-hated fish now sought to combat Asian carp |url=https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2016/07/29/alligator-gar-combat-asian-carp/87699102/ |access-date=August 22, 2019 |work=Detroit Free Press |agency=Associated Press |date=July 29, 2016 |language=en}}</ref>
In 2019 the Kentucky declared "War on Carp" and started to use [[Electrofishing|electro-fishing]] and sonic devices to remove 5 million pounds of Asian carp from [[Lake Barkley]] and [[Kentucky Lake]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wcpo.com/news/national/asian-carp-have-taken-over-kentuckys-lakes-and-officials-are-using-shocking-boats-to-count-them |title=Asian carp have taken over Kentucky's lakes}}</ref>
[[Electrofishing|Electro-fishing]] has become an extensive technique in population management of Asian carp throughout the Midwest's river systems. It involves the use of electric waves that stun (non-lethally) the invasive fish at the surface of the water, where fisherman can then corral them into net and remove from the ecosystem. Electro-fishing is also safe for the native species of fish that cohabit the waters where it is implemented, because they avoid the electro-fishing boats by diving deeper into the water column, where as the carp jump near the surface, getting stunned in the process.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not Too Shocking: Your Electrofishing Questions Answered |url=https://dwr.virginia.gov/blog/not-too-shocking-your-electrofishing-questions-answered/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |language=en}}</ref>
There have been conclusive results that have proven electro-fishing to be an effective and efficient way to manage the Asian carp invasion in Midwestern waterways. A typical electro-fishing boat can shock 100 carp per minute of fishing utilizing 110-500 volts of electricity, the fish captured are then humanely killed, and used as food or fertilizer for crops.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hirata |first=Stephanie |date=2017-06-05 |title=Electrofishing to combat growing Carp problem |url=https://krcgtv.com/news/local/electrofishing-to-combat-growing-carp-problem |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=KRCG |language=en}}</ref> However, the technique has sparked questions about potential negative impacts that it may have on the rivers' ecosystems. If electro-fishing boats go over spawning grounds for native fish, it could potentially cause harm to fish embryos.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Snyder |first=Darrel E. |date=2003-12-01 |title=Invited overview: conclusions from a review of electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-004-1095-9 |journal=Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries |language=en |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=445–453 |doi=10.1007/s11160-004-1095-9 |issn=1573-5184}}</ref>
=== Branding ===
In June 2022,<ref>[https://www2.illinois.gov/IISNews/25089-Choose_Copi_Eat_Well_and_Do_Good.pdf "Illinois Department of Natural Resources announcement, June 22, 2022"]</ref> the [[Illinois Department of Natural Resources]] announced a campaign to rebrand Asian carp as Copi, which is a clipping of "copious", referring to the large amount of the fish in the US.<ref>[https://www.creativereview.co.uk/asian-carp-copi-rebrand-span/ "Creative Review: America’s least favourite fish gets a rebrand, June 29, 2022"]</ref> The Copi renaming is a part of a Federal and state initiative to get the public to eat the invasive fish,<ref>[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/can-rebranding-invasive-carp-make-it-more-appealing-to-eat-180980320/ "Smithsonian: Can rebranding invasive carp make it more appealing to eat, June 2022"]</ref> decrease its numbers in Midwestern waterways,<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/news/articles/2022-06-22/from-carp-to-copi-unpopular-fish-getting-a-makeover "U.S. News & World Report: From Carp to Copi, Unpopular fish gets a makeover, June 2022"]</ref> and prevent its introduction to the Great Lakes.<ref name="apnews.com">[https://apnews.com/article/chicago-lakes-michigan-illinois-ce92a5c9e97ab7c4c55e42b43876935d "From ‘carp’ to ‘copi’: unpopular fish getting a makeover"], ''apnews.com'', June 22, 2022.]</ref>
The [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA)'s Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)<ref>[https://www.epa.gov/great-lakes-funding/great-lakes-restoration-initiative-glri EPA.gov]
</ref> is funding the Copi rebrand of Asian carp.<ref name="apnews.com"/>
Success of the Copi rebrand of the invasive fish will be measured using pounds of removal as the key metric. Removal was projected to total 6,000,000 lbs at launch of the Copi rebrand, and increase to 12,000,000 in the first year following. Removal at 2 months from launch exceeded 10,000,000 lbs, on pace to beat year 1 projections.<ref>[https://choosecopi.com/copi-goals ChooseCopi.com]</ref>
===Legislation===
[[File:Jumping silver carp.jpg|thumb|A jumping silver carp]]
The Stop Asian Carp Act of 2011 was introduced to require the Secretary of the Army to study the feasibility of the hydrological separation, such as electric barriers, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/s471/text |title=Text of the Stop Asian Carp Act of 2011 |date=March 3, 2011 |work=[[GovTrack]] |access-date=February 20, 2015}}</ref> The act provided 30 days for the Secretary of the Army to begin a study on the best means of implementing a hydrological separation of the Great Lakes to prevent the introduction of Asian carp. The study requirements included researching techniques that prevented the spread of carp from flooding, wastewater and storm water infrastructure, waterway safety operations, and barge and recreational traffic.
In 2012, the U.S. Senate and House introduced new bills aimed at combating the spread of Asian carp into the Great Lakes by expediting some items of the Stop Asian Carp Act of 2011.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Healing Our Waters|journal=Healthy Lakes Healthy Lives|year=2010|url=http://healthylakes.org/news-events/press-release/new-bills-to-confront-asian-carp-threat-introduced-in-congress/|access-date=April 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802222444/http://healthylakes.org/news-events/press-release/new-bills-to-confront-asian-carp-threat-introduced-in-congress/|archive-date=August 2, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The legislation provides direction to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to complete their study within 18 months on how to separate the Great Lakes from the Mississippi watersheds.
The [[Water Resources Development Act of 2020]] was passed by Congress to provide $25 million to efforts against the invasive species in the [[Tennessee River|Tennessee]] and [[Cumberland River|Cumberland]] [[river basin]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wate.com/news/federal-funding-gives-25m-to-fight-asian-carp-in-tennessee-cumberland-river-basins|website=[[WATE]]|first=Gregory|last=Raucoules|date=December 22, 2020|title=Federal funding gives $25M to fight Asian carp in Tennessee, Cumberland River basins}}</ref>
In April 2023, a new, extensive plan was created by the [[Invasive Carp Regional Coordinating Committee]] to launch over 50 projects to combat the growing Asian carp invasion in the Great Lakes region of the Midwest. The committee is partnering with a collaboration of 26 U.S. and Canadian federal, state, provincial, tribal, regional and local agencies to work on new technologies and strategies to implement against Asian carp spreading to the Great Lakes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Invasive Carp Regional Coordinating Committee Releases 2023 Invasive Carp Action Plan {{!}} AsianCarp.us |url=https://invasivecarp.us/News/2023-Action-Plan.html |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=invasivecarp.us}}</ref>
<u>The 2023 Invasive Carp Action Plan includes the following:</u>
* The Brandon Road Project, led by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to prevent carp from entering the Great Lakes by establishing structural and non-structural control measures in Will County, Illinois.
* The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is working with the committee to upgrade sections of the earthen berm at Little Killbuck Creek, Ohio. This location contains a hydraulic connection between the Mississippi River and the Lake Eire water sheds when the water is high. This projects aims to close this aquatic pathway for the invasive species of carp, and further prevent their spreading into Lake Erie.
* Operating electric dispersal barriers in the Chicago Area Waterway System, to include the [[Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal]] that connects to Lake Michigan.
* The U.S. army Corps of Engineers will also conduct experiments with new technologies in [[underwater acoustics]] and carbon dioxide deterrent barriers to prevent the migration of invasive carp into the Great Lakes region.
* The Department of Natural Resources will also organize commercial fishing of the invasive carp species in the upper Illinois River to reduce the population and the risk of upstream expansion northbound.
