Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Use American English|date=November 2023}}
{{good article}}
{{short description|1982 video game}}
{{About|the video game|other uses|Pitfall (disambiguation){{!}}Pitfall}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox video game
| title = Pitfall!
| image = Pitfall-cover.jpg
| developer = [[Activision]]
| publisher = Activision
| platforms = [[Atari 2600]], [[Intellivision]], [[Atari 5200]], [[ColecoVision]], [[Atari 8-bit family|Atari 8-bit]], [[Commodore 64]], [[MSX]]
| released = {{Collapsible list
| title = {{nobold|September 1982}}
| '''Atari 2600'''
| September 1982
| '''Intellivision'''
| November 1982
| '''Colecovision'''
| February 1984
| '''Atari 8-bit family'''
| March 1984
| '''Atari 5200'''
| March 1984
| '''Commodore 64'''
| June 1984
| '''MSX'''
| September 1984
}}
| genre = [[Platformer]]
| modes = [[Single-player]]
| designer = [[David Crane (programmer)|David Crane]]
}}
'''''Pitfall!''''' is a [[video game]] developed by [[David Crane (programmer)|David Crane]] for the [[Atari 2600]] and released in 1982 by [[Activision]]. The player controls Pitfall Harry, who has a time limit of 20 minutes to seek treasure in a jungle. The game world is populated by enemies and hazards that variously cause the player to lose lives or points.
Crane had made several games for both [[Atari, Inc.]] and Activision before working on ''Pitfall!'' in 1982. He started with creating a new realistic-style walking animation for a person on the Atari 2600 hardware. After completing it, he fashioned a game around it. He used a jungle setting with items to collect and enemies to avoid, and the result became ''Pitfall!''
''Pitfall!'' received mostly positive reviews at the time of its release praising both its gameplay and graphics. The game was influential in the [[platform game]] genre and various publications have considered it one of the [[List of video games considered the best|greatest video games of all time]]. It is also one of the [[List of best-selling Atari 2600 video games|best-selling Atari 2600 video games]]. The game was ported to several contemporary video game systems. It has been included in various Activision compilation games and was included as a secret extra in later Activision published titles.
==Gameplay==
[[Image:A2600 Pitfall.png|thumb|left|Pitfall Harry swinging over a pit and two rolling logs. The score and timer are at the top. An enemy scorpion is in the cave area.]]
''Pitfall!'' is a video game set in a jungle where the player controls Pitfall Harry, a fortune hunter and explorer.{{sfn|Activision|1982|ref=manual}}{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=6}} ''Pitfall!'' has been characterized as a [[platformer]] by [[Nick Montfort]] and [[Ian Bogost]], the authors of ''[[Racing the Beam]]''.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=107}} Similar to ''[[Superman (1979 video game)|Superman]]'' (1979) and ''[[Adventure (1980 video game)|Adventure]]'' (1980), the game does not feature [[Side-scrolling video game|side-scrolling]] and instead loads one screen at a time, with a new screen appearing when the [[player character]], Pitfall Harry, moves to the edge of the screen.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=107}} The goal is to get Harry as many points as possible within a twenty-minute time limit. The player starts the game with 2,000 points and can collect a total of 32 treasure hidden among 255 scenes to increase their total, ranging from a money bag worth 2,000 points to a diamond ring worth 5,000 points.{{sfn|Activision|1982|ref=manual}}
Pitfall Harry moves left and right and can jump over and onto objects, swing from vines, and climb up and down ladders to seek treasure and avoid danger. The player can lose points from hazards, such as falling down a hole or colliding with rolling logs. The player starts with three [[Life (video games)|lives]] and loses one if they sink into quicksand, swamps or tar pits or are hit by a scorpion, cobra rattler, or crocodile.{{sfn|Activision|1982|ref=manual}}
==Development==
''Pitfall!'' was developed by [[David Crane (programmer)|David Crane]] for [[Activision]].{{sfn|Activision|1982|ref=manual}} Crane had worked at [[Atari, Inc.]] in the late 1970s, developing games for the [[Atari Video Computer System]].{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=99}} The system became known as the Atari 2600 after the release of the [[Atari 5200]] in 1982.{{sfn|Montfort|2006}} After discovering the high profits Atari had made off games he developed, including ''[[Outlaw (1978 video game)|Outlaw]]'', ''[[Canyon Bomber]]'' and ''[[Slot Machine (video game)|Slot Machine]]'', he asked the president of Atari, [[Ray Kassar]], for recognition on these titles and a better pay.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=99-100}} When he was turned down, Crane and other Atari programmers left the company to form Activision in 1979.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=100}} Crane was the senior designer at Activision and created ''[[Dragster (video game)|Dragster]]'', ''[[Fishing Derby]]'', ''[[Laser Blast]]'', ''[[Freeway (video game)|Freeway]]'' and ''[[Grand Prix (video game)|Grand Prix]]'' for the company prior to the release of ''Pitfall!''{{sfn|Activision|1982|ref=manual}}
Crane stated his game design philosophy involved making the Atari 2600 do new and unexpected things. Crane said he "used this technique to lead me in a new direction of game design, and some of the tricks were to me as much as an accomplishment as solving the [[Rubik's Cube]] the first time".{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=105}} Early development of ''Pitfall!'' started with Crane trying to create realistically animated graphics on the Atari 2600.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=107}} This led to developing a moving man (which became the basis of Pitfall Harry) and, later, the scorpions and snake obstacles.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=108}} For three years, Crane experimented using the running-man character in different scenarios, such as a [[Tag (game)|cops and robbers]] game, but could not find a proper situation for it.{{sfn|Edge|2009|p=1}} Crane began implementing it into a game in 1982.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=108}} Crane stated having the running man animation led to putting him on a path, which led to placing the path in a jungle and giving the man a reason to run in order to hunt treasures and avoid enemies.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=108-109}} The jungle setting of the game was influenced by the 1981 film ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=109}}
Other influences came from [[Heckle and Jeckle]] cartoons, where two magpies outwit their enemies, including having the magpies run across the heads of crocodiles and just escaping their snapping jaws.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=109}} This led to the ability of Pitfall Harry being able to cross ponds infested with crocodiles if their jaws were closed.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=110}} Initially, to jump from one alligator head to another, the player had to move the joystick and jump at exactly the same time which Crane described as being "almost impossible to play. So I changed the code to allow you to direct Harry’s jump to the side, if you moved the joystick within a small instant from the time you pressed the button to jump. From a programming standpoint this was a tiny change, but it changed the gameplay from nearly impossible to an easily learned skill."{{sfn|Edge|2009|p=1}} Crane tried to make the sprite artwork for obstacles and the environment recognizable to players, despite the limitations of the Atari 2600. The process involved what Crane said was "a lot of [[trial-and-error]]".{{sfn|Edge2|2009|p=2}} When asked if the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)|Donkey Kong]]'' (1981) had inspired his game, Crane responded he did not draw any parallels to ''Pitfall!'' at the time and had already developed elements in his game that were present in both games, such as a human character, paths, and ladders.{{sfn|Hunt|p=83}}
Crane commented that "The entire [game design] process took about 10 minutes. About 1000 hours of programming later the game was complete."{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=108-109}} Much of Crane's time was spent optimizing and compressing the code so that it would fit into a four-[[kilobyte]] [[ROM cartridge]].{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=116}} Unlike ''[[Haunted House (video game)|Haunted House]]'' (1982) or ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark (video game)|Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' (1982), where the environments were hard-coded into the game, ''Pitfall!'' was generated constantly by code.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=110}} The game generates each screen based on a counter that could run either backwards or forwards depending which direction the player moved from screen to screen.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=111}} The 8 [[bit]]s in the counter were used to determine certain details such as the background, trees, ground and object patterns, allowing 255 screens to occupy fewer than 50 bytes of ROM.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=111-112}} Activision had created design centers for their games, which were small, close-knit teams of four to five people.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=103}} These teams encouraged [[peer review]]s and shared [[prototype]]s of games. In ''Pitfall!'', Crane's team changed the initial number of lives in the game from one to three during the final week of development.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=104}} Crane said that "my buddies practically tied me to my chair until I put in extra lives and I'm glad they did".{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=104}}
==Release==
''Pitfall!'' was released for the Atari 2600 in September 1982.{{sfn|Blanchet|1982|p=C6}} The game was later released for the [[Intellivision]] in November 1982.{{sfn|CashBox|1982|ref=CashBoxHomeVideo}} To promote the game, Activision held a promotion between November 15 and December 13, 1982, in various markets across the United States for a chance to win $5,000 in gold.{{sfn|CashBox|1982b|ref=CashBoxPrize}} In January 1984, it was announced that ''Pitfall!'' would be released along with other Acitivision titles such as ''[[River Raid]]'', ''[[Megamania]]'', and ''[[Beamrider]]'' for the [[Atari 5200]], [[ColecoVision]], [[Commodore 64]], and [[MSX]].{{sfn|The Video Game Update|1984|ref=VGU1984}}{{sfn|Onosko|1982|p=41}}{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}}{{sfn|Fox|2013|p=216}} ''Pitfall!'' was subsequently released for the ColecoVision in February, the [[Atari 8-bit family|Atari Computer]] and Atari 5200 in March, and the Commodore 64 in June.{{sfn|The Video Game Update|1984b|ref=VGU19842}}{{sfn|Atari Computers|1984|ref=Atari1984}}{{sfn|The Video Game Update|1984c|ref=VGUDec1984}} It was released in Japan for the MSX in September 1984.{{sfn|MSX Magazine|1984|ref=MSX}}
''Pitfall!'' was included in various video games collections, including ''Activision Classics'' (1998) for the PlayStation, ''[[Activision Anthology]]'' (2002) for [[PlayStation 2]], and ''Activision Hits Remixed'' in 2006 for the [[PlayStation Portable]].{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}} The game was also a secret extra in Activision-published titles like ''[[Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure]]'' (1994), ''[[Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare]]'' (2016), and ''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War]]'' (2020).{{sfn|Rogers|Miller|1994}}{{sfn|Takashi|2016}}{{sfn|Park|2020}}
==Reception==
{{Video game reviews
| A2600 = true
| CV = true
| INT = true
| Allgame_A2600 = 5/5{{sfn|Marriott}}
| Allgame_INT = 4.5/5{{sfn|Sutyak}}
| rev1 = ''Arcade Express''
| rev1_A2600 = 8/10{{sfn|Arcade Express|1982|ref=ArcExpress}}
| rev2 = ''[[Computer and Video Games]]''
| rev2_A2600 = 78%{{sfn|Computer and Video Games|1989|ref=CaV}}
| rev2_CV = 79%{{sfn|Computer and Video Games|1989|ref=CaV}}
| rev3 = ''Computer Games''
| rev3_A2600 = A{{sfn|Computer Games|1985|ref=CG1985}}
| rev3_CV = A{{sfn|Computer Games|1985|ref=CG1985}}
| rev4 = ''[[Electronic Games]]''
| rev4_A2600 = 9/10{{sfn|Kunkel|p=97|ref=Kunk84}}
| rev4_INT = 7/10{{sfn|Electronic Games|1983|ref=EC1983}}
| rev6 = ''Video Games Player''
| rev6_A2600 = A{{sfn|Video Games Player|1982|ref=VGP}}
| rev5 = ''JoyStik How to Win at Video Games''
| rev5_A2600 = 5/5{{sfn|White|1983|p=57}}
}}
In contemporary reviews, critics praised the gameplay and graphics in publications like ''Arcade Express'' and ''[[Electronic Fun with Computers & Games]]'', with the former stating that it "may well be the best adventure game yet produced for the VCS".{{sfn|Arcade Express|1982|ref=ArcExpress}}{{sfn|Renzy|1982|p=12}} The reviewer for ''Blip'' stated that the game was similar to ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)|Donkey Kong]]'' (1981), but that "this is one case where inspiration didn't lead to imitation. ''Pitfall'' is its own game. It's also a heck of a lot of fun."{{sfn|Blip|1983|ref=BlipMag}} In ''JoyStik: How to Win at Video Games'', the game was named as one of the ten best games of 1982.{{sfn|White|1983|p=63}} The Atari 2600 version of ''Pitfall!'' was awarded "Best Adventure Video Game" at the 4th annual [[Arkie Awards]] in 1983.{{sfn|Kunkel|Katz|1983|pp=30; 108}}
Reviewing the Intellivision version in March 1983, Phil Wiswell wrote in ''Video Games'' that it was the same game in every aspect as the Atari 2600 version, but criticized the release for not taking advantage enough of Intellivision's graphical capabilities.{{sfn|Wiswell|1983|p=70}} ''[[Electronic Games]]'', in their "1983 Software Encyclopedia" issue, noted that the game required "more arcade-type skills than intuition or logic".{{sfn|Electronic Games|1983|ref=EC1983}}
''Pitfall!'' was the highest-selling video game from late 1982 to the first quarter of 1983.{{sfn|Electronic Games|1983b|ref=EC1983b}} The game sold {{nowrap|1 million}} units in 1982.{{sfn|Sigel|Giglio|1984|p=22}} It held the top spot on the Top Video Games ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' charts for 64 consecutive weeks and went on to sell over {{nowrap|3.5 million}} units by 1984.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=99}}{{sfn|Capparell|1984}} It is one of the [[List of best-selling Atari 2600 video games|best-selling games on the Atari 2600]], with over four million copies sold {{as of|2008|lc=y}}.{{sfn|Buchanan|2008}} All versions of the game sold over {{nowrap|5 million}} copies worldwide by 1998.{{sfn|Dawson|1998|p=4}}
===Retrospective reviews===
Later 1980s reviews continued to praise the game, such as the reviewer for ''Computer Games'', who gave the game an A-rating in their 1985 game guide, praising the graphics as "gorgeous and cartoony" and declaring it a "terrific game for action fans".{{sfn|Computer Games|1985|ref=CG1985}} ''[[Computer and Video Games]]'' (1989) stated that ''Pitfall!'' was a "bright and cheery game" that offered plenty of long-term gameplay, continuing that the "game style might look a bit crumbly, but the action is a heap of fun".{{sfn|Computer and Video Games|1989|ref=CaV}}
Scott Alan Marriott of the online game database [[AllGame]] wrote that the variety of threats you encounter on each screen made ''Pitfall!'' one of the most exciting and best-looking games on the Atari 2600.{{sfn|Marriott}} Brett Alan Weiss included the game in his book ''The 100 Greatest Console Video Games 1977–1987'' (2014) and criticized that the Atari 5200 version of the game had poor controls and the Intellivision version for requiring a second button for letting go of vines.{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}} Weiss found the ColecoVision version designed by Action Graphics to be the best of the three versions with improved visuals over the Atari 2600 game, although it failed to take true advantage of the systems graphic capabilities.{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}}
''Pitfall!'' has been included in several [[List of video games considered the best|best-of video games lists]] from various publications, such as ''Electronic Fun with Computers & Games'' in 1984, ''[[Flux (magazine)|Flux]]'' (1995) where it placed 33rd, ''[[Game Informer]]'' (2001) where it placed 41st, and ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' (2012).{{sfn|Amrich|Barbagallo|East|Hudak|1995|p=28}}{{sfn|Cork|2009}}{{sfn|Electronic Fun with Computers & Games|1984|ref=EFCG}}{{sfn|Time|2012|ref=TimeMag}}
==Legacy==
[[File:David Crane (10453626776) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[David Crane (programmer)|David Crane]] in 2013]]
''Pitfall!'' was described by authors Montfort and Bogost in ''Racing the Beam'' as an important early platformer, a game genre made famous by ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' (1985).{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=107}} They wrote that ''Pitfall!'' was a much longer game than previous Atari VCS games. These other games were often ports of arcade games which were designed to be a short experience to keep the player pay to play, but even native games could be rather short—the easiest difficulty of ''[[Adventure (1980 video game)|Adventure]]'' can be completed in just two minutes.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=112-113}} The authors said that ''Pitfall!'' built upon the [[graphic adventure game]] genre of ''Adventure'' to create an experience similar to later [[open-world]] games. According to them, the world was too large to be contemplated all at once, and a few core gameplay mechanics allowed a variety of more complex actions and possibilities.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=113-114}} [[Jeff Gerstmann]] of ''[[GameSpot]]'' spoke similarly in 2004 when including ''Pitfall!'' in the site's "Greatest Games of All Time" list, stating that the game was "responsible for launching the platformer genre as we know it" and that "Despite the fact that platformers have become a lot more sophisticated, especially since video games in general made the shift to 3D, it's surprising how little the fundamentals—like jumping around, avoiding enemies and obstacles, and collecting stuff—have changed since ''Pitfall!''"{{sfn|Gerstmann}}
Unlike [[Mario]] or [[Pac-Man (character)|Pac-Man]], who originated in [[arcade game]]s, Pitfall Harry was the first popular video game character originating in home consoles.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=109}} The character was featured on licensed merchandise and appeared on the cartoon show ''[[Saturday Supercade]]'', which aired from 1983 to 1985 on [[CBS]].{{sfn|Erickson|1993|p=430}} Pitfall Harry was dropped for its second season.{{sfn|Erickson|1993|p=431}}
===Follow-ups===