==See also==
* [[Green crab]]
* [[Lionfish]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
== References ==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name = "Guangdong Nianjian 1987">{{cite book|title=廣東年鑑 1987|year=1987|publisher=廣東人民出版社|page=379}}</ref>
<ref name = "Lamer et al 2010">{{cite journal | vauthors=Lamer JT, Dolan CR, Petersen JL, etal | journal=North American Journal of Fisheries Management | title=Introgressive Hybridization between Bighead Carp and Silver Carp in the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers | volume=30 | issue=6 | pages=1452–1461 | date= 2010 | doi=10.1577/m10-053.1}}</ref>
<ref name = "Kight 2012">{{cite web | vauthors=Kight P |year=2012 | title=Oregon Sea Grant - Asian Carp fact sheet | url=https://seagrant.oregonstate.edu/sites/seagrant.oregonstate.edu/files/invasive-species/toolkit/asian-carp-factsheet.html}}</ref>
<ref name = "Lu 2023">{{cite web | vauthors=Lu HT | year=2023 | title=“西湖醋鱼”的与“食”俱进_杭州网 | url=https://news.hangzhou.com.cn/xwsp/content/2023-04/12/content_8511180.htm|website=杭州网}}</ref>
<ref name = "FWS Black carp">{{cite web | title=Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service | url=https://fws.gov/species/black-carp-mylopharyngodon-piceus|access-date=April 2, 2024}}</ref>
<ref name = "Howell 2024">{{cite web | vauthors=Howell J | year=2024 | title=Do Asian Carp Taste Good? | url=https://www.chefsresource.com/do-asian-carp-taste-good/|website=Chef's Resource}}</ref>
<ref name = "Wilson 2021">{{cite web | vauthors=Wilson A | year=2021 | title=GO Fish: On World Ocean Day, Chippin launches dog food made from overpopulated carp | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandrawilson1/2021/06/08/go-fish-on-world-ocean-day-chippin-launches-dog-food-made-from-overpopulated-carp/ |website= Forbes}}</ref>
<ref name = "Han 2023">{{cite web | vauthors=Han J | year=2023 | title=Upcycling Invasive Fish Species: An Interview with Mike Mitchell, CEO and Co-Founder of Pezzy Pets | url=https://earth.org/interview/upcycling-invasive-fish-species-an-interview-with-mike-mitchell-ceo-and-co-founder-of-pezzy-pets/ |website=Earth.org}}</ref>
<ref name = "Tyler 2020">{{cite web | vauthors=Tyler J | year=2020 | title=Wilder Harrier’s new dog food incorporating invasive Asian carp | url=https://www.petfoodprocessing.net/articles/14232-wilder-harriers-new-dog-food-incorporating-invasive-asian-carp |website=Pet Food Processing}}</ref>
<ref name= "Dong 2022">{{cite web| vauthors=Dong LP | year=2022 | title=玉泉观鱼池里的大青鱼，怎么少了很多？其实没少，在乘凉 | url=https://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/202205/t20220526_24282402.shtml | website=浙江在线}}</ref>
}}
== External links ==
* [https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatic/fish-and-other-vertebrates/invasive-carp Invasive carp page on invasivespeciesinfo.gov]
* [https://invasivecarp.us/ invasivecarp.us]
* [http://asiancarp.ca/ asiancarp.ca]
* [http://choosecopi.com/ choosecopi.com]
* [https://iiseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Asian-Carp-Cuisine_PrintQuality.pdf Asian carp recipes on iiseagrant.org]
{{carp}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Asian Carps}}
[[Category:Carp]]
[[Category:Fish common names]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of China]]
[[Category:Fish of East Asia]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Asia]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[th:ปลาจีน]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2020}}
-
+I hate niggers
'''Asian carp''' is a grouping of fishes commonly used to mean silver, bighead carp, white and black amur,{{refn | group=note | The definition of ''Asian carp'' can be found including common carp as well, as in Koel et al. (2000).<ref name = "Koel et al 2000" />}} which are regarded [[invasive species in the United States|invasive in the United States]]. These four species, also known as '''copi''', are native to China where they are collectively known as ''qing cao lian yong'' (青草鲢鳙) or ''si da jia yu'' (四大家鱼, "Big Four domesticated fish"){{refn | group=note | In [[Guangdong]], 四大家鱼 means ''silver'', ''bighead carp'', ''white amur'' and ''[[mud carp]]''<ref name = "Guangdong Nianjian 1987" /> (commonly known as ''dace'').}} and are farmed for food.
' |
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Common name for several species of fish</div>
<p>
I hate niggers
<b>Asian carp</b> is a grouping of fishes commonly used to mean silver, bighead carp, white and black amur,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[note 1]</a></sup> which are regarded <a href="/info/en/?search=Invasive_species_in_the_United_States" title="Invasive species in the United States">invasive in the United States</a>. These four species, also known as <b>copi</b>, are native to China where they are collectively known as <i>qing cao lian yong</i> (青草鲢鳙) or <i>si da jia yu</i> (四大家鱼, "Big Four domesticated fish")<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[note 2]</a></sup> and are farmed for food.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Asian_carp_and_related_fish"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Asian carp and related fish</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Other_Cyprinoidei_fish_farmed_in_China"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Other <i>Cyprinoidei</i> fish farmed in China</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Characteristics"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Characteristics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Jumping_of_silver_carp"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Jumping of silver carp</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Recreational_fishing"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Recreational fishing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#As_food"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">As food</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Pet_food"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pet food</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#As_ornamental_fish"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">As ornamental fish</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Introduction_to_North_America"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Introduction to North America</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Environmental_impact"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Environmental impact</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Distribution"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Distribution</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Management_in_the_US"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Management in the US</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Field_actions"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Field actions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Branding"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Branding</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Legislation"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Legislation</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Asian_carp_and_related_fish">Asian carp and related fish</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Asian carp and related fish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Hypophthalmichthys_molitrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypophthalmichthys molitrix">H. molitrix</a></i> – silver carp, silverfin</li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Hypophthalmichthys_nobilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypophthalmichthys nobilis">H. nobilis</a></i> – bighead carp</li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Ctenopharyngodon_idella" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenopharyngodon idella">Ct. idella</a></i> – grass carp, white amur</li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Mylopharyngodon_piceus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mylopharyngodon piceus">M. piceus</a></i> – black carp, black amur</li></ul>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Tolstolobik_b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver carp"><img alt="Silver carp" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tolstolobik_b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.jpg/240px-Tolstolobik_b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tolstolobik_b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.jpg/360px-Tolstolobik_b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tolstolobik_b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.jpg/480px-Tolstolobik_b%C3%ADl%C3%BD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/info/en/?search=Silver_carp" title="Silver carp">Silver carp</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Bighead_carp_(March_2012).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bighead carp"><img alt="Bighead carp" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bighead_carp_%28March_2012%29.jpg/270px-Bighead_carp_%28March_2012%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bighead_carp_%28March_2012%29.jpg/405px-Bighead_carp_%28March_2012%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bighead_carp_%28March_2012%29.jpg/540px-Bighead_carp_%28March_2012%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/info/en/?search=Bighead_carp" title="Bighead carp">Bighead carp</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Hal_-_Ctenopharyngodon_idella_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="White amur"><img alt="White amur" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hal_-_Ctenopharyngodon_idella_-_1.jpg/240px-Hal_-_Ctenopharyngodon_idella_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hal_-_Ctenopharyngodon_idella_-_1.jpg/360px-Hal_-_Ctenopharyngodon_idella_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hal_-_Ctenopharyngodon_idella_-_1.jpg/480px-Hal_-_Ctenopharyngodon_idella_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3486" data-file-height="2615" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/info/en/?search=White_amur" class="mw-redirect" title="White amur">White amur</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Juvenile_black_carp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Black amur"><img alt="Black amur" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Juvenile_black_carp.jpg/270px-Juvenile_black_carp.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Juvenile_black_carp.jpg/405px-Juvenile_black_carp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Juvenile_black_carp.jpg/540px-Juvenile_black_carp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="/info/en/?search=Black_amur" class="mw-redirect" title="Black amur">Black amur</a></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_Cyprinoidei_fish_farmed_in_China">Other <i>Cyprinoidei</i> fish farmed in China</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other Cyprinoidei fish farmed in China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Common carp, amur carp and crucian carp are also common food fishes in China and elsewhere. Goldfish, though, are cultivated mainly as pet fish.