''Pitfall!'' spawned numerous sequels for consoles.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=109}} These include ''[[Pitfall II: Lost Caverns]]'' (1984), ''[[Super Pitfall]]'' (1986) for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]], ''[[Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure]]'' (1994) for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] and [[Sega Genesis]], ''[[Pitfall 3D: Beyond the Jungle]]'' (1998) for the [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]], ''Pitfall: Beyond the Jungle'' (1998) for the [[Game Boy Color]], and ''[[Pitfall: The Lost Expedition]]'' for various systems in 2004.{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}}{{sfn|Automatic|1994|p=51}}{{sfn|MetacriticA|ref=MetacriticA}}{{sfn|MetacriticB|ref=MetacriticB}}{{sfn|MetacriticC|ref=MetacriticC}}
[[Sega]] released ''[[Pitfall II: Lost Caverns (arcade game)|Pitfall II: Lost Caverns]]'' (1985) to arcades, which incorporated elements of ''Pitfall!'' and ''Pitfall II: Lost Caverns'' from the Atari 2600.{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}} Activision's UK-based studio The Blast Furnace released a follow-up titled ''[[Pitfall! (2012 video game)|Pitfall!]]'' (2012) for [[iOS]] on August 9, 2012.{{sfn|PR Newswire|2012|ref=PR Newswire}} It features gameplay similar to that of ''[[Temple Run]]'' (2011).{{sfn|Nichols|2012}}
''Pitfall!'' remained the game that Crane has been most associated with. In 2012, he stated that "I suppose that's not a bad problem to have, It's not a dark shadow. But I'm not just a classic gaming guy. This is what I do for a living!"{{sfn|Cifaldi|2012}} In the same year, he started a [[crowdfunding]] campaign [[Kickstarter]] to fund a [[spiritual successor]] to the ''Pitfall!'' series, but it fell far short of his funding goal.{{sfn|Cifaldi|2012}}{{sfn|Kohler|2012}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Video games}}
* [[List of Activision games: 1980–1999]]
==References==
{{reflist|20em}}
===Sources===
* {{cite book | title=Activision Pitfall! Instructions | publisher=[[Activision]] | year=1982 | ref=manual|id=AX-018-03}}
* {{Cite magazine |date=April 1995 |url=https://archive.org/details/flux-issue-4/page/n29/mode/2up |magazine=[[Flux (magazine)|Flux]]|title=The Top 100 Video Games |issue=4 |pages=31|issn=1074-5602|last1=Amrich|first1=Dan|last2=Barbagallo|first2=Ralph|last3=East|first3=Mark|last4=Hudak|first4=Chris|last5=Kitts|first5=Jeff|last6=Meston|first6=Zach|last7=Yang|first7=Jeff|author-link1=Dan Amrich}}
* {{cite magazine|title=The Hotseat: Reviews of New Products|magazine=Arcade Express|date=August 30, 1982|volume=1|issue=2|page=6|url=http://www.digitpress.com/library/newsletters/arcadeexpress/arcade_express_v1n2.pdf|access-date=June 10, 2023| ref=ArcExpress}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=Atari Computers|volume=3|issue=11|date=April 1984|title=Colecovision|page=16| ref=Atari1984}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Automatic|first=Radion |url=http://oldgamemags.ukprintarchive.com/Multi-format%20Publications/Computer%20&%20Video%20Games/CVG%20(1994-12)%20157%20(EMAP).pdf/#page/50|title=Pitfall 2|magazine=[[Computer and Video Games]]|issue=157|date=December 1994|page=51 |access-date=June 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925180414/http://oldgamemags.ukprintarchive.com/Multi-format%20Publications/Computer%20%26%20Video%20Games/CVG%20%281994-12%29%20157%20%28EMAP%29.pdf/#page/50|archive-date=September 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite news|newspaper=[[The Santa Fe New Mexican]]|date=July 31, 1982|page=C6|title=How to Beat the Video Games|last=Blanchet|first=Michael|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/72773873/atari-2600-news-megamania-pitfall/|access-date=June 10, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=Blip|title=Player's Choice|pages=16–17|issue=1|date=February 1983|publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]|location=United States|ref=BlipMag}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/08/26/top-10-best-selling-atari-2600-games|title=Top 10 Best-Selling Atari 2600 Games|first=Levi|last=Buchanan |website=[[IGN]]|date=August 26, 2008|access-date=June 11, 2023}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.atarimagazines.com/v3n2/levy.html |title=Activision's James Levy: A software success story |last=Capparell |first=James |publisher=[[Antic (magazine)|Antic]] |date=June 1984 |access-date=April 22, 2017}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Home Video Game Suppliers, Titles Continue to Proliferate|magazine=Cash Box|date=September 4, 1982|page=24|volume=44|issue=15|ref=CashBoxHomeVideo}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Activision Sets Five Week "Pitfall Treasure Hunt"|page=17|magazine=[[Cash Box]]|volume=44|issue=26|date=November 20, 1982b|ref=CashBoxPrize}}
* {{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019221411/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/177270/Living_in_Pitfalls_shadow.php|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/177270/Living_in_Pitfalls_shadow.php|title=Living in Pitfall!'s Shadow|work=[[Game Developer (website)|Gamasutra]]|date=September 6, 2012|last=Cifaldi|first=Frank|archive-date=October 19, 2012|access-date=June 11, 2023|author-link=Frank Cifaldi}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Complete Games Guide |magazine=[[Computer and Video Games]] |date=October 16, 1989 |issue=Complete Guide to Consoles |page=65 |url=https://retrocdn.net/images/9/98/CompleteGuideToConsoles_UK_01.pdf|access-date=June 10, 2023|location=United Kingdom|ref=CaV}}
* {{cite magazine |title=1985 Software Buyer's Guide|magazine=Computer Games|date=February 1985 |volume=3 |issue=5 |publisher=Carnegie Publications |location=United States |page=53 |url=https://archive.org/details/Computer_Games_Vol_3_No_5_1985-02_Carnegie_Publications_US/page/n13/mode/2up|via=[[Archive.org]]| ref=CG1985}}
* {{Cite magazine|last=Cork|first=Jeff|title=Game Informer's Top 100 Games Of All Time (Circa Issue 100)|url=https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2009/11/16/game-informer-s-top-100-games-of-all-time-circa-issue-100.aspx|access-date=June 11, 2023|magazine=[[Game Informer]]|date=November 16, 2009}}
* {{cite book | title=Activision Pitfall! Instructions | publisher=[[Activision]] | year=1982 | id=AX-018-03|chapter=How to Seek Your Fortune with Pitfall Harry|last=Crane|first=David|author-link=David Crane (programmer)}}
* {{cite magazine |last1=Dawson |first1=Angela |title=Pitfall Harry to Life for Activision |magazine=[[Adweek]] |date=1998 |page=4 |publisher=A/S/M Communications. |quote=The pit-hopping action game has sold more than {{nowrap|5 million}} copies worldwide.}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]]|title=The Making of: Pitfall!|date=June 29, 2009|access-date=June 11, 2023|archive-date=May 31, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531132929/http://www.edge-online.com/features/making-pitfall/|url=http://www.edge-online.com/features/making-pitfall/ |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Edge|2009}}}}
** {{cite magazine|magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]]|title=The Making Of: Pitfall!|date=June 29, 2009|access-date=June 11, 2023|archive-date=June 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618172544/http://www.edge-online.com/features/making-pitfall/2/|url=http://www.edge-online.com/features/making-pitfall/2/ |page=2 |ref={{harvid|Edge2|2009}}}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=Electronic Fun with Computers & Games|volume=2|issue=5|date=March 1984|page=26|title=EF's 50 Best Games|ref=EFCG}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=[[Electronic Games|Electronic Games 1983 Software Encyclopedia]]|title=Intellvision|issn=0736-8488|publisher=Reese Communications|year=1983|volume=1|issue=1|pages=40–41|ref=EC1983}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Journey to the Land of Fantasy|date=June 1983b|issn=0730-6687|magazine=[[Electronic Games]]|page=49|ref=EC1983b|volume=1|issue=16}}
* {{cite book|title=Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia 1949 through 1993|last=Erickson|first=Hal|author-link=Hal Erickson (author)|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn=0-7864-0029-3|year=1993}}
* {{cite book|title=The Video Games Guide|last=Fox|first=Matt|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc.|isbn=978-0-7864-7257-4|year=2013}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/all/greatestgames/p-42.html|title=The Greatest Games of All Time: Pitfall!|website=[[GameSpot]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040327080448/http://gamespot.com/gamespot/features/all/greatestgames/p-42.html | archive-date=March 27, 2004|access-date=June 11, 2023|last=Gerstmann|first=Jeff}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=[[Retro Gamer]]|title=The History of Pitfall!|first=Stuart|last=Hunt|issue=107}}
* {{cite magazine | url=https://www.wired.com/2012/08/david-crane-jungleventure-kickstarter/ | first=Chris | last=Kohler | title=''Pitfall!'' Creator David Crane Seeks $900K to Kickstart ''JungleVenture'' | magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | date=August 11, 2012 | access-date=June 11, 2023}}
* {{cite magazine|last1= Kunkel |first1= Bill |author-link1= Bill Kunkel (journalist)|last2= Katz |first2= Arnie |author-link2= Arnie Katz|date= February 1983 |title= Arcade Alley: The Fourth Annual Arcade Awards |magazine= [[Video (magazine)|Video]]|volume= 6|issue= 11|issn= 0147-8907}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Programmables/Atari 2600|magazine=[[Electronic Games|1984 Software Encyclopedia]]|publisher=Reese Communications|issn=0736-8488|issue=2|editor-last=Kunkel|editor-first=Bill|ref=Kunk84}}
* {{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114101100/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=8217&tab=review|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=8217&tab=review|title=Pitfall!|last=Marriott|first=Scott Alan|access-date=June 1, 2023|archive-date=November 14, 2014|publisher=[[AllGame]]}}
* {{cite magazine | url=http://www.ew.com/article/2013/01/25/the-10-best-atari-games | first=Aaron | last=Morales | title=The 10 Best Atari games | magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] | date=January 25, 2013 | access-date=April 17, 2016}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews/?platform=xbox|title=Pitfall: The Lost Expedition Critic Reviews for Xbox|publisher=Metacritic|access-date=January 24, 2014|archive-date=March 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308185710/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews|url-status=live|ref=MetacriticA}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews/?platform=pc|title=Pitfall: The Lost Expedition Critic Reviews for PC|publisher=Metacritic|access-date=January 24, 2014|archive-date=January 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127021054/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews|url-status=live|ref=MetacriticB}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews/?platform=game-boy-advance|title=Pitfall: The Lost Expedition Critic Reviews for Game Boy Advance|publisher=Metacritic|access-date=January 24, 2014|archive-date=October 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002155547/https://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews|url-status=live|ref=MetacriticC}}
* {{cite journal|url=https://gamestudies.org/0601/articles/montfort|title=Combat in Context|last=Montfort|first=Nick|volume=6|issue=1|date=December 2006|issn=1604-7982|access-date=April 28, 2023|journal=Game Studies|author-link=Nick Montfort}}
* {{cite book|last1=Montfort|first1=Nick|last2=Bogost|first2=Ian|title=Racing the Beam|publisher=[[MIT Press]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-262-01257-7|title-link=Racing the Beam|author-link2=Ian Bogost}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=MSX Magazine|date=September 1984|title=アクティビジョン第1弾 ポニカより9月5日発売|language=Japanese|ref=MSX}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/gaming/levelup/a398989/mobile-review-round-up-pitfall-organ-trail-farming-simulator-more.html|title=
Mobile Review Round-up: Pitfall, Organ Trail, Farming Simulator, more|date=August 13, 2012|last=Nichols|first=Scott|work=[[Digital Spy]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814170740/https://www.digitalspy.com/gaming/levelup/a398989/mobile-review-round-up-pitfall-organ-trail-farming-simulator-more.html|archive-date=August 14, 2012|access-date=June 10, 2023}}
* {{cite news|newspaper=[[The Capital Times]]|last=Onosko|first=Tim|date=October 22, 1982|title=Fall Home Video Games More Fun and Challenge|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/73055221/|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=June 10, 2023}}
* {{cite web|title=I Can't Stop Playing Pitfall in Call of Duty: Black Ops – Cold War|access-date=June 10, 2023|date=November 13, 2020|last=Park|first=Morgan|work=[[PCGamer]]|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/i-cant-stop-playing-pitfall-in-call-of-duty-black-ops-cold-war/}}
* {{cite web|work=[[PR Newswire]]|title=30-Years and Still Swinging – Activision's Legendary Jungle-Crawler Pitfall!™ Debuts on iPhone, iPad & iPod Touch|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bwh&AN=201208090900PR.NEWS.USPR.LA54858&site=eds-live&scope=site|access-date=June 10, 2023|url-access=subscription|date=August 9, 2012|ref=PR Newswire}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Video Game Explosion! We Rate Every Game in the World |magazine=[[Electronic Fun with Computers & Games]] |date=December 1982 |volume=1 |issue=2 |publisher=Fun & Games Publishing|url=https://archive.org/details/Electronic_Fun_with_Computer_Games_Vol_01_No_02_1982-12_Fun_Games_Publishing_US/page/n11/mode/2up|via=Archive.org|last=Renzy|first=Aaron}}
* {{cite web|last1=Rogers|first1=Adam|last2=Miller|first2=Annetta|title=Nostalgia Has its Own Pitfalls|work=[[Newsweek]]|volume=124|issue=20|date=November 14, 1994|page=14|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=9411117593&site=eds-live&scope=site|access-date=June 10, 2023|url-access=subscription}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sigel|first1=Efrem|last2=Giglio|first2=Louis|title=Guide to Software Publishing: An Industry Emerges|year=1984|publisher=Knowledge Industry Publications|isbn=978-0-86729-108-7|quote=Pitfall won the award from Electronic Games magazine as the best video game adventure of 1983, and in 1982 sold more than {{nowrap|1 million}} copies.}}
* {{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114143537/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=12290&tab=review|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=12290&tab=review|access-date=June 5, 2023|archive-date=November 14, 2014|publisher=AllGame|last=Sutyak|first=Jonathan|title=Pitfall!}}
* {{cite magazine|title=All-Time 100 Video Games|url=http://techland.time.com/2012/11/15/all-time-100-video-games/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=October 28, 2017|date=November 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307075016/http://techland.time.com/2012/11/15/all-time-100-video-games/|archive-date=March 7, 2016|ref=TimeMag}}
* {{cite web|title=How Infinity Ward Designed Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare's Zombies in Spaceland Co-op Mode|access-date=June 10, 2023|date=September 3, 2016|last=Takashi|first=Dean|work=[[VentureBeat]]|url=https://venturebeat.com/games/infinite-warfares-zombies-in-spaceland-interview/}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Software Report Card |magazine=Video Games Player |date=September 1982 |volume=1 |issue=1 |publisher=Carnegie Publications |location=United States |pages=62–3 |url=https://archive.org/details/Video_Games_Player_Vol_1_No_1_1982-09_Carnegie_Publications_US/page/n61/mode/2up|ref=VGP}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=[[Computer Entertainer|The Video Game Update]]|volume=2|issue=10|date=January 1984|title=The Continuing Adventures of Pitall Harry|page=148| ref=VGU1984}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=The Video Game Update|volume=2|issue=11|date=February 1984b|title=Colecovision|page=176| ref=VGU19842}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=The Video Game Update|volume=3|issue=9|date=December 1984c|title=The Year in Review|page=143| ref=VGUDec1984}}
* {{cite book|title=The 100 Greatest Console Video Games 1977-1987|last=Weiss|first=Brett|year=2014|isbn=978-0-7643-4618-7|publisher=[[Schiffer Publishing]]}}
* {{Cite magazine |date=January 1983 |editor-last=White |editor-first=Matthew |title=10 Top Software Games for the New Year |url=https://archive.org/details/joystik_magazine-1983-01/page/n57/mode/2up |journal=JoyStik |publisher=Publications International, LTD. |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=57}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Soft Spot: New Games from Well-Known Names|last=Wiswell|first=Phil|page=70|magazine=Video Games|volume=1|issue=6|date=March 1983}}
==External links==
* {{moby game|id=/pitfall}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090816202310/http://www.atariage.com/software_page.html?SoftwareLabelID=360 ''Pitfall!''] at AtariAge
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBT1OK6VAIU ''Pitfall!'' Postmortem] at the 2011 [[Game Developers Conference]] via [[GameSpot]]
{{Pitfall!|state=expanded}}
{{Activision}}
{{Atari 2600}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pitfall 01}}
[[Category:1982 video games]]
[[Category:Activision games]]
[[Category:Atari 2600 games]]
[[Category:Atari 5200 games]]
[[Category:Atari 8-bit family games]]
[[Category:ColecoVision games]]
[[Category:Commodore 64 games]]
[[Category:Intellivision games]]
[[Category:MSX games]]
[[Category:Pitfall (series)]]
[[Category:Microsoft franchises]]
[[Category:Video games adapted into television shows]]
[[Category:Video games designed by David Crane (programmer)]]
[[Category:Video games developed in the United States]]
[[Category:Video games set in jungles]]
[[Category:Single-player video games]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Use American English|date=November 2023}}
{{Bad article}}
{{short description|1982 holocaust}}
{{About|the video game|other uses|Pitfall (disambiguation){{!}}Pitfall}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox video game
| title = Big Chungus
| image = Shrek-cover.jpg
| developer = [[Televisa]]
| publisher = Germany
| platforms = [[Dildo]], [[Porn Hub]], [[Philips CDI]], [[Potato]], [[Fngud]], [[Nintendo 64]], [[Megaman X]]
| released = {{Collapsible list
| title = {{nobold|September 1982}}
| '''Atari 69'''
| September 1982
| '''Rick Mortu'''
| November 1982
| '''Bad vision'''
| February 1984
| '''Atari 0-bit family family'''
| March 1984
| '''Atari 9001'''
| March 1984
| '''Nintendo 64'''
| June 1984
| '''Ghay'''
| September 1984
}}
| genre = [[Platformer]]
| modes = [[Single-player]]
| designer = [[Adam Sandler]]
}}
'''''Pitfall!''''' is a [[video game]] developed by [[David Crane (programmer)|David Crane]] for the [[Atari 2600]] and released in 1982 by [[Activision]]. The player controls Pitfall Harry, who has a time limit of 20 minutes to seek treasure in a jungle. The game world is populated by enemies and hazards that variously cause the player to lose lives or points.