</p>
<ul><li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Cyprinus_carpio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprinus carpio">C. carpio</a></i> – common carp</li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Cyprinus_rubrofuscus" title="Cyprinus rubrofuscus">C. rubrofuscus</a></i> – Amur carp</li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Carassius_auratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carassius auratus">C. auratus</a></i> – goldfish</li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Carassius_carassius" class="mw-redirect" title="Carassius carassius">C. carasius</a></i> – crucian carp, crucian</li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Cirrhinus_molitorella" title="Cirrhinus molitorella">C. molitorella</a></i> – dace, mud carp</li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Megalobrama_amblycephala" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalobrama amblycephala">M. amblycephala</a></i> – blunt snout bream, Wuchang bream</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Characteristics">Characteristics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Silver_and_bighead_carp_hybrid_caught_from_a_pond_of_NUBIP,_Ukraine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Silver_and_bighead_carp_hybrid_caught_from_a_pond_of_NUBIP%2C_Ukraine.png/220px-Silver_and_bighead_carp_hybrid_caught_from_a_pond_of_NUBIP%2C_Ukraine.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Silver_and_bighead_carp_hybrid_caught_from_a_pond_of_NUBIP%2C_Ukraine.png/330px-Silver_and_bighead_carp_hybrid_caught_from_a_pond_of_NUBIP%2C_Ukraine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Silver_and_bighead_carp_hybrid_caught_from_a_pond_of_NUBIP%2C_Ukraine.png/440px-Silver_and_bighead_carp_hybrid_caught_from_a_pond_of_NUBIP%2C_Ukraine.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>A bighead-silver carp hybrid</figcaption></figure>
<p>These four fish have been cultivated in <a href="/info/en/?search=Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> in <a href="/info/en/?search=China" title="China">China</a> for over 1,000 years.
</p><p>Bighead and silver carp are the most important fish, worldwide, in terms of total aquaculture production.<sup id="cite_ref-kolar_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kolar-5">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>Asian carp are big fish,<sup id="cite_ref-Kight_2012_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kight_2012-6">[4]</a></sup> with black amur adults grow as big as 33 lbs (15 kg) in average, with the biggest one weighing 150 lbs (70 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-FWS_Black_carp_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FWS_Black_carp-7">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>Bighead and silver carp are able to breed and produce offspring.<sup id="cite_ref-Lamer_et_al_2010_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamer_et_al_2010-8">[6]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Jumping_of_silver_carp">Jumping of silver carp</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Jumping of silver carp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Asian_carp_(6887439853).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Asian_carp_%286887439853%29.jpg/220px-Asian_carp_%286887439853%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Asian_carp_%286887439853%29.jpg/330px-Asian_carp_%286887439853%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Asian_carp_%286887439853%29.jpg/440px-Asian_carp_%286887439853%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Silver carp jumping out, Missouri</figcaption></figure>
<p><a href="/info/en/?search=Silver_carp" title="Silver carp">Silver carp</a> are easily frightened by boats, which cause them to leap between 2.5–3.0 metres (8–10 ft) into the air, and numerous boaters have been severely injured by collisions with the fish.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a></sup> According to the <a href="/info/en/?search=Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>, "reported injuries include cuts from fins, black eyes, broken bones, back injuries, and concussions".<sup id="cite_ref-epa.gov_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epa.gov-10">[8]</a></sup> This behavior has sometimes been attributed to the very similar bighead carp, but these do not normally jump when frightened.<sup id="cite_ref-kolar_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kolar-5">[3]</a></sup> Catching jumping carp in nets has become part of the Redneck Fishing Tournament in <a href="/info/en/?search=Bath,_Illinois" title="Bath, Illinois">Bath, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Recreational_fishing">Recreational fishing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recreational fishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Grass_carp_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Grass_carp_1.jpg/220px-Grass_carp_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Grass_carp_1.jpg/330px-Grass_carp_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Grass_carp_1.jpg/440px-Grass_carp_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>A white amur caught on <a href="/info/en/?search=Monofilament_fishing_line" title="Monofilament fishing line">monofilament fishing line</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>The <a href="/info/en/?search=Grass_carp" title="Grass carp">grass carp</a> (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>), and <a href="/info/en/?search=Black_carp" title="Black carp">black carp</a> (<i>Mylopharyngodon piceus</i>) as well as <a href="/info/en/?search=Common_carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Common carp">common carp</a> (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) are popular targets for recreational fisherman in the Midwest, despite their status of being an invasive species. These species are unique because of their ability to be caught with the traditional fishing technique of using a fishing rod, reel and a hook.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a></sup> Other invasive carp species – the <a href="/info/en/?search=Silver_carp" title="Silver carp">Silver carp</a> (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>) and <a href="/info/en/?search=Bighead_carp" title="Bighead carp">bighead carp</a> (<i>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</i>) are not traditionally caught on rod and reel because they feed on plankton, therefore they do not bite on baited hooks or lures.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="As_food">As food</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: As food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Asian carp have been a popular food fish in Asia for thousands of years. In North America, the various Asian carp are often lumped with the common carp and seen as undesirable <a href="/info/en/?search=Trash_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Trash fish">trash fish</a> because of the unpopularity of common carp as food in this region.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a></sup> Furthermore, even the common carp, which was introduced to North America from Europe in the 17th century, are important <a href="/info/en/?search=Food_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Food fish">food fish</a> outside North America.
</p><p>The pearly white flesh — though complicated by intermuscular bones — has a mild taste.<sup id="cite_ref-Howell_2024_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howell_2024-15">[13]</a></sup> The <a href="/info/en/?search=Filter-feeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Filter-feeding">filter-feeding</a> silver and bighead carp have much lower <a href="/info/en/?search=Heavy_metal_contamination" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy metal contamination">heavy metal contamination</a> (such as <a href="/info/en/?search=Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>) than most other fish because they are <a href="/info/en/?search=Algae_eater" title="Algae eater">algivorous</a> <a href="/info/en/?search=Consumer_(food_chain)#Levels_of_the_food_chain" title="Consumer (food chain)">primary consumers</a> that do not eat other <a href="/info/en/?search=Aquatic_invertebrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquatic invertebrate">aquatic invertebrates</a> or fishes and therefore are the least impacted by <a href="/info/en/?search=Biomagnification" title="Biomagnification">biomagnification</a>.
</p><p>A famous dish in Hangzhou called <i><a href="/info/en/?search=West_Lake_Fish_in_Vinegar_Gravy" title="West Lake Fish in Vinegar Gravy">Xi Hu cu yu</a></i> (<a href="/info/en/?search=Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">西湖醋鱼</span>), traditionally made of white amur, is a dish of controversial flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-Lu_2023_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lu_2023-16">[14]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Steamed_Fish_Head_with_Diced_Chili_(20150726122046).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duo jiao yu tou (剁椒鱼头), steamed bighead carp, served with noodles, Hunan cuisine"><img alt="Duo jiao yu tou (剁椒鱼头), steamed bighead carp, served with noodles, Hunan cuisine" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Steamed_Fish_Head_with_Diced_Chili_%2820150726122046%29.jpg/405px-Steamed_Fish_Head_with_Diced_Chili_%2820150726122046%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Steamed_Fish_Head_with_Diced_Chili_%2820150726122046%29.jpg/608px-Steamed_Fish_Head_with_Diced_Chili_%2820150726122046%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Steamed_Fish_Head_with_Diced_Chili_%2820150726122046%29.jpg/810px-Steamed_Fish_Head_with_Diced_Chili_%2820150726122046%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3146" data-file-height="2098" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Duo jiao yu tou (剁椒鱼头), steamed bighead carp, served with noodles, <a href="/info/en/?search=Hunan_cuisine" title="Hunan cuisine">Hunan cuisine</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:HK_SKD_TKO_%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E6%BE%B3_Tseung_Kwan_O_Po_Hong_Road_Beverly_Garden_market_shop_%E9%87%91%E5%96%9C%E5%8C%85%E9%BB%9E%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F_Kam_Hey_Bao_Dim_Food_cooked_October_2022_Px3_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Steamed white amur (蒸鯇魚, front) in a Hong Kong restaurant"><img alt="Steamed white amur (蒸鯇魚, front) in a Hong Kong restaurant" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/HK_SKD_TKO_%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E6%BE%B3_Tseung_Kwan_O_Po_Hong_Road_Beverly_Garden_market_shop_%E9%87%91%E5%96%9C%E5%8C%85%E9%BB%9E%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F_Kam_Hey_Bao_Dim_Food_cooked_October_2022_Px3_03.jpg/360px-HK_SKD_TKO_%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E6%BE%B3_Tseung_Kwan_O_Po_Hong_Road_Beverly_Garden_market_shop_%E9%87%91%E5%96%9C%E5%8C%85%E9%BB%9E%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F_Kam_Hey_Bao_Dim_Food_cooked_October_2022_Px3_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/HK_SKD_TKO_%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E6%BE%B3_Tseung_Kwan_O_Po_Hong_Road_Beverly_Garden_market_shop_%E9%87%91%E5%96%9C%E5%8C%85%E9%BB%9E%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F_Kam_Hey_Bao_Dim_Food_cooked_October_2022_Px3_03.jpg/540px-HK_SKD_TKO_%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E6%BE%B3_Tseung_Kwan_O_Po_Hong_Road_Beverly_Garden_market_shop_%E9%87%91%E5%96%9C%E5%8C%85%E9%BB%9E%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F_Kam_Hey_Bao_Dim_Food_cooked_October_2022_Px3_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/HK_SKD_TKO_%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E6%BE%B3_Tseung_Kwan_O_Po_Hong_Road_Beverly_Garden_market_shop_%E9%87%91%E5%96%9C%E5%8C%85%E9%BB%9E%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F_Kam_Hey_Bao_Dim_Food_cooked_October_2022_Px3_03.jpg/720px-HK_SKD_TKO_%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E6%BE%B3_Tseung_Kwan_O_Po_Hong_Road_Beverly_Garden_market_shop_%E9%87%91%E5%96%9C%E5%8C%85%E9%BB%9E%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F_Kam_Hey_Bao_Dim_Food_cooked_October_2022_Px3_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Steamed white amur (蒸鯇魚, front) in a <a href="/info/en/?search=Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a> restaurant</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Ciba-style_Grass_Carp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ciba yu (糍粑鱼), pan-fried marinated white amur, Hubei cuisine"><img alt="Ciba yu (糍粑鱼), pan-fried marinated white amur, Hubei cuisine" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ciba-style_Grass_Carp.jpg/360px-Ciba-style_Grass_Carp.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ciba-style_Grass_Carp.jpg/541px-Ciba-style_Grass_Carp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ciba-style_Grass_Carp.jpg/721px-Ciba-style_Grass_Carp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3924" data-file-height="2941" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Ciba yu (糍粑鱼), pan-fried marinated white amur, <a href="/info/en/?search=Hubei_cuisine" title="Hubei cuisine">Hubei cuisine</a></div>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Copi is available in restaurants in Illinois, Arizona and Washington, DC.; in 7 fish markets in Illinois and Tennessee; and through 7 fish distributors in Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Maryland and Wisconsin.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pet_food">Pet food</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pet food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>There are companies making pet food using silver carp in the US<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_2021_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_2021-18">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Han_2023_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Han_2023-19">[17]</a></sup> and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-Tyler_2020_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyler_2020-20">[18]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="As_ornamental_fish">As ornamental fish</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: As ornamental fish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Yuquan (<a href="/info/en/?search=Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">玉泉</span>), one of the well-known scenic spots in Hangzhou, has a large fish pond alive with hundreds of fish of various colors. As of 2022, many of the fish there are <a href="/info/en/?search=Black_amur" class="mw-redirect" title="Black amur">black amur</a>, with additional <a href="/info/en/?search=Bighead_carp" title="Bighead carp">bighead carp</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Nishikigoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nishikigoi">nishikigoi</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Sharpbelly" title="Sharpbelly">sharpbelly</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=White_amur" class="mw-redirect" title="White amur">white amur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dong_2022_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dong_2022-21">[19]</a></sup> A three-character inscription, <i>Yu Le Guo</i> (<a href="/info/en/?search=Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">鱼乐国</span>), meaning "fish's paradise", is set above one end of the pond in the calligraphy of a famous gentry-scholar of the late <a href="/info/en/?search=Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a> named Dong Qichang (<a href="/info/en/?search=Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">董其昌</span>).
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Introduction_to_North_America">Introduction to North America</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Introduction to North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/info/en/?search=Asian_carp_in_North_America" title="Asian carp in North America">Asian carp in North America</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Environmental impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Some species of Asian carp cause harm when they are <a href="/info/en/?search=Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced</a> to new environments. The black carp feeds on native mussels and snails, some of which are already endangered. Grass carp can alter the <a href="/info/en/?search=Food_web" title="Food web">food webs</a> of a new environment by altering the communities of plants, invertebrates, and fish. Silver carp feed on the <a href="/info/en/?search=Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a> necessary for larval fish and native mussels.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>Bighead and silver carp feed by filtering plankton from the water. The extremely high abundance of bighead and silver carp has caused great concern because of the potential for competition with native species for food and living space. Because of their filter-feeding habits, they are difficult to capture by normal angling methods.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In the late 19th century, the common carp was distributed widely throughout the United States by the <a href="/info/en/?search=United_States_Fish_Commission" title="United States Fish Commission">United States Fish Commission</a> as a foodfish.<sup id="cite_ref-NASCyprinusCarpio_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASCyprinusCarpio-23">[21]</a></sup>
In the 1970s, fish farmers in mostly southern states began importing Asian carp from China to help clean their commercial ponds.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a></sup> The rise in the populations of bighead and silver carp has been dramatic where they are established in the Mississippi River basin.<sup id="cite_ref-Koel_et_al_2000_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koel_et_al_2000-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>Because of their prominence, and because they were imported to the United States much later than other carp native to Asia, the term "Asian carp" is often used with the intended meaning of only grass, black, silver, and bighead carp. In the U.S., Asian carp are considered to be invasive species. Of the Asian carp introduced to the United States, only two (crucian and black carp) are not known to be firmly established. Crucian carp is probably <a href="/info/en/?search=Local_extinction" title="Local extinction">extirpated</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a></sup> Since 2003, however, several adults, fertile black carp have been captured from the <a href="/info/en/?search=Atchafalaya_River" title="Atchafalaya River">Atchafalaya</a> and other rivers connected to the <a href="/info/en/?search=Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a></sup> Dr. Leo Nico, in the book <i>Black carp: Biological Synopsis and Risk Assessment of an Introduced Fish</i>, reports that black carp are probably established in the United States. In <a href="/info/en/?search=South_Florida" title="South Florida">South Florida</a>, the local water management district actually stocks the canals with sterilized grass carp to control the <a href="/info/en/?search=Hydrilla" title="Hydrilla">hydrilla</a> plant, which tends to block the locks and drainage valves used to control water flow from the <a href="/info/en/?search=Everglades" title="Everglades">Everglades</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Distribution">Distribution</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Bighead, silver, and grass carp are known to be well-established in the Mississippi River basin (including tributaries), where they at times reach extremely high numbers, especially in the case of the bighead and silver carp. Bighead, silver, and grass carp have been captured in that watershed from Louisiana to South Dakota, Minnesota, and Ohio. Grass carp are also established in at least one other watershed, in Texas, and may be established elsewhere.
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm/220px--Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="123" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="Asian_Carp,_Shedd_Aquarium,_Chicago.webmhd.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Asian_Carp,_Shedd_Aquarium,_Chicago.webmhd.webm"><source src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1080" data-height="606" /><source src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm.m3u8" type="application/vnd.apple.mpegurl" data-transcodekey="m3u8" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm/Asian_Carp%2C_Shedd_Aquarium%2C_Chicago.webmhd.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Asian carp, Shedd Aquarium, Chicago</figcaption></figure>
<p>Grass carp have been captured in all of the <a href="/info/en/?search=Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> except <a href="/info/en/?search=Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a>, but so far, no evidence indicates a reproducing population. No silver carp or black carp have yet been found in any of the Great Lakes. Common carp are abundant throughout the Great Lakes.