Crane had made several games for both [[Atari, Inc.]] and Activision before working on ''Pitfall!'' in 1982. He started with creating a new realistic-style walking animation for a person on the Atari 2600 hardware. After completing it, he fashioned a game around it. He used a jungle setting with items to collect and enemies to avoid, and the result became ''Pitfall!''
''Pitfall!'' received mostly positive reviews at the time of its release praising both its gameplay and graphics. The game was influential in the [[platform game]] genre and various publications have considered it one of the [[List of video games considered the best|greatest video games of all time]]. It is also one of the [[List of best-selling Atari 2600 video games|best-selling Atari 2600 video games]]. The game was ported to several contemporary video game systems. It has been included in various Activision compilation games and was included as a secret extra in later Activision published titles.
==Gameplay==
[[Image:A2600 Pitfall.png|thumb|left|Pitfall Harry swinging over a pit and two rolling logs. The score and timer are at the top. An enemy scorpion is in the cave area.]]
''Pitfall!'' is a video game set in a jungle where the player controls Pitfall Harry, a fortune hunter and explorer.{{sfn|Activision|1982|ref=manual}}{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=6}} ''Pitfall!'' has been characterized as a [[platformer]] by [[Nick Montfort]] and [[Ian Bogost]], the authors of ''[[Racing the Beam]]''.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=107}} Similar to ''[[Superman (1979 video game)|Superman]]'' (1979) and ''[[Adventure (1980 video game)|Adventure]]'' (1980), the game does not feature [[Side-scrolling video game|side-scrolling]] and instead loads one screen at a time, with a new screen appearing when the [[player character]], Pitfall Harry, moves to the edge of the screen.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=107}} The goal is to get Harry as many points as possible within a twenty-minute time limit. The player starts the game with 2,000 points and can collect a total of 32 treasure hidden among 255 scenes to increase their total, ranging from a money bag worth 2,000 points to a diamond ring worth 5,000 points.{{sfn|Activision|1982|ref=manual}}
Pitfall Harry moves left and right and can jump over and onto objects, swing from vines, and climb up and down ladders to seek treasure and avoid danger. The player can lose points from hazards, such as falling down a hole or colliding with rolling logs. The player starts with three [[Life (video games)|lives]] and loses one if they sink into quicksand, swamps or tar pits or are hit by a scorpion, cobra rattler, or crocodile.{{sfn|Activision|1982|ref=manual}}
==Development==
''Pitfall!'' was developed by [[David Crane (programmer)|David Crane]] for [[Activision]].{{sfn|Activision|1982|ref=manual}} Crane had worked at [[Atari, Inc.]] in the late 1970s, developing games for the [[Atari Video Computer System]].{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=99}} The system became known as the Atari 2600 after the release of the [[Atari 5200]] in 1982.{{sfn|Montfort|2006}} After discovering the high profits Atari had made off games he developed, including ''[[Outlaw (1978 video game)|Outlaw]]'', ''[[Canyon Bomber]]'' and ''[[Slot Machine (video game)|Slot Machine]]'', he asked the president of Atari, [[Ray Kassar]], for recognition on these titles and a better pay.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=99-100}} When he was turned down, Crane and other Atari programmers left the company to form Activision in 1979.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=100}} Crane was the senior designer at Activision and created ''[[Dragster (video game)|Dragster]]'', ''[[Fishing Derby]]'', ''[[Laser Blast]]'', ''[[Freeway (video game)|Freeway]]'' and ''[[Grand Prix (video game)|Grand Prix]]'' for the company prior to the release of ''Pitfall!''{{sfn|Activision|1982|ref=manual}}
Crane stated his game design philosophy involved making the Atari 2600 do new and unexpected things. Crane said he "used this technique to lead me in a new direction of game design, and some of the tricks were to me as much as an accomplishment as solving the [[Rubik's Cube]] the first time".{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=105}} Early development of ''Pitfall!'' started with Crane trying to create realistically animated graphics on the Atari 2600.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=107}} This led to developing a moving man (which became the basis of Pitfall Harry) and, later, the scorpions and snake obstacles.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=108}} For three years, Crane experimented using the running-man character in different scenarios, such as a [[Tag (game)|cops and robbers]] game, but could not find a proper situation for it.{{sfn|Edge|2009|p=1}} Crane began implementing it into a game in 1982.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=108}} Crane stated having the running man animation led to putting him on a path, which led to placing the path in a jungle and giving the man a reason to run in order to hunt treasures and avoid enemies.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=108-109}} The jungle setting of the game was influenced by the 1981 film ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=109}}
Other influences came from [[Heckle and Jeckle]] cartoons, where two magpies outwit their enemies, including having the magpies run across the heads of crocodiles and just escaping their snapping jaws.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=109}} This led to the ability of Pitfall Harry being able to cross ponds infested with crocodiles if their jaws were closed.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=110}} Initially, to jump from one alligator head to another, the player had to move the joystick and jump at exactly the same time which Crane described as being "almost impossible to play. So I changed the code to allow you to direct Harry’s jump to the side, if you moved the joystick within a small instant from the time you pressed the button to jump. From a programming standpoint this was a tiny change, but it changed the gameplay from nearly impossible to an easily learned skill."{{sfn|Edge|2009|p=1}} Crane tried to make the sprite artwork for obstacles and the environment recognizable to players, despite the limitations of the Atari 2600. The process involved what Crane said was "a lot of [[trial-and-error]]".{{sfn|Edge2|2009|p=2}} When asked if the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)|Donkey Kong]]'' (1981) had inspired his game, Crane responded he did not draw any parallels to ''Pitfall!'' at the time and had already developed elements in his game that were present in both games, such as a human character, paths, and ladders.{{sfn|Hunt|p=83}}
Crane commented that "The entire [game design] process took about 10 minutes. About 1000 hours of programming later the game was complete."{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=108-109}} Much of Crane's time was spent optimizing and compressing the code so that it would fit into a four-[[kilobyte]] [[ROM cartridge]].{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=116}} Unlike ''[[Haunted House (video game)|Haunted House]]'' (1982) or ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark (video game)|Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' (1982), where the environments were hard-coded into the game, ''Pitfall!'' was generated constantly by code.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=110}} The game generates each screen based on a counter that could run either backwards or forwards depending which direction the player moved from screen to screen.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=111}} The 8 [[bit]]s in the counter were used to determine certain details such as the background, trees, ground and object patterns, allowing 255 screens to occupy fewer than 50 bytes of ROM.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=111-112}} Activision had created design centers for their games, which were small, close-knit teams of four to five people.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=103}} These teams encouraged [[peer review]]s and shared [[prototype]]s of games. In ''Pitfall!'', Crane's team changed the initial number of lives in the game from one to three during the final week of development.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=104}} Crane said that "my buddies practically tied me to my chair until I put in extra lives and I'm glad they did".{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=104}}
==Release==
''Pitfall!'' was released for the Atari 2600 in September 1982.{{sfn|Blanchet|1982|p=C6}} The game was later released for the [[Intellivision]] in November 1982.{{sfn|CashBox|1982|ref=CashBoxHomeVideo}} To promote the game, Activision held a promotion between November 15 and December 13, 1982, in various markets across the United States for a chance to win $5,000 in gold.{{sfn|CashBox|1982b|ref=CashBoxPrize}} In January 1984, it was announced that ''Pitfall!'' would be released along with other Acitivision titles such as ''[[River Raid]]'', ''[[Megamania]]'', and ''[[Beamrider]]'' for the [[Atari 5200]], [[ColecoVision]], [[Commodore 64]], and [[MSX]].{{sfn|The Video Game Update|1984|ref=VGU1984}}{{sfn|Onosko|1982|p=41}}{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}}{{sfn|Fox|2013|p=216}} ''Pitfall!'' was subsequently released for the ColecoVision in February, the [[Atari 8-bit family|Atari Computer]] and Atari 5200 in March, and the Commodore 64 in June.{{sfn|The Video Game Update|1984b|ref=VGU19842}}{{sfn|Atari Computers|1984|ref=Atari1984}}{{sfn|The Video Game Update|1984c|ref=VGUDec1984}} It was released in Japan for the MSX in September 1984.{{sfn|MSX Magazine|1984|ref=MSX}}
''Pitfall!'' was included in various video games collections, including ''Activision Classics'' (1998) for the PlayStation, ''[[Activision Anthology]]'' (2002) for [[PlayStation 2]], and ''Activision Hits Remixed'' in 2006 for the [[PlayStation Portable]].{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}} The game was also a secret extra in Activision-published titles like ''[[Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure]]'' (1994), ''[[Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare]]'' (2016), and ''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War]]'' (2020).{{sfn|Rogers|Miller|1994}}{{sfn|Takashi|2016}}{{sfn|Park|2020}}
==Reception==
{{Video game reviews
| A2600 = true
| CV = true
| INT = true
| Allgame_A2600 = 5/5{{sfn|Marriott}}
| Allgame_INT = 4.5/5{{sfn|Sutyak}}
| rev1 = ''Arcade Express''
| rev1_A2600 = 8/10{{sfn|Arcade Express|1982|ref=ArcExpress}}
| rev2 = ''[[Computer and Video Games]]''
| rev2_A2600 = 78%{{sfn|Computer and Video Games|1989|ref=CaV}}
| rev2_CV = 79%{{sfn|Computer and Video Games|1989|ref=CaV}}
| rev3 = ''Computer Games''
| rev3_A2600 = A{{sfn|Computer Games|1985|ref=CG1985}}
| rev3_CV = A{{sfn|Computer Games|1985|ref=CG1985}}
| rev4 = ''[[Electronic Games]]''
| rev4_A2600 = 9/10{{sfn|Kunkel|p=97|ref=Kunk84}}
| rev4_INT = 7/10{{sfn|Electronic Games|1983|ref=EC1983}}
| rev6 = ''Video Games Player''
| rev6_A2600 = A{{sfn|Video Games Player|1982|ref=VGP}}
| rev5 = ''JoyStik How to Win at Video Games''
| rev5_A2600 = 5/5{{sfn|White|1983|p=57}}
}}
In contemporary reviews, critics praised the gameplay and graphics in publications like ''Arcade Express'' and ''[[Electronic Fun with Computers & Games]]'', with the former stating that it "may well be the best adventure game yet produced for the VCS".{{sfn|Arcade Express|1982|ref=ArcExpress}}{{sfn|Renzy|1982|p=12}} The reviewer for ''Blip'' stated that the game was similar to ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)|Donkey Kong]]'' (1981), but that "this is one case where inspiration didn't lead to imitation. ''Pitfall'' is its own game. It's also a heck of a lot of fun."{{sfn|Blip|1983|ref=BlipMag}} In ''JoyStik: How to Win at Video Games'', the game was named as one of the ten best games of 1982.{{sfn|White|1983|p=63}} The Atari 2600 version of ''Pitfall!'' was awarded "Best Adventure Video Game" at the 4th annual [[Arkie Awards]] in 1983.{{sfn|Kunkel|Katz|1983|pp=30; 108}}
Reviewing the Intellivision version in March 1983, Phil Wiswell wrote in ''Video Games'' that it was the same game in every aspect as the Atari 2600 version, but criticized the release for not taking advantage enough of Intellivision's graphical capabilities.{{sfn|Wiswell|1983|p=70}} ''[[Electronic Games]]'', in their "1983 Software Encyclopedia" issue, noted that the game required "more arcade-type skills than intuition or logic".{{sfn|Electronic Games|1983|ref=EC1983}}
''Pitfall!'' was the highest-selling video game from late 1982 to the first quarter of 1983.{{sfn|Electronic Games|1983b|ref=EC1983b}} The game sold {{nowrap|1 million}} units in 1982.{{sfn|Sigel|Giglio|1984|p=22}} It held the top spot on the Top Video Games ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' charts for 64 consecutive weeks and went on to sell over {{nowrap|3.5 million}} units by 1984.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=99}}{{sfn|Capparell|1984}} It is one of the [[List of best-selling Atari 2600 video games|best-selling games on the Atari 2600]], with over four million copies sold {{as of|2008|lc=y}}.{{sfn|Buchanan|2008}} All versions of the game sold over {{nowrap|5 million}} copies worldwide by 1998.{{sfn|Dawson|1998|p=4}}
===Retrospective reviews===
Later 1980s reviews continued to praise the game, such as the reviewer for ''Computer Games'', who gave the game an A-rating in their 1985 game guide, praising the graphics as "gorgeous and cartoony" and declaring it a "terrific game for action fans".{{sfn|Computer Games|1985|ref=CG1985}} ''[[Computer and Video Games]]'' (1989) stated that ''Pitfall!'' was a "bright and cheery game" that offered plenty of long-term gameplay, continuing that the "game style might look a bit crumbly, but the action is a heap of fun".{{sfn|Computer and Video Games|1989|ref=CaV}}
Scott Alan Marriott of the online game database [[AllGame]] wrote that the variety of threats you encounter on each screen made ''Pitfall!'' one of the most exciting and best-looking games on the Atari 2600.{{sfn|Marriott}} Brett Alan Weiss included the game in his book ''The 100 Greatest Console Video Games 1977–1987'' (2014) and criticized that the Atari 5200 version of the game had poor controls and the Intellivision version for requiring a second button for letting go of vines.{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}} Weiss found the ColecoVision version designed by Action Graphics to be the best of the three versions with improved visuals over the Atari 2600 game, although it failed to take true advantage of the systems graphic capabilities.{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}}
''Pitfall!'' has been included in several [[List of video games considered the best|best-of video games lists]] from various publications, such as ''Electronic Fun with Computers & Games'' in 1984, ''[[Flux (magazine)|Flux]]'' (1995) where it placed 33rd, ''[[Game Informer]]'' (2001) where it placed 41st, and ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' (2012).{{sfn|Amrich|Barbagallo|East|Hudak|1995|p=28}}{{sfn|Cork|2009}}{{sfn|Electronic Fun with Computers & Games|1984|ref=EFCG}}{{sfn|Time|2012|ref=TimeMag}}
==Legacy==
[[File:David Crane (10453626776) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[David Crane (programmer)|David Crane]] in 2013]]
''Pitfall!'' was described by authors Montfort and Bogost in ''Racing the Beam'' as an important early platformer, a game genre made famous by ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' (1985).{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=107}} They wrote that ''Pitfall!'' was a much longer game than previous Atari VCS games. These other games were often ports of arcade games which were designed to be a short experience to keep the player pay to play, but even native games could be rather short—the easiest difficulty of ''[[Adventure (1980 video game)|Adventure]]'' can be completed in just two minutes.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=112-113}} The authors said that ''Pitfall!'' built upon the [[graphic adventure game]] genre of ''Adventure'' to create an experience similar to later [[open-world]] games. According to them, the world was too large to be contemplated all at once, and a few core gameplay mechanics allowed a variety of more complex actions and possibilities.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|pp=113-114}} [[Jeff Gerstmann]] of ''[[GameSpot]]'' spoke similarly in 2004 when including ''Pitfall!'' in the site's "Greatest Games of All Time" list, stating that the game was "responsible for launching the platformer genre as we know it" and that "Despite the fact that platformers have become a lot more sophisticated, especially since video games in general made the shift to 3D, it's surprising how little the fundamentals—like jumping around, avoiding enemies and obstacles, and collecting stuff—have changed since ''Pitfall!''"{{sfn|Gerstmann}}
Unlike [[Mario]] or [[Pac-Man (character)|Pac-Man]], who originated in [[arcade game]]s, Pitfall Harry was the first popular video game character originating in home consoles.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=109}} The character was featured on licensed merchandise and appeared on the cartoon show ''[[Saturday Supercade]]'', which aired from 1983 to 1985 on [[CBS]].{{sfn|Erickson|1993|p=430}} Pitfall Harry was dropped for its second season.{{sfn|Erickson|1993|p=431}}
===Follow-ups===
''Pitfall!'' spawned numerous sequels for consoles.{{sfn|Montfort|Bogost|2009|p=109}} These include ''[[Pitfall II: Lost Caverns]]'' (1984), ''[[Super Pitfall]]'' (1986) for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]], ''[[Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure]]'' (1994) for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] and [[Sega Genesis]], ''[[Pitfall 3D: Beyond the Jungle]]'' (1998) for the [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]], ''Pitfall: Beyond the Jungle'' (1998) for the [[Game Boy Color]], and ''[[Pitfall: The Lost Expedition]]'' for various systems in 2004.{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}}{{sfn|Automatic|1994|p=51}}{{sfn|MetacriticA|ref=MetacriticA}}{{sfn|MetacriticB|ref=MetacriticB}}{{sfn|MetacriticC|ref=MetacriticC}}
[[Sega]] released ''[[Pitfall II: Lost Caverns (arcade game)|Pitfall II: Lost Caverns]]'' (1985) to arcades, which incorporated elements of ''Pitfall!'' and ''Pitfall II: Lost Caverns'' from the Atari 2600.{{sfn|Weiss|2014|p=171}} Activision's UK-based studio The Blast Furnace released a follow-up titled ''[[Pitfall! (2012 video game)|Pitfall!]]'' (2012) for [[iOS]] on August 9, 2012.{{sfn|PR Newswire|2012|ref=PR Newswire}} It features gameplay similar to that of ''[[Temple Run]]'' (2011).{{sfn|Nichols|2012}}
''Pitfall!'' remained the game that Crane has been most associated with. In 2012, he stated that "I suppose that's not a bad problem to have, It's not a dark shadow. But I'm not just a classic gaming guy. This is what I do for a living!"{{sfn|Cifaldi|2012}} In the same year, he started a [[crowdfunding]] campaign [[Kickstarter]] to fund a [[spiritual successor]] to the ''Pitfall!'' series, but it fell far short of his funding goal.{{sfn|Cifaldi|2012}}{{sfn|Kohler|2012}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Video games}}
* [[List of Activision games: 1980–1999]]
==References==
{{reflist|20em}}
===Sources===
* {{cite book | title=Activision Pitfall! Instructions | publisher=[[Activision]] | year=1982 | ref=manual|id=AX-018-03}}
* {{Cite magazine |date=April 1995 |url=https://archive.org/details/flux-issue-4/page/n29/mode/2up |magazine=[[Flux (magazine)|Flux]]|title=The Top 100 Video Games |issue=4 |pages=31|issn=1074-5602|last1=Amrich|first1=Dan|last2=Barbagallo|first2=Ralph|last3=East|first3=Mark|last4=Hudak|first4=Chris|last5=Kitts|first5=Jeff|last6=Meston|first6=Zach|last7=Yang|first7=Jeff|author-link1=Dan Amrich}}
* {{cite magazine|title=The Hotseat: Reviews of New Products|magazine=Arcade Express|date=August 30, 1982|volume=1|issue=2|page=6|url=http://www.digitpress.com/library/newsletters/arcadeexpress/arcade_express_v1n2.pdf|access-date=June 10, 2023| ref=ArcExpress}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=Atari Computers|volume=3|issue=11|date=April 1984|title=Colecovision|page=16| ref=Atari1984}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Automatic|first=Radion |url=http://oldgamemags.ukprintarchive.com/Multi-format%20Publications/Computer%20&%20Video%20Games/CVG%20(1994-12)%20157%20(EMAP).pdf/#page/50|title=Pitfall 2|magazine=[[Computer and Video Games]]|issue=157|date=December 1994|page=51 |access-date=June 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925180414/http://oldgamemags.ukprintarchive.com/Multi-format%20Publications/Computer%20%26%20Video%20Games/CVG%20%281994-12%29%20157%20%28EMAP%29.pdf/#page/50|archive-date=September 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite news|newspaper=[[The Santa Fe New Mexican]]|date=July 31, 1982|page=C6|title=How to Beat the Video Games|last=Blanchet|first=Michael|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/72773873/atari-2600-news-megamania-pitfall/|access-date=June 10, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=Blip|title=Player's Choice|pages=16–17|issue=1|date=February 1983|publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]|location=United States|ref=BlipMag}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/08/26/top-10-best-selling-atari-2600-games|title=Top 10 Best-Selling Atari 2600 Games|first=Levi|last=Buchanan |website=[[IGN]]|date=August 26, 2008|access-date=June 11, 2023}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.atarimagazines.com/v3n2/levy.html |title=Activision's James Levy: A software success story |last=Capparell |first=James |publisher=[[Antic (magazine)|Antic]] |date=June 1984 |access-date=April 22, 2017}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Home Video Game Suppliers, Titles Continue to Proliferate|magazine=Cash Box|date=September 4, 1982|page=24|volume=44|issue=15|ref=CashBoxHomeVideo}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Activision Sets Five Week "Pitfall Treasure Hunt"|page=17|magazine=[[Cash Box]]|volume=44|issue=26|date=November 20, 1982b|ref=CashBoxPrize}}