</p><p>A few bighead and grass carp have been captured in Canada's portions of the Great Lakes, but no Asian carp (other than common carp) is known to be established in Canada at this time. Concerns exist that the silver carp may spread into <a href="/info/en/?search=Cypress_Hills_(Canada)" title="Cypress Hills (Canada)">Cypress Hills</a> in <a href="/info/en/?search=Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> through <a href="/info/en/?search=Battle_Creek_(Milk_River_tributary)" title="Battle Creek (Milk River tributary)">Battle Creek</a>, the <a href="/info/en/?search=Frenchman_River" title="Frenchman River">Frenchman River</a>, and other rivers flowing south out of the hills into the <a href="/info/en/?search=Milk_River_(Alberta%E2%80%93Montana)" title="Milk River (Alberta–Montana)">Milk River</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> does not have Asian carp yet and has used the provincial <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Invasive_Species_Act_(Ontario)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasive Species Act (Ontario) (page does not exist)">Invasive Species Act</a><sup id="cite_ref-On-Inv-Sp-Act_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-On-Inv-Sp-Act-28">[26]</a></sup> to prohibit their import.<sup id="cite_ref-Invading-Species_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Invading-Species-29">[27]</a></sup>
</p><p>In Mexico, grass carp have been established for many years in at least two river systems, where they are considered invasive, but no other Asian carp are known to have been introduced.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Management_in_the_US">Management in the US</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Management in the US"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Field_actions">Field actions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Field actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Bighead_Carp_(13103179035).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bighead_Carp_%2813103179035%29.jpg/220px-Bighead_Carp_%2813103179035%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bighead_Carp_%2813103179035%29.jpg/330px-Bighead_Carp_%2813103179035%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bighead_Carp_%2813103179035%29.jpg/440px-Bighead_Carp_%2813103179035%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A bighead carp held by a U.S. Geological Survey researcher</figcaption></figure>
<p>These fish are thought to be highly detrimental to the environment in parts of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a></sup> Because of these concerns, the <a href="/info/en/?search=U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> convened stakeholders to develop a national plan for the management and control of invasive Asian carp (referring to bighead, silver, black, and grass carp).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a></sup> The plan was accepted by the National Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force in the fall of 2007.
</p><p>As of 2016, efforts were being made to reintroduce <a href="/info/en/?search=Alligator_gar" title="Alligator gar">alligator gar</a> between Tennessee and Illinois as part of an effort to control Asian carp.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2019 the Kentucky declared "War on Carp" and started to use <a href="/info/en/?search=Electrofishing" title="Electrofishing">electro-fishing</a> and sonic devices to remove 5 million pounds of Asian carp from <a href="/info/en/?search=Lake_Barkley" title="Lake Barkley">Lake Barkley</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Kentucky_Lake" title="Kentucky Lake">Kentucky Lake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/info/en/?search=Electrofishing" title="Electrofishing">Electro-fishing</a> has become an extensive technique in population management of Asian carp throughout the Midwest's river systems. It involves the use of electric waves that stun (non-lethally) the invasive fish at the surface of the water, where fisherman can then corral them into net and remove from the ecosystem. Electro-fishing is also safe for the native species of fish that cohabit the waters where it is implemented, because they avoid the electro-fishing boats by diving deeper into the water column, where as the carp jump near the surface, getting stunned in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a></sup>
</p><p>There have been conclusive results that have proven electro-fishing to be an effective and efficient way to manage the Asian carp invasion in Midwestern waterways. A typical electro-fishing boat can shock 100 carp per minute of fishing utilizing 110-500 volts of electricity, the fish captured are then humanely killed, and used as food or fertilizer for crops.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a></sup> However, the technique has sparked questions about potential negative impacts that it may have on the rivers' ecosystems. If electro-fishing boats go over spawning grounds for native fish, it could potentially cause harm to fish embryos.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Branding">Branding</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Branding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In June 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a></sup> the <a href="/info/en/?search=Illinois_Department_of_Natural_Resources" title="Illinois Department of Natural Resources">Illinois Department of Natural Resources</a> announced a campaign to rebrand Asian carp as Copi, which is a clipping of "copious", referring to the large amount of the fish in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a></sup> The Copi renaming is a part of a Federal and state initiative to get the public to eat the invasive fish,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a></sup> decrease its numbers in Midwestern waterways,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a></sup> and prevent its introduction to the Great Lakes.<sup id="cite_ref-apnews.com_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apnews.com-41">[39]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/info/en/?search=United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA)'s Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a></sup> is funding the Copi rebrand of Asian carp.<sup id="cite_ref-apnews.com_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apnews.com-41">[39]</a></sup>
</p><p>Success of the Copi rebrand of the invasive fish will be measured using pounds of removal as the key metric. Removal was projected to total 6,000,000 lbs at launch of the Copi rebrand, and increase to 12,000,000 in the first year following. Removal at 2 months from launch exceeded 10,000,000 lbs, on pace to beat year 1 projections.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Legislation">Legislation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Jumping_silver_carp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Jumping_silver_carp.jpg/220px-Jumping_silver_carp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Jumping_silver_carp.jpg/330px-Jumping_silver_carp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Jumping_silver_carp.jpg/440px-Jumping_silver_carp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="1138" /></a><figcaption>A jumping silver carp</figcaption></figure>
<p>The Stop Asian Carp Act of 2011 was introduced to require the Secretary of the Army to study the feasibility of the hydrological separation, such as electric barriers, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a></sup> The act provided 30 days for the Secretary of the Army to begin a study on the best means of implementing a hydrological separation of the Great Lakes to prevent the introduction of Asian carp. The study requirements included researching techniques that prevented the spread of carp from flooding, wastewater and storm water infrastructure, waterway safety operations, and barge and recreational traffic.
</p><p>In 2012, the U.S. Senate and House introduced new bills aimed at combating the spread of Asian carp into the Great Lakes by expediting some items of the Stop Asian Carp Act of 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a></sup> The legislation provides direction to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to complete their study within 18 months on how to separate the Great Lakes from the Mississippi watersheds.