* {{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019221411/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/177270/Living_in_Pitfalls_shadow.php|url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/177270/Living_in_Pitfalls_shadow.php|title=Living in Pitfall!'s Shadow|work=[[Game Developer (website)|Gamasutra]]|date=September 6, 2012|last=Cifaldi|first=Frank|archive-date=October 19, 2012|access-date=June 11, 2023|author-link=Frank Cifaldi}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Complete Games Guide |magazine=[[Computer and Video Games]] |date=October 16, 1989 |issue=Complete Guide to Consoles |page=65 |url=https://retrocdn.net/images/9/98/CompleteGuideToConsoles_UK_01.pdf|access-date=June 10, 2023|location=United Kingdom|ref=CaV}}
* {{cite magazine |title=1985 Software Buyer's Guide|magazine=Computer Games|date=February 1985 |volume=3 |issue=5 |publisher=Carnegie Publications |location=United States |page=53 |url=https://archive.org/details/Computer_Games_Vol_3_No_5_1985-02_Carnegie_Publications_US/page/n13/mode/2up|via=[[Archive.org]]| ref=CG1985}}
* {{Cite magazine|last=Cork|first=Jeff|title=Game Informer's Top 100 Games Of All Time (Circa Issue 100)|url=https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2009/11/16/game-informer-s-top-100-games-of-all-time-circa-issue-100.aspx|access-date=June 11, 2023|magazine=[[Game Informer]]|date=November 16, 2009}}
* {{cite book | title=Activision Pitfall! Instructions | publisher=[[Activision]] | year=1982 | id=AX-018-03|chapter=How to Seek Your Fortune with Pitfall Harry|last=Crane|first=David|author-link=David Crane (programmer)}}
* {{cite magazine |last1=Dawson |first1=Angela |title=Pitfall Harry to Life for Activision |magazine=[[Adweek]] |date=1998 |page=4 |publisher=A/S/M Communications. |quote=The pit-hopping action game has sold more than {{nowrap|5 million}} copies worldwide.}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]]|title=The Making of: Pitfall!|date=June 29, 2009|access-date=June 11, 2023|archive-date=May 31, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531132929/http://www.edge-online.com/features/making-pitfall/|url=http://www.edge-online.com/features/making-pitfall/ |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Edge|2009}}}}
** {{cite magazine|magazine=[[Edge (magazine)|Edge]]|title=The Making Of: Pitfall!|date=June 29, 2009|access-date=June 11, 2023|archive-date=June 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618172544/http://www.edge-online.com/features/making-pitfall/2/|url=http://www.edge-online.com/features/making-pitfall/2/ |page=2 |ref={{harvid|Edge2|2009}}}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=Electronic Fun with Computers & Games|volume=2|issue=5|date=March 1984|page=26|title=EF's 50 Best Games|ref=EFCG}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=[[Electronic Games|Electronic Games 1983 Software Encyclopedia]]|title=Intellvision|issn=0736-8488|publisher=Reese Communications|year=1983|volume=1|issue=1|pages=40–41|ref=EC1983}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Journey to the Land of Fantasy|date=June 1983b|issn=0730-6687|magazine=[[Electronic Games]]|page=49|ref=EC1983b|volume=1|issue=16}}
* {{cite book|title=Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia 1949 through 1993|last=Erickson|first=Hal|author-link=Hal Erickson (author)|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn=0-7864-0029-3|year=1993}}
* {{cite book|title=The Video Games Guide|last=Fox|first=Matt|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc.|isbn=978-0-7864-7257-4|year=2013}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/all/greatestgames/p-42.html|title=The Greatest Games of All Time: Pitfall!|website=[[GameSpot]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040327080448/http://gamespot.com/gamespot/features/all/greatestgames/p-42.html | archive-date=March 27, 2004|access-date=June 11, 2023|last=Gerstmann|first=Jeff}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=[[Retro Gamer]]|title=The History of Pitfall!|first=Stuart|last=Hunt|issue=107}}
* {{cite magazine | url=https://www.wired.com/2012/08/david-crane-jungleventure-kickstarter/ | first=Chris | last=Kohler | title=''Pitfall!'' Creator David Crane Seeks $900K to Kickstart ''JungleVenture'' | magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | date=August 11, 2012 | access-date=June 11, 2023}}
* {{cite magazine|last1= Kunkel |first1= Bill |author-link1= Bill Kunkel (journalist)|last2= Katz |first2= Arnie |author-link2= Arnie Katz|date= February 1983 |title= Arcade Alley: The Fourth Annual Arcade Awards |magazine= [[Video (magazine)|Video]]|volume= 6|issue= 11|issn= 0147-8907}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Programmables/Atari 2600|magazine=[[Electronic Games|1984 Software Encyclopedia]]|publisher=Reese Communications|issn=0736-8488|issue=2|editor-last=Kunkel|editor-first=Bill|ref=Kunk84}}
* {{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114101100/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=8217&tab=review|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=8217&tab=review|title=Pitfall!|last=Marriott|first=Scott Alan|access-date=June 1, 2023|archive-date=November 14, 2014|publisher=[[AllGame]]}}
* {{cite magazine | url=http://www.ew.com/article/2013/01/25/the-10-best-atari-games | first=Aaron | last=Morales | title=The 10 Best Atari games | magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] | date=January 25, 2013 | access-date=April 17, 2016}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews/?platform=xbox|title=Pitfall: The Lost Expedition Critic Reviews for Xbox|publisher=Metacritic|access-date=January 24, 2014|archive-date=March 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308185710/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews|url-status=live|ref=MetacriticA}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews/?platform=pc|title=Pitfall: The Lost Expedition Critic Reviews for PC|publisher=Metacritic|access-date=January 24, 2014|archive-date=January 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127021054/http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews|url-status=live|ref=MetacriticB}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews/?platform=game-boy-advance|title=Pitfall: The Lost Expedition Critic Reviews for Game Boy Advance|publisher=Metacritic|access-date=January 24, 2014|archive-date=October 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002155547/https://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews|url-status=live|ref=MetacriticC}}
* {{cite journal|url=https://gamestudies.org/0601/articles/montfort|title=Combat in Context|last=Montfort|first=Nick|volume=6|issue=1|date=December 2006|issn=1604-7982|access-date=April 28, 2023|journal=Game Studies|author-link=Nick Montfort}}
* {{cite book|last1=Montfort|first1=Nick|last2=Bogost|first2=Ian|title=Racing the Beam|publisher=[[MIT Press]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-262-01257-7|title-link=Racing the Beam|author-link2=Ian Bogost}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=MSX Magazine|date=September 1984|title=アクティビジョン第1弾 ポニカより9月5日発売|language=Japanese|ref=MSX}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/gaming/levelup/a398989/mobile-review-round-up-pitfall-organ-trail-farming-simulator-more.html|title=
Mobile Review Round-up: Pitfall, Organ Trail, Farming Simulator, more|date=August 13, 2012|last=Nichols|first=Scott|work=[[Digital Spy]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814170740/https://www.digitalspy.com/gaming/levelup/a398989/mobile-review-round-up-pitfall-organ-trail-farming-simulator-more.html|archive-date=August 14, 2012|access-date=June 10, 2023}}
* {{cite news|newspaper=[[The Capital Times]]|last=Onosko|first=Tim|date=October 22, 1982|title=Fall Home Video Games More Fun and Challenge|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/73055221/|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=June 10, 2023}}
* {{cite web|title=I Can't Stop Playing Pitfall in Call of Duty: Black Ops – Cold War|access-date=June 10, 2023|date=November 13, 2020|last=Park|first=Morgan|work=[[PCGamer]]|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/i-cant-stop-playing-pitfall-in-call-of-duty-black-ops-cold-war/}}
* {{cite web|work=[[PR Newswire]]|title=30-Years and Still Swinging – Activision's Legendary Jungle-Crawler Pitfall!™ Debuts on iPhone, iPad & iPod Touch|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bwh&AN=201208090900PR.NEWS.USPR.LA54858&site=eds-live&scope=site|access-date=June 10, 2023|url-access=subscription|date=August 9, 2012|ref=PR Newswire}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Video Game Explosion! We Rate Every Game in the World |magazine=[[Electronic Fun with Computers & Games]] |date=December 1982 |volume=1 |issue=2 |publisher=Fun & Games Publishing|url=https://archive.org/details/Electronic_Fun_with_Computer_Games_Vol_01_No_02_1982-12_Fun_Games_Publishing_US/page/n11/mode/2up|via=Archive.org|last=Renzy|first=Aaron}}
* {{cite web|last1=Rogers|first1=Adam|last2=Miller|first2=Annetta|title=Nostalgia Has its Own Pitfalls|work=[[Newsweek]]|volume=124|issue=20|date=November 14, 1994|page=14|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=9411117593&site=eds-live&scope=site|access-date=June 10, 2023|url-access=subscription}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sigel|first1=Efrem|last2=Giglio|first2=Louis|title=Guide to Software Publishing: An Industry Emerges|year=1984|publisher=Knowledge Industry Publications|isbn=978-0-86729-108-7|quote=Pitfall won the award from Electronic Games magazine as the best video game adventure of 1983, and in 1982 sold more than {{nowrap|1 million}} copies.}}
* {{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114143537/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=12290&tab=review|url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=12290&tab=review|access-date=June 5, 2023|archive-date=November 14, 2014|publisher=AllGame|last=Sutyak|first=Jonathan|title=Pitfall!}}
* {{cite magazine|title=All-Time 100 Video Games|url=http://techland.time.com/2012/11/15/all-time-100-video-games/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=October 28, 2017|date=November 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307075016/http://techland.time.com/2012/11/15/all-time-100-video-games/|archive-date=March 7, 2016|ref=TimeMag}}
* {{cite web|title=How Infinity Ward Designed Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare's Zombies in Spaceland Co-op Mode|access-date=June 10, 2023|date=September 3, 2016|last=Takashi|first=Dean|work=[[VentureBeat]]|url=https://venturebeat.com/games/infinite-warfares-zombies-in-spaceland-interview/}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Software Report Card |magazine=Video Games Player |date=September 1982 |volume=1 |issue=1 |publisher=Carnegie Publications |location=United States |pages=62–3 |url=https://archive.org/details/Video_Games_Player_Vol_1_No_1_1982-09_Carnegie_Publications_US/page/n61/mode/2up|ref=VGP}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=[[Computer Entertainer|The Video Game Update]]|volume=2|issue=10|date=January 1984|title=The Continuing Adventures of Pitall Harry|page=148| ref=VGU1984}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=The Video Game Update|volume=2|issue=11|date=February 1984b|title=Colecovision|page=176| ref=VGU19842}}
* {{cite magazine|magazine=The Video Game Update|volume=3|issue=9|date=December 1984c|title=The Year in Review|page=143| ref=VGUDec1984}}
* {{cite book|title=The 100 Greatest Console Video Games 1977-1987|last=Weiss|first=Brett|year=2014|isbn=978-0-7643-4618-7|publisher=[[Schiffer Publishing]]}}
* {{Cite magazine |date=January 1983 |editor-last=White |editor-first=Matthew |title=10 Top Software Games for the New Year |url=https://archive.org/details/joystik_magazine-1983-01/page/n57/mode/2up |journal=JoyStik |publisher=Publications International, LTD. |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=57}}
* {{cite magazine|title=Soft Spot: New Games from Well-Known Names|last=Wiswell|first=Phil|page=70|magazine=Video Games|volume=1|issue=6|date=March 1983}}
==External links==
* {{moby game|id=/pitfall}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090816202310/http://www.atariage.com/software_page.html?SoftwareLabelID=360 ''Pitfall!''] at AtariAge
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBT1OK6VAIU ''Pitfall!'' Postmortem] at the 2011 [[Game Developers Conference]] via [[GameSpot]]
{{Pitfall!|state=expanded}}
{{Activision}}
{{Atari 2600}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pitfall 01}}
[[Category:1982 video games]]
[[Category:Activision games]]
[[Category:Atari 2600 games]]
[[Category:Atari 5200 games]]
[[Category:Atari 8-bit family games]]
[[Category:ColecoVision games]]
[[Category:Commodore 64 games]]
[[Category:Intellivision games]]
[[Category:MSX games]]
[[Category:Pitfall (series)]]
[[Category:Microsoft franchises]]
[[Category:Video games adapted into television shows]]
[[Category:Video games designed by David Crane (programmer)]]
[[Category:Video games developed in the United States]]
[[Category:Video games set in jungles]]
[[Category:Single-player video games]]' |
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1982 holocaust</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the video game. For other uses, see <a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pitfall (disambiguation)">Pitfall</a>.</div>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1982 video game</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1218072481">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1117680521">.mw-parser-output .ib-video-game .infobox-label{white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em}.mw-parser-output .ib-video-game .infobox-above{font-style:italic}</style><table class="infobox ib-video-game hproduct"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Big Chungus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/info/en/?search=Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Shrek-cover.jpg" class="new" title="File:Shrek-cover.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media">File:Shrek-cover.jpg</span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/info/en/?search=Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=Televisa" title="Televisa">Televisa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/info/en/?search=Video_game_publisher" title="Video game publisher">Publisher(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/info/en/?search=Video_game_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game designer">Designer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/info/en/?search=Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=Dildo" title="Dildo">Dildo</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Porn_Hub" class="mw-redirect" title="Porn Hub">Porn Hub</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Philips_CDI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philips CDI (page does not exist)">Philips CDI</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Potato" title="Potato">Potato</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Fngud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fngud (page does not exist)">Fngud</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Megaman_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaman X">Megaman X</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;">
<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">September 1982</span></div></div>
<ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Atari 69</b>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> September 1982
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Rick Mortu</b>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> November 1982
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Bad vision</b>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> February 1984
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Atari 0-bit family family</b>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> March 1984
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Atari 9001</b>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> March 1984
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Nintendo 64</b>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> June 1984
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Ghay</b>
</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> September 1984
</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/info/en/?search=Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Genre(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=Platformer" title="Platformer">Platformer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mode(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/info/en/?search=Single-player" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-player">Single-player</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><i><b>Pitfall!</b></i> is a <a href="/info/en/?search=Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> developed by <a href="/info/en/?search=David_Crane_(programmer)" title="David Crane (programmer)">David Crane</a> for the <a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a> and released in 1982 by <a href="/info/en/?search=Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a>. The player controls Pitfall Harry, who has a time limit of 20 minutes to seek treasure in a jungle. The game world is populated by enemies and hazards that variously cause the player to lose lives or points.
</p><p>Crane had made several games for both <a href="/info/en/?search=Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari, Inc.</a> and Activision before working on <i>Pitfall!</i> in 1982. He started with creating a new realistic-style walking animation for a person on the Atari 2600 hardware. After completing it, he fashioned a game around it. He used a jungle setting with items to collect and enemies to avoid, and the result became <i>Pitfall!</i>
</p><p><i>Pitfall!</i> received mostly positive reviews at the time of its release praising both its gameplay and graphics. The game was influential in the <a href="/info/en/?search=Platform_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform game">platform game</a> genre and various publications have considered it one of the <a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_video_games_considered_the_best" title="List of video games considered the best">greatest video games of all time</a>. It is also one of the <a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_best-selling_Atari_2600_video_games" title="List of best-selling Atari 2600 video games">best-selling Atari 2600 video games</a>. The game was ported to several contemporary video game systems. It has been included in various Activision compilation games and was included as a secret extra in later Activision published titles.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Gameplay"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Gameplay</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Development"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Development</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Release"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Release</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Reception"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Reception</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Retrospective_reviews"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Retrospective reviews</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Follow-ups"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Follow-ups</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gameplay">Gameplay</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:A2600_Pitfall.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/A2600_Pitfall.png/220px-A2600_Pitfall.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/54/A2600_Pitfall.png 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="226" /></a><figcaption>Pitfall Harry swinging over a pit and two rolling logs. The score and timer are at the top. An enemy scorpion is in the cave area.</figcaption></figure>