</p><p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Water_Resources_Development_Act_of_2020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water Resources Development Act of 2020 (page does not exist)">Water Resources Development Act of 2020</a> was passed by Congress to provide $25 million to efforts against the invasive species in the <a href="/info/en/?search=Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Cumberland_River" title="Cumberland River">Cumberland</a> <a href="/info/en/?search=River_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="River basin">river basins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2023, a new, extensive plan was created by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Invasive_Carp_Regional_Coordinating_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasive Carp Regional Coordinating Committee (page does not exist)">Invasive Carp Regional Coordinating Committee</a> to launch over 50 projects to combat the growing Asian carp invasion in the Great Lakes region of the Midwest. The committee is partnering with a collaboration of 26 U.S. and Canadian federal, state, provincial, tribal, regional and local agencies to work on new technologies and strategies to implement against Asian carp spreading to the Great Lakes.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a></sup>
</p><p><u>The 2023 Invasive Carp Action Plan includes the following:</u>
</p>
<ul><li>The Brandon Road Project, led by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to prevent carp from entering the Great Lakes by establishing structural and non-structural control measures in Will County, Illinois.</li>
<li>The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is working with the committee to upgrade sections of the earthen berm at Little Killbuck Creek, Ohio. This location contains a hydraulic connection between the Mississippi River and the Lake Eire water sheds when the water is high. This projects aims to close this aquatic pathway for the invasive species of carp, and further prevent their spreading into Lake Erie.</li>
<li>Operating electric dispersal barriers in the Chicago Area Waterway System, to include the <a href="/info/en/?search=Chicago_Sanitary_and_Ship_Canal" title="Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal">Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal</a> that connects to Lake Michigan.</li>
<li>The U.S. army Corps of Engineers will also conduct experiments with new technologies in <a href="/info/en/?search=Underwater_acoustics" title="Underwater acoustics">underwater acoustics</a> and carbon dioxide deterrent barriers to prevent the migration of invasive carp into the Great Lakes region.</li>
<li>The Department of Natural Resources will also organize commercial fishing of the invasive carp species in the upper Illinois River to reduce the population and the risk of upstream expansion northbound.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Green_crab" class="mw-redirect" title="Green crab">Green crab</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Lionfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lionfish">Lionfish</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> The definition of <i>Asian carp</i> can be found including common carp as well, as in Koel et al. (2000).<sup id="cite_ref-Koel_et_al_2000_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koel_et_al_2000-1">[1]</a></sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> In <a href="/info/en/?search=Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, 四大家鱼 means <i>silver</i>, <i>bighead carp</i>, <i>white amur</i> and <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Mud_carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mud carp">mud carp</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Guangdong_Nianjian_1987_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guangdong_Nianjian_1987-3">[2]</a></sup> (commonly known as <i>dace</i>).</span>
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</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1217336898"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Koel_et_al_2000-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koel_et_al_2000_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koel_et_al_2000_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKoelKevin_S._IronsEric_Ratcliff2000" class="citation web cs1">Koel, Todd M.; Kevin S. Irons; Eric Ratcliff (November 2000). <a class="external text" href="https://www.umesc.usgs.gov/reports_publications/psrs/psr_2000_05.html">"Asian Carp Invasion of the Upper Mississippi River System"</a>. Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070621153825/http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/reports_publications/psrs/psr_2000_05.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asian+Carp+Invasion+of+the+Upper+Mississippi+River+System&rft.pub=Upper+Midwest+Environmental+Sciences+Center&rft.date=2000-11&rft.aulast=Koel&rft.aufirst=Todd+M.&rft.au=Kevin+S.+Irons&rft.au=Eric+Ratcliff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umesc.usgs.gov%2Freports_publications%2Fpsrs%2Fpsr_2000_05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Guangdong_Nianjian_1987-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guangdong_Nianjian_1987_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>廣東年鑑 1987</i>. 廣東人民出版社. 1987. p. 379.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E5%B9%B4%E9%91%91+1987&rft.pages=379&rft.pub=%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-kolar-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kolar_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kolar_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kolar et al. 2007. Bigheaded carp: Biological synopsis and environmental risk assessment. <a href="/info/en/?search=American_Fisheries_Society" title="American Fisheries Society">American Fisheries Society</a>, Bethesda, MD.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Kight_2012-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kight_2012_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKight2012" class="citation web cs1">Kight P (2012). <a class="external text" href="https://seagrant.oregonstate.edu/sites/seagrant.oregonstate.edu/files/invasive-species/toolkit/asian-carp-factsheet.html">"Oregon Sea Grant - Asian Carp fact sheet"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oregon+Sea+Grant+-+Asian+Carp+fact+sheet&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Kight&rft.aufirst=P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseagrant.oregonstate.edu%2Fsites%2Fseagrant.oregonstate.edu%2Ffiles%2Finvasive-species%2Ftoolkit%2Fasian-carp-factsheet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FWS_Black_carp-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FWS_Black_carp_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://fws.gov/species/black-carp-mylopharyngodon-piceus">"Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+Carp+%28Mylopharyngodon+piceus%29+%26%23124%3B+U.S.+Fish+%26+Wildlife+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffws.gov%2Fspecies%2Fblack-carp-mylopharyngodon-piceus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Lamer_et_al_2010-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lamer_et_al_2010_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFLamerDolanPetersen2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lamer JT, Dolan CR, Petersen JL, et al. (2010). "Introgressive Hybridization between Bighead Carp and Silver Carp in the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers". <i>North American Journal of Fisheries Management</i>. <b>30</b> (6): 1452–1461. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1577%2Fm10-053.1">10.1577/m10-053.1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+American+Journal+of+Fisheries+Management&rft.atitle=Introgressive+Hybridization+between+Bighead+Carp+and+Silver+Carp+in+the+Mississippi+and+Illinois+Rivers&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1452-1461&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1577%2Fm10-053.1&rft.aulast=Lamer&rft.aufirst=JT&rft.au=Dolan%2C+CR&rft.au=Petersen%2C+JL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.lib.niu.edu/2002/oi020508.html">P.J. Perea, <i>Asian Carp Invasion</i>, OutdoorIllinois, May 2002 (Ill. Dept. Natural Resources), at 8</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/info/en/?search=ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1072-7175">1072-7175</a>, Retrieved February 19, 2008.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-epa.gov-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-epa.gov_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/EPA-IMPACT/2007/July/Day-10/i13371.htm"><i>Injurious Wildlife Species; Silver Carp and Largescale Silver Carp</i>, Federal Register: July 10, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 131)</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crossett, Larry, <a class="external text" href="https://www.pekintimes.com/news/x979354009/Redneck-Fishing-Tournament-draws-crowds">"Redneck Fishing Tournament draws crowds"</a> <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120810013018/http://www.pekintimes.com/news/x979354009/Redneck-Fishing-Tournament-draws-crowds">Archived</a> August 10, 2012, at the <a href="/info/en/?search=Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, GateHouse News Service/<i>Pekin Times</i>, August 9, 2010 8:00 AM.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://improvedcarpangling.com/what-to-look-for-in-a-carp-fishing-hook/">"What To Look For In A Carp Fishing Hook - Improved Carp Angling"</a>. April 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+To+Look+For+In+A+Carp+Fishing+Hook+-+Improved+Carp+Angling&rft.date=2018-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimprovedcarpangling.com%2Fwhat-to-look-for-in-a-carp-fishing-hook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFbauer2016" class="citation web cs1">bauer, daryl (September 14, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://magazine.outdoornebraska.gov/2016/09/hook-line-asian-carp/">"Hook & Line Asian Carp????? •Nebraskaland Magazine"</a>. <i>Nebraskaland Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nebraskaland+Magazine&rft.atitle=Hook+%26+Line+Asian+Carp%3F%3F%3F%3F%3F+%E2%80%A2Nebraskaland+Magazine&rft.date=2016-09-14&rft.aulast=bauer&rft.aufirst=daryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagazine.outdoornebraska.gov%2F2016%2F09%2Fhook-line-asian-carp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gallagher, Jim, <a class="external text" href="https://www.stltoday.com/business/local/article_9492759b-5968-5021-9c13-23168664f0d3.html">"Let them eat carp: Illinois to feed pest fish to the poor"</a>, <i>St. Louis Post-Dispatch</i>, July 14, 2011 4:45 pm.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Howell_2024-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Howell_2024_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHowell2024" class="citation web cs1">Howell J (2024). <a class="external text" href="https://www.chefsresource.com/do-asian-carp-taste-good/">"Do Asian Carp Taste Good?"</a>. <i>Chef's Resource</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chef%27s+Resource&rft.atitle=Do+Asian+Carp+Taste+Good%3F&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chefsresource.com%2Fdo-asian-carp-taste-good%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Lu_2023-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lu_2023_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFLu2023" class="citation web cs1">Lu HT (2023). <a class="external text" href="https://news.hangzhou.com.cn/xwsp/content/2023-04/12/content_8511180.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"西湖醋鱼"的与"食"俱进_杭州网"</a>. <i>杭州网</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9C%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96%E9%86%8B%E9%B1%BC%E2%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8E%E2%80%9C%E9%A3%9F%E2%80%9D%E4%BF%B1%E8%BF%9B_%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E7%BD%91&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=HT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.hangzhou.com.cn%2Fxwsp%2Fcontent%2F2023-04%2F12%2Fcontent_8511180.