<p><i>Pitfall!</i> is a video game set in a jungle where the player controls Pitfall Harry, a fortune hunter and explorer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActivision1982_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActivision1982-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost20096_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost20096-2">[2]</a></sup> <i>Pitfall!</i> has been characterized as a <a href="/info/en/?search=Platformer" title="Platformer">platformer</a> by <a href="/info/en/?search=Nick_Montfort" title="Nick Montfort">Nick Montfort</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Ian_Bogost" title="Ian Bogost">Ian Bogost</a>, the authors of <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Racing_the_Beam" title="Racing the Beam">Racing the Beam</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107-3">[3]</a></sup> Similar to <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Superman_(1979_video_game)" title="Superman (1979 video game)">Superman</a></i> (1979) and <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Adventure_(1980_video_game)" title="Adventure (1980 video game)">Adventure</a></i> (1980), the game does not feature <a href="/info/en/?search=Side-scrolling_video_game" title="Side-scrolling video game">side-scrolling</a> and instead loads one screen at a time, with a new screen appearing when the <a href="/info/en/?search=Player_character" title="Player character">player character</a>, Pitfall Harry, moves to the edge of the screen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107-3">[3]</a></sup> The goal is to get Harry as many points as possible within a twenty-minute time limit. The player starts the game with 2,000 points and can collect a total of 32 treasure hidden among 255 scenes to increase their total, ranging from a money bag worth 2,000 points to a diamond ring worth 5,000 points.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActivision1982_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActivision1982-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>Pitfall Harry moves left and right and can jump over and onto objects, swing from vines, and climb up and down ladders to seek treasure and avoid danger. The player can lose points from hazards, such as falling down a hole or colliding with rolling logs. The player starts with three <a href="/info/en/?search=Life_(video_games)" title="Life (video games)">lives</a> and loses one if they sink into quicksand, swamps or tar pits or are hit by a scorpion, cobra rattler, or crocodile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActivision1982_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActivision1982-1">[1]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Development">Development</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p><i>Pitfall!</i> was developed by <a href="/info/en/?search=David_Crane_(programmer)" title="David Crane (programmer)">David Crane</a> for <a href="/info/en/?search=Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActivision1982_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActivision1982-1">[1]</a></sup> Crane had worked at <a href="/info/en/?search=Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari, Inc.</a> in the late 1970s, developing games for the <a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_Video_Computer_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari Video Computer System">Atari Video Computer System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost200999_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost200999-4">[4]</a></sup> The system became known as the Atari 2600 after the release of the <a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_5200" title="Atari 5200">Atari 5200</a> in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfort2006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfort2006-5">[5]</a></sup> After discovering the high profits Atari had made off games he developed, including <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Outlaw_(1978_video_game)" title="Outlaw (1978 video game)">Outlaw</a></i>, <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Canyon_Bomber" title="Canyon Bomber">Canyon Bomber</a></i> and <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Slot_Machine_(video_game)" title="Slot Machine (video game)">Slot Machine</a></i>, he asked the president of Atari, <a href="/info/en/?search=Ray_Kassar" title="Ray Kassar">Ray Kassar</a>, for recognition on these titles and a better pay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost200999–100_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost200999–100-6">[6]</a></sup> When he was turned down, Crane and other Atari programmers left the company to form Activision in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009100_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009100-7">[7]</a></sup> Crane was the senior designer at Activision and created <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Dragster_(video_game)" title="Dragster (video game)">Dragster</a></i>, <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Fishing_Derby" title="Fishing Derby">Fishing Derby</a></i>, <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Laser_Blast" title="Laser Blast">Laser Blast</a></i>, <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Freeway_(video_game)" title="Freeway (video game)">Freeway</a></i> and <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Grand_Prix_(video_game)" title="Grand Prix (video game)">Grand Prix</a></i> for the company prior to the release of <i>Pitfall!</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActivision1982_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActivision1982-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>Crane stated his game design philosophy involved making the Atari 2600 do new and unexpected things. Crane said he "used this technique to lead me in a new direction of game design, and some of the tricks were to me as much as an accomplishment as solving the <a href="/info/en/?search=Rubik%27s_Cube" title="Rubik's Cube">Rubik's Cube</a> the first time".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009105_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009105-8">[8]</a></sup> Early development of <i>Pitfall!</i> started with Crane trying to create realistically animated graphics on the Atari 2600.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107-3">[3]</a></sup> This led to developing a moving man (which became the basis of Pitfall Harry) and, later, the scorpions and snake obstacles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108-9">[9]</a></sup> For three years, Crane experimented using the running-man character in different scenarios, such as a <a href="/info/en/?search=Tag_(game)" title="Tag (game)">cops and robbers</a> game, but could not find a proper situation for it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdge20091_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdge20091-10">[10]</a></sup> Crane began implementing it into a game in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108-9">[9]</a></sup> Crane stated having the running man animation led to putting him on a path, which led to placing the path in a jungle and giving the man a reason to run in order to hunt treasures and avoid enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108–109_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108–109-11">[11]</a></sup> The jungle setting of the game was influenced by the 1981 film <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p><p>Other influences came from <a href="/info/en/?search=Heckle_and_Jeckle" title="Heckle and Jeckle">Heckle and Jeckle</a> cartoons, where two magpies outwit their enemies, including having the magpies run across the heads of crocodiles and just escaping their snapping jaws.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109-12">[12]</a></sup> This led to the ability of Pitfall Harry being able to cross ponds infested with crocodiles if their jaws were closed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009110_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009110-13">[13]</a></sup> Initially, to jump from one alligator head to another, the player had to move the joystick and jump at exactly the same time which Crane described as being "almost impossible to play. So I changed the code to allow you to direct Harry’s jump to the side, if you moved the joystick within a small instant from the time you pressed the button to jump. From a programming standpoint this was a tiny change, but it changed the gameplay from nearly impossible to an easily learned skill."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdge20091_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdge20091-10">[10]</a></sup> Crane tried to make the sprite artwork for obstacles and the environment recognizable to players, despite the limitations of the Atari 2600. The process involved what Crane said was "a lot of <a href="/info/en/?search=Trial-and-error" class="mw-redirect" title="Trial-and-error">trial-and-error</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdge220092_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdge220092-14">[14]</a></sup> When asked if the arcade game <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donkey Kong (arcade game)">Donkey Kong</a></i> (1981) had inspired his game, Crane responded he did not draw any parallels to <i>Pitfall!</i> at the time and had already developed elements in his game that were present in both games, such as a human character, paths, and ladders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt83_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunt83-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p><p>Crane commented that "The entire [game design] process took about 10 minutes. About 1000 hours of programming later the game was complete."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108–109_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108–109-11">[11]</a></sup> Much of Crane's time was spent optimizing and compressing the code so that it would fit into a four-<a href="/info/en/?search=Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">kilobyte</a> <a href="/info/en/?search=ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">ROM cartridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009116_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009116-16">[16]</a></sup> Unlike <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Haunted_House_(video_game)" title="Haunted House (video game)">Haunted House</a></i> (1982) or <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark_(video_game)" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark (video game)">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a></i> (1982), where the environments were hard-coded into the game, <i>Pitfall!</i> was generated constantly by code.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009110_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009110-13">[13]</a></sup> The game generates each screen based on a counter that could run either backwards or forwards depending which direction the player moved from screen to screen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009111_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009111-17">[17]</a></sup> The 8 <a href="/info/en/?search=Bit" title="Bit">bits</a> in the counter were used to determine certain details such as the background, trees, ground and object patterns, allowing 255 screens to occupy fewer than 50 bytes of ROM.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009111–112_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009111–112-18">[18]</a></sup> Activision had created design centers for their games, which were small, close-knit teams of four to five people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009103_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009103-19">[19]</a></sup> These teams encouraged <a href="/info/en/?search=Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer reviews</a> and shared <a href="/info/en/?search=Prototype" title="Prototype">prototypes</a> of games. In <i>Pitfall!</i>, Crane's team changed the initial number of lives in the game from one to three during the final week of development.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009104_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009104-20">[20]</a></sup> Crane said that "my buddies practically tied me to my chair until I put in extra lives and I'm glad they did".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009104_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009104-20">[20]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Release">Release</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p><i>Pitfall!</i> was released for the Atari 2600 in September 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlanchet1982C6_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlanchet1982C6-21">[21]</a></sup> The game was later released for the <a href="/info/en/?search=Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a> in November 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashBox1982_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECashBox1982-22">[22]</a></sup> To promote the game, Activision held a promotion between November 15 and December 13, 1982, in various markets across the United States for a chance to win $5,000 in gold.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashBox1982b_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECashBox1982b-23">[23]</a></sup> In January 1984, it was announced that <i>Pitfall!</i> would be released along with other Acitivision titles such as <i><a href="/info/en/?search=River_Raid" title="River Raid">River Raid</a></i>, <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Megamania" title="Megamania">Megamania</a></i>, and <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Beamrider" title="Beamrider">Beamrider</a></i> for the <a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_5200" title="Atari 5200">Atari 5200</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=ColecoVision" title="ColecoVision">ColecoVision</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a>, and <a href="/info/en/?search=MSX" title="MSX">MSX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984-24">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnosko198241_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnosko198241-25">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171-26">[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2013216_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2013216-27">[27]</a></sup> <i>Pitfall!</i> was subsequently released for the ColecoVision in February, the <a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_8-bit_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari 8-bit family">Atari Computer</a> and Atari 5200 in March, and the Commodore 64 in June.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984b_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984b-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtari_Computers1984_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtari_Computers1984-29">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984c_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984c-30">[30]</a></sup> It was released in Japan for the MSX in September 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMSX_Magazine1984_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMSX_Magazine1984-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>Pitfall!</i> was included in various video games collections, including <i>Activision Classics</i> (1998) for the PlayStation, <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Activision_Anthology" title="Activision Anthology">Activision Anthology</a></i> (2002) for <a href="/info/en/?search=PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a>, and <i>Activision Hits Remixed</i> in 2006 for the <a href="/info/en/?search=PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171-26">[26]</a></sup> The game was also a secret extra in Activision-published titles like <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall:_The_Mayan_Adventure" title="Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure">Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure</a></i> (1994), <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Call_of_Duty:_Infinite_Warfare" title="Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare">Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare</a></i> (2016), and <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Call_of_Duty:_Black_Ops_Cold_War" title="Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War">Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War</a></i> (2020).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersMiller1994_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersMiller1994-32">[32]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETakashi2016_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakashi2016-33">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPark2020_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPark2020-34">[34]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217379840">.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 1em 1em;text-align:center;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .vgr-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .vgr-none{float:none;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .vgr-single{width:23em}.mw-parser-output .vgr-edit-on-wikidata{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-top:none;padding:0.2em;background:#d1dbdf;color:#333;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews table{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;font-size:88%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews td,.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews th,.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews caption{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews caption{border-bottom:none;background:#d1dbdf;color:#333;text-align:center;padding:0.2em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews th{background:#eaecf0;color:#333}.mw-parser-output .vgr-awards td{background:#f2f2f2;color:#333}.mw-parser-output .vgr-hrow th{background:#e8f4f8;color:#333}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews .table-na{color:#707070}.mw-parser-output .vgr-reviews,.mw-parser-output .vgr-reviews tr:last-child td,.mw-parser-output .vgr-reviews tr:last-child th{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .vgr-title,.mw-parser-output .vgr-subtitle,.mw-parser-output .vgr-awards tr td:first-child{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mw-collapsed .vgr-title{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews table tr td:first-child,.mw-parser-output .vgr-awards td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews table tr td.vgr-center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews .vgr-stacked{border-top:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews{width:100%;float:none;clear:both;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews table{display:table}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews caption{display:table-caption}}</style><div role="complementary" class="video-game-reviews"><div class="vgr-title">Reception</div><table class="vgr-reviews wikitable"><caption>Review scores</caption><tbody><tr class="vgr-hrow"><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Publication</th><th scope="colgroup" colspan="3">Score</th></tr><tr><th scope="col"><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/info/en/?search=ColecoVision" title="ColecoVision">ColecoVision</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/info/en/?search=Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a></th></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/info/en/?search=AllGame" class="mw-redirect" title="AllGame">AllGame</a></i></td><td>5/5<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarriott_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarriott-35">[35]</a></sup></td><td></td><td>4.5/5<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutyak_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESutyak-36">[36]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><i>Arcade Express</i></td><td>8/10<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArcade_Express1982_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArcade_Express1982-37">[37]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Computer_and_Video_Games" title="Computer and Video Games">Computer and Video Games</a></i></td><td>78%<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_and_Video_Games1989_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEComputer_and_Video_Games1989-38">[38]</a></sup></td><td>79%<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_and_Video_Games1989_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEComputer_and_Video_Games1989-38">[38]</a></sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><i>Computer Games</i></td><td>A<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_Games1985_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEComputer_Games1985-39">[39]</a></sup></td><td>A<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_Games1985_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEComputer_Games1985-39">[39]</a></sup></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Electronic_Games" title="Electronic Games">Electronic Games</a></i></td><td>9/10<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKunkel97_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKunkel97-40">[40]</a></sup></td><td></td><td>7/10<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Games1983_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Games1983-41">[41]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><i>JoyStik How to Win at Video Games</i></td><td>5/5<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite198357_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite198357-43">[43]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><i>Video Games Player</i></td><td>A<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVideo_Games_Player1982_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVideo_Games_Player1982-42">[42]</a></sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p>In contemporary reviews, critics praised the gameplay and graphics in publications like <i>Arcade Express</i> and <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Electronic_Fun_with_Computers_%26_Games" title="Electronic Fun with Computers & Games">Electronic Fun with Computers & Games</a></i>, with the former stating that it "may well be the best adventure game yet produced for the VCS".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArcade_Express1982_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArcade_Express1982-37">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERenzy198212_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERenzy198212-44">[44]</a></sup> The reviewer for <i>Blip</i> stated that the game was similar to <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donkey Kong (arcade game)">Donkey Kong</a></i> (1981), but that "this is one case where inspiration didn't lead to imitation. <i>Pitfall</i> is its own game. It's also a heck of a lot of fun."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlip1983_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlip1983-45">[45]</a></sup> In <i>JoyStik: How to Win at Video Games</i>, the game was named as one of the ten best games of 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite198363_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite198363-46">[46]</a></sup> The Atari 2600 version of <i>Pitfall!</i> was awarded "Best Adventure Video Game" at the 4th annual <a href="/info/en/?search=Arkie_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkie Awards">Arkie Awards</a> in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKunkelKatz198330,_108_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKunkelKatz198330,_108-47">[47]</a></sup>