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://choosecopi.com/fish-near-me">ChooseCopi.com</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Wilson_2021-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_2021_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2021" class="citation web cs1">Wilson A (2021). <a class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandrawilson1/2021/06/08/go-fish-on-world-ocean-day-chippin-launches-dog-food-made-from-overpopulated-carp/">"GO Fish: On World Ocean Day, Chippin launches dog food made from overpopulated carp"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=GO+Fish%3A+On+World+Ocean+Day%2C+Chippin+launches+dog+food+made+from+overpopulated+carp&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Falexandrawilson1%2F2021%2F06%2F08%2Fgo-fish-on-world-ocean-day-chippin-launches-dog-food-made-from-overpopulated-carp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Han_2023-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Han_2023_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHan2023" class="citation web cs1">Han J (2023). <a class="external text" href="https://earth.org/interview/upcycling-invasive-fish-species-an-interview-with-mike-mitchell-ceo-and-co-founder-of-pezzy-pets/">"Upcycling Invasive Fish Species: An Interview with Mike Mitchell, CEO and Co-Founder of Pezzy Pets"</a>. <i>Earth.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earth.org&rft.atitle=Upcycling+Invasive+Fish+Species%3A+An+Interview+with+Mike+Mitchell%2C+CEO+and+Co-Founder+of+Pezzy+Pets&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearth.org%2Finterview%2Fupcycling-invasive-fish-species-an-interview-with-mike-mitchell-ceo-and-co-founder-of-pezzy-pets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Tyler_2020-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tyler_2020_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFTyler2020" class="citation web cs1">Tyler J (2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.petfoodprocessing.net/articles/14232-wilder-harriers-new-dog-food-incorporating-invasive-asian-carp">"Wilder Harrier's new dog food incorporating invasive Asian carp"</a>. <i>Pet Food Processing</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pet+Food+Processing&rft.atitle=Wilder+Harrier%E2%80%99s+new+dog+food+incorporating+invasive+Asian+carp&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Tyler&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.petfoodprocessing.net%2Farticles%2F14232-wilder-harriers-new-dog-food-incorporating-invasive-asian-carp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Dong_2022-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dong_2022_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFDong2022" class="citation web cs1">Dong LP (2022). <a class="external text" href="https://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/202205/t20220526_24282402.shtml">"玉泉观鱼池里的大青鱼，怎么少了很多？其实没少，在乘凉"</a>. <i>浙江在线</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF&rft.atitle=%E7%8E%89%E6%B3%89%E8%A7%82%E9%B1%BC%E6%B1%A0%E9%87%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%92%E9%B1%BC%EF%BC%8C%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%B0%91%E4%BA%86%E5%BE%88%E5%A4%9A%EF%BC%9F%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%9E%E6%B2%A1%E5%B0%91%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%A8%E4%B9%98%E5%87%89&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=LP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzjnews.zjol.com.cn%2F202205%2Ft20220526_24282402.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/profile/silver-carp">Silver Carp</a> <i>USDA National Agricultural Library</i>. Retrieved August 29, 2019.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-NASCyprinusCarpio-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NASCyprinusCarpio_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFFuller2005" class="citation web cs1">Fuller, Pam (June 7, 2005). <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213132411/http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509">"Species FactSheet: Cyprinus carpio"</a>. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509">the original</a> on December 13, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+FactSheet%3A+Cyprinus+carpio&rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2005-06-07&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Pam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnas.er.usgs.gov%2Fqueries%2FFactSheet.asp%3FspeciesID%3D509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220062204/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/the-carp-must-die-02162012.html">The Carp Must Die</a> in <a href="/info/en/?search=BusinessWeek" class="mw-redirect" title="BusinessWeek">BusinessWeek</a>, February 16, 2012</span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://host.madison.com/news/local/great-lakes-states-sue-to-stop-asian-carp-invasion/article_fb5b0e6a-ffc8-11de-89ef-001cc4c002e0.html">Great Lakes states sue to stop Asian carp invasion</a> in <i>The Capital Times</i>, January 13, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFFuller2005" class="citation web cs1">Fuller, Pam (June 7, 2005). <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213132411/http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509">"Species FactSheet: Carassius carassius"</a>. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=509">the original</a> on December 13, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+FactSheet%3A+Carassius+carassius&rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2005-06-07&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Pam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnas.er.usgs.gov%2Fqueries%2FFactSheet.asp%3FspeciesID%3D509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFFuller2005" class="citation web cs1">Fuller, Pam (June 7, 2005). <a class="external text" href="https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=573">"Species FactSheet: Mylopharyngodon piceus"</a>. U.S. Geological Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+FactSheet%3A+Mylopharyngodon+piceus&rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2005-06-07&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Pam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnas.er.usgs.gov%2Fqueries%2Ffactsheet.aspx%3FSpeciesID%3D573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-On-Inv-Sp-Act-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-On-Inv-Sp-Act_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/s15022">"Invasive Species Act, 2015, S.O. 2015, c. 22 - Bill 37"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Invasive+Species+Act%2C+2015%2C+S.O.+2015%2C+c.+22+-+Bill+37&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontario.ca%2Flaws%2Fstatute%2Fs15022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Invading-Species-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Invading-Species_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.invadingspecies.com/asian-carps/">"Asian Carps – Ontario's Invading Species Awareness Program"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asian+Carps+%E2%80%93+Ontario%27s+Invading+Species+Awareness+Program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.invadingspecies.com%2Fasian-carps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFRousseauFlesher2009" class="citation news cs1">Rousseau, Caryn; Flesher, John (December 2, 2009). <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091206091331/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hs63FD_eLJEQ2gB94JLywKNtuF2AD9CBF2680">"Fears mount over giant carp reaching Great Lakes"</a>. Associated Press. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hs63FD_eLJEQ2gB94JLywKNtuF2AD9CBF2680">the original</a> on December 6, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fears+mount+over+giant+carp+reaching+Great+Lakes&rft.date=2009-12-02&rft.aulast=Rousseau&rft.aufirst=Caryn&rft.au=Flesher%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fap%2Farticle%2FALeqM5hs63FD_eLJEQ2gB94JLywKNtuF2AD9CBF2680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFAsian_Carp_Working_GroupAquatic_Nuisance_Species_Task_Force2006" class="citation web cs1">Asian Carp Working Group; Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force (April 2006). <a class="external text" href="https://images.google.com/images?hl=en&source=hp&q=mack&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi">"Draft Management and Control Plan for Asian Carp in the United States"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Draft+Management+and+Control+Plan+for+Asian+Carp+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=Aquatic+Nuisance+Species+Task+Force&rft.date=2006-04&rft.au=Asian+Carp+Working+Group&rft.au=Aquatic+Nuisance+Species+Task+Force&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.google.com%2Fimages%3Fhl%3Den%26source%3Dhp%26q%3Dmack%26um%3D1%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN%26tab%3Dwi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFWebber2016" class="citation news cs1">Webber, Tammy (July 29, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2016/07/29/alligator-gar-combat-asian-carp/87699102/">"Once-hated fish now sought to combat Asian carp"</a>. <i>Detroit Free Press</i>. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Once-hated+fish+now+sought+to+combat+Asian+carp&rft.date=2016-07-29&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.aufirst=Tammy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmichigan%2F2016%2F07%2F29%2Falligator-gar-combat-asian-carp%2F87699102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wcpo.com/news/national/asian-carp-have-taken-over-kentuckys-lakes-and-officials-are-using-shocking-boats-to-count-them">"Asian carp have taken over Kentucky's lakes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asian+carp+have+taken+over+Kentucky%27s+lakes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcpo.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fasian-carp-have-taken-over-kentuckys-lakes-and-officials-are-using-shocking-boats-to-count-them&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://dwr.virginia.gov/blog/not-too-shocking-your-electrofishing-questions-answered/">"Not Too Shocking: Your Electrofishing Questions Answered"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Not+Too+Shocking%3A+Your+Electrofishing+Questions+Answered&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdwr.virginia.gov%2Fblog%2Fnot-too-shocking-your-electrofishing-questions-answered%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHirata2017" class="citation web cs1">Hirata, Stephanie (June 5, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://krcgtv.com/news/local/electrofishing-to-combat-growing-carp-problem">"Electrofishing to combat growing Carp problem"</a>. <i>KRCG</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KRCG&rft.atitle=Electrofishing+to+combat+growing+Carp+problem&rft.date=2017-06-05&rft.aulast=Hirata&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkrcgtv.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Felectrofishing-to-combat-growing-carp-problem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2003" class="citation journal cs1">Snyder, Darrel E. (December 1, 2003). <a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-004-1095-9">"Invited overview: conclusions from a review of electrofishing and its harmful effects on fish"</a>. <i>Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 445–453. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11160-004-1095-9">10.1007/s11160-004-1095-9</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1573-5184">1573-5184</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+Fish+Biology+and+Fisheries&rft.atitle=Invited+overview%3A+conclusions+from+a+review+of+electrofishing+and+its+harmful+effects+on+fish&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=445-453&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11160-004-1095-9&rft.issn=1573-5184&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Darrel+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs11160-004-1095-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www2.illinois.gov/IISNews/25089-Choose_Copi_Eat_Well_and_Do_Good.pdf">"Illinois Department of Natural Resources announcement, June 22, 2022"</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.creativereview.co.uk/asian-carp-copi-rebrand-span/">"Creative Review: America’s least favourite fish gets a rebrand, June 29, 2022"</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/can-rebranding-invasive-carp-make-it-more-appealing-to-eat-180980320/">"Smithsonian: Can rebranding invasive carp make it more appealing to eat, June 2022"</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/news/articles/2022-06-22/from-carp-to-copi-unpopular-fish-getting-a-makeover">"U.S. News & World Report: From Carp to Copi, Unpopular fish gets a makeover, June 2022"</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-apnews.com-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apnews.com_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apnews.com_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/chicago-lakes-michigan-illinois-ce92a5c9e97ab7c4c55e42b43876935d">"From ‘carp’ to ‘copi’: unpopular fish getting a makeover"</a>, <i>apnews.com</i>, June 22, 2022.]</span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/great-lakes-funding/great-lakes-restoration-initiative-glri">EPA.gov</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://choosecopi.com/copi-goals">ChooseCopi.com</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/s471/text">"Text of the Stop Asian Carp Act of 2011"</a>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=GovTrack" title="GovTrack">GovTrack</a></i>. March 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GovTrack&rft.atitle=Text+of+the+Stop+Asian+Carp+Act+of+2011&rft.date=2011-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fbills%2F112%2Fs471%2Ftext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130802222444/http://healthylakes.org/news-events/press-release/new-bills-to-confront-asian-carp-threat-introduced-in-congress/">"Healing Our Waters"</a>. <i>Healthy Lakes Healthy Lives</i>. 2010. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://healthylakes.org/news-events/press-release/new-bills-to-confront-asian-carp-threat-introduced-in-congress/">the original</a> on August 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Healthy+Lakes+Healthy+Lives&rft.atitle=Healing+Our+Waters&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhealthylakes.org%2Fnews-events%2Fpress-release%2Fnew-bills-to-confront-asian-carp-threat-introduced-in-congress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFRaucoules2020" class="citation web cs1">Raucoules, Gregory (December 22, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.wate.com/news/federal-funding-gives-25m-to-fight-asian-carp-in-tennessee-cumberland-river-basins">"Federal funding gives $25M to fight Asian carp in Tennessee, Cumberland River basins"</a>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=WATE" class="mw-redirect" title="WATE">WATE</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WATE&rft.atitle=Federal+funding+gives+%2425M+to+fight+Asian+carp+in+Tennessee%2C+Cumberland+River+basins&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft.aulast=Raucoules&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wate.com%2Fnews%2Ffederal-funding-gives-25m-to-fight-asian-carp-in-tennessee-cumberland-river-basins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://invasivecarp.us/News/2023-Action-Plan.html">"Invasive Carp Regional Coordinating Committee Releases 2023 Invasive Carp Action Plan | AsianCarp.us"</a>. <i>invasivecarp.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=invasivecarp.us&rft.atitle=Invasive+Carp+Regional+Coordinating+Committee+Releases+2023+Invasive+Carp+Action+Plan+%7C+AsianCarp.us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvasivecarp.us%2FNews%2F2023-Action-Plan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsian+carp" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Asian_carp&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatic/fish-and-other-vertebrates/invasive-carp">Invasive carp page on invasivespeciesinfo.gov</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://invasivecarp.us/">invasivecarp.us</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://asiancarp.ca/">asiancarp.ca</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://choosecopi.com/">choosecopi.com</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://iiseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Asian-Carp-Cuisine_PrintQuality.pdf">Asian carp recipes on iiseagrant.org</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Carp" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/info/en/?search=Template:Carp" title="Template:Carp"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/info/en/?search=Template_talk:Carp" title="Template talk:Carp"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/info/en/?search=Special:EditPage/Template:Carp" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carp"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Carp" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/info/en/?search=Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carp groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Cyprinidae" title="Cyprinidae">Cyprinidae</a> (the carp family)</li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asian carp</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Carassius_carassius.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crucian carp"><img alt="Crucian carp" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Carassius_carassius.jpg/140px-Carassius_carassius.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Carassius_carassius.jpg/210px-Carassius_carassius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Carassius_carassius.jpg/280px-Carassius_carassius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="262" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">True carp species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Labeo_coubie" title="Labeo coubie">African carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Bighead_carp" title="Bighead carp">Bighead carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Black_carp" title="Black carp">Black carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Catla" title="Catla">Catla</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Carnatic_carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic carp">Carnatic carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Chinese_mud_carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese mud carp">Chinese mud carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Common_carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Common carp">Common carp</a> (European carp)</li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Crucian_carp" title="Crucian carp">Crucian carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Deccan_white_carp" title="Deccan white carp">Deccan white carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Fringed-lipped_peninsula_carp" title="Fringed-lipped peninsula carp">Fringed-lipped peninsula carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Giant_salmon_carp" title="Giant salmon carp">Giant salmon carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Goldfish" title="Goldfish">Goldfish</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Grass_carp" title="Grass carp">Grass carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Hora_white_carp" title="Hora white carp">Hora white carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Japanese_crucian_carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese crucian carp">Japanese crucian carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Koi" title="Koi">Koi</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Krishna_carp" title="Krishna carp">Krishna carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Mirror_carp" title="Mirror carp">Mirror carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Mrigal_carp" title="Mrigal carp">Mrigal carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Mud_carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mud carp">Mud carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Nile_carp" title="Nile carp">Nile carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Pigmouth_carp" title="Pigmouth carp">Pigmouth carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Predatory_carp" title="Predatory carp">Predatory carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Prussian_carp" title="Prussian carp">Prussian carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Sabre_carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabre carp">Sabre carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Siamese_giant_carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Siamese giant carp">Siamese giant carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Siamese_mud_carp" title="Siamese mud carp">Siamese mud carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Silver_carp" title="Silver carp">Silver carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Smallscale_mud_carp" title="Smallscale mud carp">Smallscale mud carp</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other carp species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Sea_carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea carp">Sea carp</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diseases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Carp_lice" class="mw-redirect" title="Carp lice">Carp lice</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Koi_herpes_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Koi herpes virus">Koi herpes virus</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Spring_viraemia_of_carp" title="Spring viraemia of carp">Spring viraemia of carp</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreational fishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Carp_fishing" title="Carp fishing">Carp fishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Redmire_pool" class="mw-redirect" title="Redmire pool">Redmire pool</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Chod_rig" title="Chod rig">Chod rig</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Hair_rig" title="Hair rig">Hair rig</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Yateley_Complex" title="Yateley Complex">Yateley Complex</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Boilie" title="Boilie">Boilie</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Eliburn_Reservoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliburn Reservoir">Eliburn Reservoir</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carp anglers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Richard_Walker_(angler)" title="Richard Walker (angler)">Richard Walker</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Chris_Yates_(fisherman)" title="Chris Yates (fisherman)">Chris Yates</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Fisherman%27s_soup" title="Fisherman's soup">Fisherman's soup</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Kuai_(dish)" title="Kuai (dish)">Kuai</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Taramosalata" class="mw-redirect" title="Taramosalata">Taramosalata</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Benson_(fish)" title="Benson (fish)">Benson</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Total_Carp" title="Total Carp">Total Carp</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Carp_streamers" class="mw-redirect" title="Carp streamers">Carp streamers</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=The_Adventures_of_Little_Carp" title="The Adventures of Little Carp">The Adventures of Little Carp</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Daughterless_Carp_Project" title="Daughterless Carp Project">Daughterless Carp Project</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Aquaculture_in_China" title="Aquaculture in China">Aquaculture in China</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Chinese_Academy_of_Fishery_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences">Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Koi_pond" title="Koi pond">Koi pond</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Goldfish#In_ponds" title="Goldfish">Goldfish pond</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1714748200' |