</p><p>Reviewing the Intellivision version in March 1983, Phil Wiswell wrote in <i>Video Games</i> that it was the same game in every aspect as the Atari 2600 version, but criticized the release for not taking advantage enough of Intellivision's graphical capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiswell198370_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiswell198370-48">[48]</a></sup> <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Electronic_Games" title="Electronic Games">Electronic Games</a></i>, in their "1983 Software Encyclopedia" issue, noted that the game required "more arcade-type skills than intuition or logic".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Games1983_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Games1983-41">[41]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>Pitfall!</i> was the highest-selling video game from late 1982 to the first quarter of 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Games1983b_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Games1983b-49">[49]</a></sup> The game sold <span class="nowrap">1 million</span> units in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESigelGiglio198422_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESigelGiglio198422-50">[50]</a></sup> It held the top spot on the Top Video Games <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> charts for 64 consecutive weeks and went on to sell over <span class="nowrap">3.5 million</span> units by 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost200999_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost200999-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapparell1984_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapparell1984-51">[51]</a></sup> It is one of the <a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_best-selling_Atari_2600_video_games" title="List of best-selling Atari 2600 video games">best-selling games on the Atari 2600</a>, with over four million copies sold as of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Pitfall!&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchanan2008_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchanan2008-52">[52]</a></sup> All versions of the game sold over <span class="nowrap">5 million</span> copies worldwide by 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson19984_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson19984-53">[53]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Retrospective_reviews">Retrospective reviews</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Later 1980s reviews continued to praise the game, such as the reviewer for <i>Computer Games</i>, who gave the game an A-rating in their 1985 game guide, praising the graphics as "gorgeous and cartoony" and declaring it a "terrific game for action fans".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_Games1985_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEComputer_Games1985-39">[39]</a></sup> <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Computer_and_Video_Games" title="Computer and Video Games">Computer and Video Games</a></i> (1989) stated that <i>Pitfall!</i> was a "bright and cheery game" that offered plenty of long-term gameplay, continuing that the "game style might look a bit crumbly, but the action is a heap of fun".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_and_Video_Games1989_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEComputer_and_Video_Games1989-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>Scott Alan Marriott of the online game database <a href="/info/en/?search=AllGame" class="mw-redirect" title="AllGame">AllGame</a> wrote that the variety of threats you encounter on each screen made <i>Pitfall!</i> one of the most exciting and best-looking games on the Atari 2600.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarriott_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarriott-35">[35]</a></sup> Brett Alan Weiss included the game in his book <i>The 100 Greatest Console Video Games 1977–1987</i> (2014) and criticized that the Atari 5200 version of the game had poor controls and the Intellivision version for requiring a second button for letting go of vines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171-26">[26]</a></sup> Weiss found the ColecoVision version designed by Action Graphics to be the best of the three versions with improved visuals over the Atari 2600 game, although it failed to take true advantage of the systems graphic capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>Pitfall!</i> has been included in several <a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_video_games_considered_the_best" title="List of video games considered the best">best-of video games lists</a> from various publications, such as <i>Electronic Fun with Computers & Games</i> in 1984, <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Flux_(magazine)" title="Flux (magazine)">Flux</a></i> (1995) where it placed 33rd, <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Game_Informer" title="Game Informer">Game Informer</a></i> (2001) where it placed 41st, and <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> (2012).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmrichBarbagalloEastHudak199528_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmrichBarbagalloEastHudak199528-54">[54]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECork2009_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECork2009-55">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Fun_with_Computers_&_Games1984_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Fun_with_Computers_&_Games1984-56">[56]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETime2012_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETime2012-57">[57]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:David_Crane_(10453626776)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/David_Crane_%2810453626776%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-David_Crane_%2810453626776%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/David_Crane_%2810453626776%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-David_Crane_%2810453626776%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/David_Crane_%2810453626776%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-David_Crane_%2810453626776%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption><a href="/info/en/?search=David_Crane_(programmer)" title="David Crane (programmer)">David Crane</a> in 2013</figcaption></figure>
<p><i>Pitfall!</i> was described by authors Montfort and Bogost in <i>Racing the Beam</i> as an important early platformer, a game genre made famous by <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Super_Mario_Bros." title="Super Mario Bros.">Super Mario Bros.</a></i> (1985).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107-3">[3]</a></sup> They wrote that <i>Pitfall!</i> was a much longer game than previous Atari VCS games. These other games were often ports of arcade games which were designed to be a short experience to keep the player pay to play, but even native games could be rather short—the easiest difficulty of <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Adventure_(1980_video_game)" title="Adventure (1980 video game)">Adventure</a></i> can be completed in just two minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009112–113_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009112–113-58">[58]</a></sup> The authors said that <i>Pitfall!</i> built upon the <a href="/info/en/?search=Graphic_adventure_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic adventure game">graphic adventure game</a> genre of <i>Adventure</i> to create an experience similar to later <a href="/info/en/?search=Open-world" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-world">open-world</a> games. According to them, the world was too large to be contemplated all at once, and a few core gameplay mechanics allowed a variety of more complex actions and possibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009113–114_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009113–114-59">[59]</a></sup> <a href="/info/en/?search=Jeff_Gerstmann" title="Jeff Gerstmann">Jeff Gerstmann</a> of <i><a href="/info/en/?search=GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a></i> spoke similarly in 2004 when including <i>Pitfall!</i> in the site's "Greatest Games of All Time" list, stating that the game was "responsible for launching the platformer genre as we know it" and that "Despite the fact that platformers have become a lot more sophisticated, especially since video games in general made the shift to 3D, it's surprising how little the fundamentals—like jumping around, avoiding enemies and obstacles, and collecting stuff—have changed since <i>Pitfall!</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerstmann_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerstmann-60">[60]</a></sup>
</p><p>Unlike <a href="/info/en/?search=Mario" title="Mario">Mario</a> or <a href="/info/en/?search=Pac-Man_(character)" title="Pac-Man (character)">Pac-Man</a>, who originated in <a href="/info/en/?search=Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade games</a>, Pitfall Harry was the first popular video game character originating in home consoles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109-12">[12]</a></sup> The character was featured on licensed merchandise and appeared on the cartoon show <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Saturday_Supercade" title="Saturday Supercade">Saturday Supercade</a></i>, which aired from 1983 to 1985 on <a href="/info/en/?search=CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1993430_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1993430-61">[61]</a></sup> Pitfall Harry was dropped for its second season.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1993431_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1993431-62">[62]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Follow-ups">Follow-ups</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p><i>Pitfall!</i> spawned numerous sequels for consoles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109-12">[12]</a></sup> These include <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall_II:_Lost_Caverns" title="Pitfall II: Lost Caverns">Pitfall II: Lost Caverns</a></i> (1984), <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Super_Pitfall" title="Super Pitfall">Super Pitfall</a></i> (1986) for the <a href="/info/en/?search=Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a>, <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall:_The_Mayan_Adventure" title="Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure">Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure</a></i> (1994) for the <a href="/info/en/?search=Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Sega Genesis</a>, <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall_3D:_Beyond_the_Jungle" title="Pitfall 3D: Beyond the Jungle">Pitfall 3D: Beyond the Jungle</a></i> (1998) for the <a href="/info/en/?search=PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a>, <i>Pitfall: Beyond the Jungle</i> (1998) for the <a href="/info/en/?search=Game_Boy_Color" title="Game Boy Color">Game Boy Color</a>, and <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall:_The_Lost_Expedition" title="Pitfall: The Lost Expedition">Pitfall: The Lost Expedition</a></i> for various systems in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171-26">[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAutomatic199451_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAutomatic199451-63">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetacriticA_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetacriticA-64">[64]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetacriticB_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetacriticB-65">[65]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetacriticC_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetacriticC-66">[66]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/info/en/?search=Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> released <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall_II:_Lost_Caverns_(arcade_game)" title="Pitfall II: Lost Caverns (arcade game)">Pitfall II: Lost Caverns</a></i> (1985) to arcades, which incorporated elements of <i>Pitfall!</i> and <i>Pitfall II: Lost Caverns</i> from the Atari 2600.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171-26">[26]</a></sup> Activision's UK-based studio The Blast Furnace released a follow-up titled <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall!_(2012_video_game)" title="Pitfall! (2012 video game)">Pitfall!</a></i> (2012) for <a href="/info/en/?search=IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> on August 9, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPR_Newswire2012_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPR_Newswire2012-67">[67]</a></sup> It features gameplay similar to that of <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Temple_Run" title="Temple Run">Temple Run</a></i> (2011).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENichols2012_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENichols2012-68">[68]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>Pitfall!</i> remained the game that Crane has been most associated with. In 2012, he stated that "I suppose that's not a bad problem to have, It's not a dark shadow. But I'm not just a classic gaming guy. This is what I do for a living!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECifaldi2012_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECifaldi2012-69">[69]</a></sup> In the same year, he started a <a href="/info/en/?search=Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">crowdfunding</a> campaign <a href="/info/en/?search=Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a> to fund a <a href="/info/en/?search=Spiritual_successor" title="Spiritual successor">spiritual successor</a> to the <i>Pitfall!</i> series, but it fell far short of his funding goal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECifaldi2012_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECifaldi2012-69">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohler2012_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohler2012-70">[70]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217336898">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEActivision1982-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActivision1982_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActivision1982_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActivision1982_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActivision1982_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActivision1982_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#manual">Activision 1982</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost20096-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost20096_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 6.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009107_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 107.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost200999-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost200999_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost200999_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 99.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfort2006-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfort2006_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfort2006">Montfort 2006</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost200999–100-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost200999–100_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, pp. 99–100.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009100-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009100_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 100.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009105-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009105_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 105.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 108.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdge20091-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdge20091_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdge20091_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdge2009">Edge 2009</a>, p. 1.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108–109-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108–109_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009108–109_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, pp. 108–109.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009109_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 109.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009110-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009110_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009110_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 110.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdge220092-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdge220092_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdge22009">Edge2 2009</a>, p. 2.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunt83-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt83_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHunt">Hunt</a>, p. 83.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009116-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009116_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 116.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009111-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009111_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 111.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009111–112-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009111–112_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, pp. 111–112.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009103-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009103_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 103.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009104-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009104_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009104_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, p. 104.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlanchet1982C6-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlanchet1982C6_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlanchet1982">Blanchet 1982</a>, p. C6.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECashBox1982-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashBox1982_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CashBoxHomeVideo">CashBox 1982</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECashBox1982b-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashBox1982b_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CashBoxPrize">CashBox 1982b</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#VGU1984">The Video Game Update 1984</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnosko198241-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnosko198241_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOnosko1982">Onosko 1982</a>, p. 41.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2014171_26-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeiss2014">Weiss 2014</a>, p. 171.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox2013216-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFox2013216_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox2013">Fox 2013</a>, p. 216.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984b-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984b_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#VGU19842">The Video Game Update 1984b</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtari_Computers1984-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtari_Computers1984_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Atari1984">Atari Computers 1984</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984c-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Video_Game_Update1984c_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#VGUDec1984">The Video Game Update 1984c</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMSX_Magazine1984-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMSX_Magazine1984_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#MSX">MSX Magazine 1984</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersMiller1994-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersMiller1994_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogersMiller1994">Rogers & Miller 1994</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETakashi2016-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETakashi2016_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTakashi2016">Takashi 2016</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPark2020-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPark2020_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPark2020">Park 2020</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarriott-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarriott_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarriott_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarriott">Marriott</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESutyak-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutyak_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSutyak">Sutyak</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArcade_Express1982-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArcade_Express1982_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArcade_Express1982_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ArcExpress">Arcade Express 1982</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEComputer_and_Video_Games1989-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_and_Video_Games1989_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_and_Video_Games1989_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_and_Video_Games1989_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CaV">Computer and Video Games 1989</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEComputer_Games1985-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_Games1985_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_Games1985_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComputer_Games1985_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CG1985">Computer Games 1985</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKunkel97-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKunkel97_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kunk84">Kunkel</a>, p. 97.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Games1983-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Games1983_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Games1983_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#EC1983">Electronic Games 1983</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVideo_Games_Player1982-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVideo_Games_Player1982_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#VGP">Video Games Player 1982</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite198357-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite198357_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhite1983">White 1983</a>, p. 57.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERenzy198212-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERenzy198212_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRenzy1982">Renzy 1982</a>, p. 12.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlip1983-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlip1983_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#BlipMag">Blip 1983</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite198363-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite198363_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhite1983">White 1983</a>, p. 63.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKunkelKatz198330,_108-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKunkelKatz198330,_108_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKunkelKatz1983">Kunkel & Katz 1983</a>, pp. 30, 108.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiswell198370-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiswell198370_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWiswell1983">Wiswell 1983</a>, p. 70.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Games1983b-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Games1983b_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#EC1983b">Electronic Games 1983b</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESigelGiglio198422-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESigelGiglio198422_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSigelGiglio1984">Sigel & Giglio 1984</a>, p. 22.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECapparell1984-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapparell1984_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCapparell1984">Capparell 1984</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchanan2008-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchanan2008_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchanan2008">Buchanan 2008</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson19984-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson19984_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawson1998">Dawson 1998</a>, p. 4.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmrichBarbagalloEastHudak199528-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmrichBarbagalloEastHudak199528_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmrichBarbagalloEastHudak1995">Amrich et al. 1995</a>, p. 28.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECork2009-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECork2009_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCork2009">Cork 2009</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Fun_with_Computers_&_Games1984-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElectronic_Fun_with_Computers_&_Games1984_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#EFCG">Electronic Fun with Computers & Games 1984</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETime2012-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETime2012_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#TimeMag">Time 2012</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009112–113-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009112–113_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, pp. 112–113.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009113–114-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontfortBogost2009113–114_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontfortBogost2009">Montfort & Bogost 2009</a>, pp. 113–114.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerstmann-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerstmann_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGerstmann">Gerstmann</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1993430-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1993430_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson1993">Erickson 1993</a>, p. 430.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson1993431-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson1993431_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson1993">Erickson 1993</a>, p. 431.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAutomatic199451-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAutomatic199451_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAutomatic1994">Automatic 1994</a>, p. 51.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetacriticA-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetacriticA_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#MetacriticA">MetacriticA</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetacriticB-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetacriticB_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#MetacriticB">MetacriticB</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetacriticC-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetacriticC_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#MetacriticC">MetacriticC</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPR_Newswire2012-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPR_Newswire2012_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#PR_Newswire">PR Newswire 2012</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENichols2012-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENichols2012_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNichols2012">Nichols 2012</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECifaldi2012-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECifaldi2012_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECifaldi2012_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCifaldi2012">Cifaldi 2012</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohler2012-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohler2012_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKohler2012">Kohler 2012</a>.</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Pitfall!&action=edit&section=10"title="Edit section: Sources"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h3>
<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="manual" class="citation book cs1"><i>Activision Pitfall! Instructions</i>. <a href="/info/en/?search=Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a>. 1982. AX-018-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Activision+Pitfall%21+Instructions&rft.pub=Activision&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFAmrichBarbagalloEastHudak1995" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/info/en/?search=Dan_Amrich" title="Dan Amrich">Amrich, Dan</a>; Barbagallo, Ralph; East, Mark; Hudak, Chris; Kitts, Jeff; Meston, Zach; Yang, Jeff (April 1995). <a class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/flux-issue-4/page/n29/mode/2up">"The Top 100 Video Games"</a>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Flux_(magazine)" title="Flux (magazine)">Flux</a></i>. No. 4. p. 31. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1074-5602">1074-5602</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flux&rft.atitle=The+Top+100+Video+Games&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1995-04&rft.issn=1074-5602&rft.aulast=Amrich&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Barbagallo%2C+Ralph&rft.au=East%2C+Mark&rft.au=Hudak%2C+Chris&rft.au=Kitts%2C+Jeff&rft.au=Meston%2C+Zach&rft.au=Yang%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fflux-issue-4%2Fpage%2Fn29%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="ArcExpress" class="citation magazine cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.digitpress.com/library/newsletters/arcadeexpress/arcade_express_v1n2.pdf">"The Hotseat: Reviews of New Products"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Arcade Express</i>. Vol. 1, no. 2. August 30, 1982. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arcade+Express&rft.atitle=The+Hotseat%3A+Reviews+of+New+Products&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1982-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitpress.com%2Flibrary%2Fnewsletters%2Farcadeexpress%2Farcade_express_v1n2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="Atari1984" class="citation magazine cs1">"Colecovision". <i>Atari Computers</i>. Vol. 3, no. 11. April 1984. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atari+Computers&rft.atitle=Colecovision&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1984-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFAutomatic1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Automatic, Radion (December 1994). <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925180414/http://oldgamemags.ukprintarchive.com/Multi-format%20Publications/Computer%20%26%20Video%20Games/CVG%20%281994-12%29%20157%20%28EMAP%29.pdf/#page/50">"Pitfall 2"</a>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Computer_and_Video_Games" title="Computer and Video Games">Computer and Video Games</a></i>. No. 157. p. 51. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://oldgamemags.ukprintarchive.com/Multi-format%20Publications/Computer%20&%20Video%20Games/CVG%20(1994-12)%20157%20(EMAP).pdf/#page/50">the original</a> on September 25, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+and+Video+Games&rft.atitle=Pitfall+2&rft.issue=157&rft.pages=51&rft.date=1994-12&rft.aulast=Automatic&rft.aufirst=Radion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foldgamemags.ukprintarchive.com%2FMulti-format%2520Publications%2FComputer%2520%26%2520Video%2520Games%2FCVG%2520%281994-12%29%2520157%2520%28EMAP%29.pdf%2F%23page%2F50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBlanchet1982" class="citation news cs1">Blanchet, Michael (July 31, 1982). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/72773873/atari-2600-news-megamania-pitfall/">"How to Beat the Video Games"</a>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=The_Santa_Fe_New_Mexican" title="The Santa Fe New Mexican">The Santa Fe New Mexican</a></i>. p. C6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/info/en/?search=Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Santa+Fe+New+Mexican&rft.atitle=How+to+Beat+the+Video+Games&rft.pages=C6&rft.date=1982-07-31&rft.aulast=Blanchet&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2F72773873%2Fatari-2600-news-megamania-pitfall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="BlipMag" class="citation magazine cs1">"Player's Choice". <i>Blip</i>. No. 1. United States: <a href="/info/en/?search=Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>. February 1983. pp. 16–17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blip&rft.atitle=Player%27s+Choice&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16-17&rft.date=1983-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2008" class="citation web cs1">Buchanan, Levi (August 26, 2008). <a class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/08/26/top-10-best-selling-atari-2600-games">"Top 10 Best-Selling Atari 2600 Games"</a>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Top+10+Best-Selling+Atari+2600+Games&rft.date=2008-08-26&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Levi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F08%2F26%2Ftop-10-best-selling-atari-2600-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCapparell1984" class="citation web cs1">Capparell, James (June 1984). <a class="external text" href="https://www.atarimagazines.com/v3n2/levy.html">"Activision's James Levy: A software success story"</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=Antic_(magazine)" title="Antic (magazine)">Antic</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Activision%27s+James+Levy%3A+A+software+success+story&rft.pub=Antic&rft.date=1984-06&rft.aulast=Capparell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atarimagazines.com%2Fv3n2%2Flevy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="MetacriticA" class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/game/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews/?platform=xbox">"Pitfall: The Lost Expedition Critic Reviews for Xbox"</a>. Metacritic. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308185710/http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pitfall%3A+The+Lost+Expedition+Critic+Reviews+for+Xbox&rft.pub=Metacritic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fgame%2Fpitfall-the-lost-expedition%2Fcritic-reviews%2F%3Fplatform%3Dxbox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="MetacriticC" class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/game/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews/?platform=game-boy-advance">"Pitfall: The Lost Expedition Critic Reviews for Game Boy Advance"</a>. Metacritic. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002155547/https://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/pitfall-the-lost-expedition/critic-reviews">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pitfall%3A+The+Lost+Expedition+Critic+Reviews+for+Game+Boy+Advance&rft.pub=Metacritic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fgame%2Fpitfall-the-lost-expedition%2Fcritic-reviews%2F%3Fplatform%3Dgame-boy-advance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="MSX" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"アクティビジョン第1弾 ポニカより9月5日発売". <i>MSX Magazine</i> (in Japanese). September 1984.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MSX+Magazine&rft.atitle=%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E7%AC%AC1%E5%BC%BE+%E3%83%9D%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A9%E6%9C%885%E6%97%A5%E7%99%BA%E5%A3%B2&rft.date=1984-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFNichols2012" class="citation web cs1">Nichols, Scott (August 13, 2012). <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120814170740/https://www.digitalspy.com/gaming/levelup/a398989/mobile-review-round-up-pitfall-organ-trail-farming-simulator-more.html">"Mobile Review Round-up: Pitfall, Organ Trail, Farming Simulator, more"</a>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Digital_Spy" title="Digital Spy">Digital Spy</a></i>. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://www.digitalspy.com/gaming/levelup/a398989/mobile-review-round-up-pitfall-organ-trail-farming-simulator-more.html">the original</a> on August 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=Mobile+Review+Round-up%3A+Pitfall%2C+Organ+Trail%2C+Farming+Simulator%2C+more&rft.date=2012-08-13&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Fgaming%2Flevelup%2Fa398989%2Fmobile-review-round-up-pitfall-organ-trail-farming-simulator-more.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFPark2020" class="citation web cs1">Park, Morgan (November 13, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.pcgamer.com/i-cant-stop-playing-pitfall-in-call-of-duty-black-ops-cold-war/">"I Can't Stop Playing Pitfall in Call of Duty: Black Ops – Cold War"</a>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=PCGamer" class="mw-redirect" title="PCGamer">PCGamer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PCGamer&rft.atitle=I+Can%27t+Stop+Playing+Pitfall+in+Call+of+Duty%3A+Black+Ops+%E2%80%93+Cold+War&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Fi-cant-stop-playing-pitfall-in-call-of-duty-black-ops-cold-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="PR_Newswire" class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a class="external text" href="https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bwh&AN=201208090900PR.NEWS.USPR.LA54858&site=eds-live&scope=site">"30-Years and Still Swinging – Activision's Legendary Jungle-Crawler Pitfall!™ Debuts on iPhone, iPad & iPod Touch"</a></span>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=PR_Newswire" title="PR Newswire">PR Newswire</a></i>. August 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PR+Newswire&rft.atitle=30-Years+and+Still+Swinging+%E2%80%93+Activision%27s+Legendary+Jungle-Crawler+Pitfall%21%E2%84%A2+Debuts+on+iPhone%2C+iPad+%26+iPod+Touch&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dbwh%26AN%3D201208090900PR.NEWS.USPR.LA54858%26site%3Deds-live%26scope%3Dsite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFRogersMiller1994" class="citation web cs1">Rogers, Adam; Miller, Annetta (November 14, 1994). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a class="external text" href="https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=9411117593&site=eds-live&scope=site">"Nostalgia Has its Own Pitfalls"</a></span>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>. p. 14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Nostalgia+Has+its+Own+Pitfalls&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1994-11-14&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Miller%2C+Annetta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Df6h%26AN%3D9411117593%26site%3Deds-live%26scope%3Dsite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFTakashi2016" class="citation web cs1">Takashi, Dean (September 3, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://venturebeat.com/games/infinite-warfares-zombies-in-spaceland-interview/">"How Infinity Ward Designed Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare's Zombies in Spaceland Co-op Mode"</a>. <i><a href="/info/en/?search=VentureBeat" title="VentureBeat">VentureBeat</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VentureBeat&rft.atitle=How+Infinity+Ward+Designed+Call+of+Duty%3A+Infinite+Warfare%27s+Zombies+in+Spaceland+Co-op+Mode&rft.date=2016-09-03&rft.aulast=Takashi&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fventurebeat.com%2Fgames%2Finfinite-warfares-zombies-in-spaceland-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="VGP" class="citation magazine cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Video_Games_Player_Vol_1_No_1_1982-09_Carnegie_Publications_US/page/n61/mode/2up">"Software Report Card"</a>. <i>Video Games Player</i>. Vol. 1, no. 1. United States: Carnegie Publications. September 1982. pp. 62–3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Video+Games+Player&rft.atitle=Software+Report+Card&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=62-3&rft.date=1982-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FVideo_Games_Player_Vol_1_No_1_1982-09_Carnegie_Publications_US%2Fpage%2Fn61%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="VGU1984" class="citation magazine cs1">"The Continuing Adventures of Pitall Harry". <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Computer_Entertainer" title="Computer Entertainer">The Video Game Update</a></i>. Vol. 2, no. 10. January 1984. p. 148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Video+Game+Update&rft.atitle=The+Continuing+Adventures+of+Pitall+Harry&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=148&rft.date=1984-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="VGU19842" class="citation magazine cs1">"Colecovision". <i>The Video Game Update</i>. Vol. 2, no. 11. February 1984b. p. 176.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Video+Game+Update&rft.atitle=Colecovision&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=176&rft.date=1984-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="VGUDec1984" class="citation magazine cs1">"The Year in Review". <i>The Video Game Update</i>. Vol. 3, no. 9. December 1984c. p. 143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Video+Game+Update&rft.atitle=The+Year+in+Review&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=143&rft.date=1984-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2014" class="citation book cs1">Weiss, Brett (2014). <i>The 100 Greatest Console Video Games 1977-1987</i>. <a href="/info/en/?search=Schiffer_Publishing" title="Schiffer Publishing">Schiffer Publishing</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/info/en/?search=Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-4618-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-4618-7"><bdi>978-0-7643-4618-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+100+Greatest+Console+Video+Games+1977-1987&rft.pub=Schiffer+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7643-4618-7&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Brett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1983" class="citation magazine cs1">White, Matthew, ed. (January 1983). <a class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joystik_magazine-1983-01/page/n57/mode/2up">"10 Top Software Games for the New Year"</a>. <i>JoyStik</i>. Vol. 1, no. 4. Publications International, LTD. p. 57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JoyStik&rft.atitle=10+Top+Software+Games+for+the+New+Year&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=57&rft.date=1983-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoystik_magazine-1983-01%2Fpage%2Fn57%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFWiswell1983" class="citation magazine cs1">Wiswell, Phil (March 1983). "Soft Spot: New Games from Well-Known Names". <i>Video Games</i>. Vol. 1, no. 6. p. 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Video+Games&rft.atitle=Soft+Spot%3A+New+Games+from+Well-Known+Names&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=70&rft.date=1983-03&rft.aulast=Wiswell&rft.aufirst=Phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APitfall%21" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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</h2>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://www.mobygames.com/game/pitfall"><i>Pitfall!</i></a> at <a href="/info/en/?search=MobyGames" title="MobyGames">MobyGames</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090816202310/http://www.atariage.com/software_page.html?SoftwareLabelID=360"><i>Pitfall!</i></a> at AtariAge</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBT1OK6VAIU"><i>Pitfall!</i> Postmortem</a> at the 2011 <a href="/info/en/?search=Game_Developers_Conference" title="Game Developers Conference">Game Developers Conference</a> via <a href="/info/en/?search=GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a></li></ul>
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transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/info/en/?search=Template_talk:Pitfall_games" title="Template talk:Pitfall games"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/info/en/?search=Special:EditPage/Template:Pitfall_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pitfall games"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pitfall_video_games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>Pitfall</i> video games</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pitfall!</a></i> (1982)</li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall_II:_Lost_Caverns" title="Pitfall II: Lost Caverns">II: Lost Caverns</a></i> (Activision)</li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall_II:_Lost_Caverns_(arcade_game)" title="Pitfall II: Lost Caverns (arcade game)">II: Lost Caverns</a></i> (Sega)</li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Super_Pitfall" title="Super Pitfall">Super Pitfall</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall:_The_Mayan_Adventure" title="Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure">The Mayan Adventure</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall_3D:_Beyond_the_Jungle" title="Pitfall 3D: Beyond the Jungle">3D: Beyond The Jungle</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall:_The_Lost_Expedition" title="Pitfall: The Lost Expedition">The Lost Expedition</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pitfall!_(2012_video_game)" title="Pitfall! (2012 video game)">Pitfall!</a></i> (2012)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<ul><li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=3D_Ultra_Minigolf_(game_series)" title="3D Ultra Minigolf (game series)">3D Ultra Minigolf</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Assault_Heroes" title="Assault Heroes">Assault Heroes</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_Cabela%27s_video_games" title="List of Cabela's video games">Cabela's</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Call_of_Duty" title="Call of Duty">Call of Duty</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=City_Building_(series)" title="City Building (series)">City Building</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Crash_Bandicoot" title="Crash Bandicoot">Crash Bandicoot</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Empire_Earth" title="Empire Earth">Empire Earth</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Geometry_Wars" title="Geometry Wars">Geometry Wars</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Guitar_Hero" title="Guitar Hero">Guitar Hero</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=King%27s_Quest" title="King's Quest">King's Quest</a></i></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pitfall!</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Police_Quest" title="Police Quest">Police Quest</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Space_Quest" title="Space Quest">Space Quest</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Skylanders" title="Skylanders">Skylanders</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Spyro" title="Spyro">Spyro</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Tony_Hawk%27s_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Hawk's (series)">Tony Hawk</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=True_Crime_(series)" title="True Crime (series)">True Crime</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Ultimate_Soccer_Manager" title="Ultimate Soccer Manager">Ultimate Soccer Manager</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Zork" title="Zork">Zork</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_Activision_video_games" title="List of Activision video games">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_Activision_games:_1980%E2%80%931999" title="List of Activision games: 1980–1999">1980–1999</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_Activision_games:_2000%E2%80%932009" title="List of Activision games: 2000–2009">2000–2009</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_Activision_games:_2010%E2%80%932019" title="List of Activision games: 2010–2019">2010–2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_Activision_games:_2020%E2%80%93present" title="List of Activision games: 2020–present">2020–present</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_Activision_Value_games" title="List of Activision Value games">Activision Value games</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Beenox" title="Beenox">Beenox</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Demonware" title="Demonware">Demonware</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=High_Moon_Studios" title="High Moon Studios">High Moon Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Infinity_Ward" title="Infinity Ward">Infinity Ward</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Raven_Software" title="Raven Software">Raven Software</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Sledgehammer_Games" title="Sledgehammer Games">Sledgehammer Games</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Treyarch" title="Treyarch">Treyarch</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Behaviour_Santiago" title="Behaviour Santiago">Behaviour Santiago</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Bizarre_Creations" title="Bizarre Creations">Bizarre Creations</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Budcat_Creations" title="Budcat Creations">Budcat Creations</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Fox_Interactive" title="Fox Interactive">Fox Interactive</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Ubisoft_Leamington" title="Ubisoft Leamington">FreeStyleGames</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Gray_Matter_Studios" title="Gray Matter Studios">Gray Matter Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Infocom" title="Infocom">Infocom</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Luxoflux" title="Luxoflux">Luxoflux</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Massive_Entertainment" title="Massive Entertainment">Massive Entertainment</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Neversoft" title="Neversoft">Neversoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Radical_Entertainment" title="Radical Entertainment">Radical Entertainment</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=RedOctane" title="RedOctane">RedOctane</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Shaba_Games" title="Shaba Games">Shaba Games</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Sierra_Entertainment" title="Sierra Entertainment">Sierra Entertainment</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Swordfish_Studios" title="Swordfish Studios">Swordfish Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Toys_for_Bob" title="Toys for Bob">Toys for Bob</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Underground_Development" title="Underground Development">Underground Development</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Universal_Interactive" title="Universal Interactive">Universal Interactive</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Vicarious_Visions" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicarious Visions">Vicarious Visions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Battle.net" title="Battle.net">Battle.net</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard Entertainment</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Vivendi_Games" title="Vivendi Games">Vivendi Games</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Xbox_Game_Studios" title="Xbox Game Studios">Xbox Game Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=California_Department_of_Fair_Employment_and_Housing_v._Activision_Blizzard" title="California Department of Fair Employment and Housing v. Activision Blizzard">California Department of Fair Employment and Housing v. Activision Blizzard</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/info/en/?search=Category:Activision" title="Category:Activision">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Atari_2600" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/info/en/?search=Template:Atari_2600" title="Template:Atari 2600"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/info/en/?search=Template_talk:Atari_2600" title="Template talk:Atari 2600"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/info/en/?search=Special:EditPage/Template:Atari_2600" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Atari 2600"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Atari_2600" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_Atari_2600_games" title="List of Atari 2600 games">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/info/en/?search=Launch_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch game">Launch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Air-Sea_Battle" title="Air-Sea Battle">Air-Sea Battle</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Basic_Math_(video_game)" title="Basic Math (video game)">Basic Math</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Blackjack_(Atari_2600_video_game)" title="Blackjack (Atari 2600 video game)">Blackjack</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Combat_(video_game)" title="Combat (video game)">Combat</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Indy_500_(1977_video_game)" title="Indy 500 (1977 video game)">Indy 500</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Star_Ship" title="Star Ship">Star Ship</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Street_Racer_(1977_video_game)" title="Street Racer (1977 video game)">Street Racer</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Surround_(video_game)" title="Surround (video game)">Surround</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Video_Olympics" title="Video Olympics">Video Olympics</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bestselling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Pac-Man_(Atari_2600_video_game)" title="Pac-Man (Atari 2600 video game)">Pac-Man</a></i></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pitfall!</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Asteroids_(video_game)" title="Asteroids (video game)">Asteroids</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Missile_Command" title="Missile Command">Missile Command</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Space_Invaders_(Atari_2600_video_game)" title="Space Invaders (Atari 2600 video game)">Space Invaders</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Demon_Attack" title="Demon Attack">Demon Attack</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial_(video_game)" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (video game)">E.T.</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Atlantis_(video_game)" title="Atlantis (video game)">Atlantis</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Adventure_(1980_video_game)" title="Adventure (1980 video game)">Adventure</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=River_Raid" title="River Raid">River Raid</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Kaboom!_(video_game)" title="Kaboom! (video game)">Kaboom!</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari, Inc.</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=American_Multiple_Industries" title="American Multiple Industries">American Multiple Industries</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Imagic" title="Imagic">Imagic</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=CommaVid" title="CommaVid">CommaVid</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Data_Age" title="Data Age">Data Age</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Games_by_Apollo" title="Games by Apollo">Games by Apollo</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=M_Network" title="M Network">M Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Parker_Brothers" title="Parker Brothers">Parker Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Spectravideo" title="Spectravideo">Spectravideo</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Telesys" title="Telesys">Telesys</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Tigervision" title="Tigervision">Tigervision</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=U.S._Games" title="U.S. Games">U.S. Games</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Xonox" title="Xonox">Xonox</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Zimag" title="Zimag">Zimag</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programmers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Steve_Cartwright" title="Steve Cartwright">Steve Cartwright</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=David_Crane_(programmer)" title="David Crane (programmer)">David Crane</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Tod_Frye" title="Tod Frye">Tod Frye</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Rob_Fulop" title="Rob Fulop">Rob Fulop</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Larry_Kaplan" title="Larry Kaplan">Larry Kaplan</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Garry_Kitchen" title="Garry Kitchen">Garry Kitchen</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=David_Lubar" title="David Lubar">David Lubar</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Carla_Meninsky" title="Carla Meninsky">Carla Meninsky</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Alan_Miller_(game_designer)" title="Alan Miller (game designer)">Alan Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Warren_Robinett" title="Warren Robinett">Warren Robinett</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Carol_Shaw" title="Carol Shaw">Carol Shaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Howard_Scott_Warshaw" title="Howard Scott Warshaw">Howard Scott Warshaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Bob_Whitehead" title="Bob Whitehead">Bob Whitehead</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_2600_hardware" title="Atari 2600 hardware">Atari 2600 hardware</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Television_Interface_Adaptor" title="Television Interface Adaptor">Television Interface Adaptor</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_joystick_port" title="Atari joystick port">Atari joystick port</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_CX40_joystick" title="Atari CX40 joystick">CX40 joystick</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_XG-1_light_gun" title="Atari XG-1 light gun">XG-1 light gun</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Starpath_Supercharger" title="Starpath Supercharger">Starpath Supercharger</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Coleco_Gemini" title="Coleco Gemini">Coleco Gemini</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=CompuMate" title="CompuMate">CompuMate</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=GameLine" title="GameLine">GameLine</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_2700" title="Atari 2700">Atari 2700</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_7800" title="Atari 7800">Atari 7800</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emulation and ports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Stella_(emulator)" title="Stella (emulator)">Stella</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_Anthology" title="Atari Anthology">Atari Anthology</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_Flashback" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari Flashback">Atari Flashback</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_Greatest_Hits" title="Atari Greatest Hits">Atari Greatest Hits</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_Vault" title="Atari Vault">Atari Vault</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_2600_homebrew" title="Atari 2600 homebrew">Homebrew games</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_Age" title="Atari Age">Atari Age</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/info/en/?search=Racing_the_Beam" title="Racing the Beam">Racing the Beam</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Atari_video_game_burial" title="Atari video game burial">Atari video game burial</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/info/en/?search=Category:Atari_2600" title="Category:Atari 2600">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |