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{{Short description|Using again}}
[[File:Badewannen-Ruhebank in München - 446b.jpg|thumb|A [[bathtub]] upcycled into a bench in [[Munich]].]]
'''Reuse''' is the action or practice of using an item, whether for its original purpose (conventional reuse) or to fulfill a different function ([[creative reuse]] or [[repurposing]]). It should be distinguished from [[recycling]], which is the breaking down of used items to make [[raw material]]s for the manufacture of new products. Reuse—by taking, but not reprocessing, previously used items—helps save time, money, energy and resources. In broader economic terms, it can make quality products available to people and organizations with limited means, while generating jobs and business activity that contribute to the economy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wm.com/location/california/san-diego/city/environment/reuse.jsp|title=Reuse|website=www.wm.com|access-date=2019-02-05}}</ref>
==Examples==
===Reuse centers and virtual exchange===
Reuse centers (also known as a "swap shop" or a "take-it-or-leave-it") facilitate the transaction and redistribution of unwanted, yet perfectly usable, materials and equipment from one entity to another. The entities that benefit from either side of this service (as donors, sellers, recipients, or buyers) can be businesses, nonprofits, schools, community groups, and individuals. Some maintain a physical space (a reuse center), and others act as a matching service (a virtual exchange). Reuse centers generally maintain both warehouses and trucks. They take possession of the donated materials and make them available for redistribution or sale.
Virtual exchanges do not have physical space or trucks, but instead allow users to post listings of materials available and wanted (for free or at low cost) on an online materials exchange website. Staff will help facilitate the exchange of these materials without ever taking possession of the materials.
==Addressing issues of repair, reuse and recycling==
One way to address this is to increase product longevity; either by extending a product's first life or addressing issues of repair, reuse and recycling.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hassini |first1=Marwan |last2=Redondo-Iglesias |first2=Eduardo |last3=Venet |first3=Pascal |date=3 April 2023 |title=Second-Life Batteries Modeling for Performance Tracking in a Mobile Charging Station |journal=World Electric Vehicle Journal |language=en |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=94 |doi=10.3390/wevj14040094 |doi-access=free |issn=2032-6653}}</ref> Reusing products, and therefore extending the use of that item beyond the point where it is discarded by its first user is preferable to recycling or disposal,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Directive - 2008/98 - EN - Waste framework directive - EUR-Lex |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2008/98/oj |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> as this is the least energy intensive solution, although it is often overlooked.
The EU Circular Economy Package recognises the importance of extending product lifetimes and includes repair and reuse of products in its action plan to ensure products reach their optimum lifespan. If targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions are to be reached, then reuse needs to be included as part of a whole life cycle approach.
A strong second hand market-place exists, with charity shops on most high streets, car boot(trunk) sales and online auction sites maintaining popularity and regular TV shows featuring both buying and selling at auction.
==Business models providing opportunities==
[[File:Electric wire reel reused in a furniture ecodesign.jpg|thumb|An electric wire reel reused as a center table]]
This would not necessarily be a poor strategy for businesses, there are business models that provide opportunities to retain ownership of valuable products and components through leasing, servicing, repair and re-sale.
While it is choices made by consumers that will ultimately determine the success of such ventures, there is huge potential for the reuse of goods and materials to deliver social and economic and environmental benefits. The EU Circular Economy Package, the Scottish Circular Economy Strategy and the national reuse target set by the Spanish Government are examples of governments recognising that second-hand goods should be a good value mainstream option and are working towards making reuse easier for consumers.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=COLE, C., COOPER, T. and GNANAPRAGASAM, A.|title=Extending product lifetimes through WEEE reuse and repair: opportunities and challenges in the UK.|date=2016|issue=Electronics Goes Green 2016+ Conference, Berlin, Germany, 7–9 September 2016}}</ref>
In environmental terms, reuse ought to be more common than recycling and [[energy recovery]], with both the financial and environmental costs of simple refurbishment of some products being a fraction of original manufacturing costs. If we are going to be serious about living in a Circular Economy we need to recognise the value of our waste and ensure resources are kept in the economy for longer, slow down the use of valuable raw materials and ensure that products are reused and materials are recycled rather than landfilled.
===Remanufacturing===
{{Main|Remanufacturing}}
The most involved reuse organizations are "repair and overhaul" industries which take valuable parts, such as [[engine block]]s, [[office furniture]], [[#Printer cartridges and toners reuse|toner cartridges]], [[single-use camera]]s, [[aircraft hull]]s, and [[cathode ray tube]]s (CRTs) and refurbish them in a factory environment in order to meet the same/similar specifications as new products.
When the item is resold under the same OEM name, it is informally considered a "gray market" item - if it is sold as used, it's legal, if it's represented as an OEM product eligible for [[Rebate (marketing)|rebate]]s and [[warranties]], it is considered "counterfeit" or "black market".{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} The automobile parts industry in the USA is governed by laws on the disclosure of "used" parts and, in some states, [[mattress]]es which have been used are required to be sanitized or destroyed.<ref>[http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2002/julqtr/41cfr101-45.309-8.htm Code of Federal Regulations, Title 41, Volume 2] ''CITE: 41CFR101-45.309-8'' Part 101-45--Sale, Abandonment, Or Destruction Of Personal Property</ref>
===Package deposit programs===
{{main|Reusable packaging}}
[[File:E8086-Bishkek-glass-bottle-collection-point.jpg|left|thumb|Reusable glass bottles collected in [[Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan]]. Deposit values (0.5-2 [[Kyrgyz som]]) are posted next to the sample bottles on the rack]]
[[Container-deposit legislation|Deposit]] programs offer customers a financial incentive to return [[packaging]] for reuse. Although no longer common, international experience is showing that they can still be an effective way to encourage packaging reuse.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Agnusdei |first1=Giulio Paolo |last2=Gnoni |first2=Maria Grazia |last3=Sgarbossa |first3=Fabio |date=2022-12-10 |title=Are deposit-refund systems effective in managing glass packaging? State of the art and future directions in Europe |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=851 |pages=158256 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158256 |pmid=36028036 |bibcode=2022ScTEn.851o8256A |issn=0048-9697|doi-access=free }}</ref> However, financial incentive, unless great, may be less of an incentive than convenience: statistics show that, on average, a milk bottle is returned 12 times, whereas a lemonade bottle with a 15p deposit is returned, on average, only 3 times.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}
Refillable bottles are used extensively in many European countries; for example in [[Denmark]], 98% of bottles are refillable, and 98% of those are returned by consumers.<ref>[http://www.alternet.org/envirohealth/21651/ Litterbug World], Ariane Conrad Hyde, ''[[LiP Magazine]]''. April 1, 2005</ref> These systems are typically supported by [[Container deposit legislation|deposit laws]] and other regulations.
Sainsbury Ltd have operated a [[plastic bag|plastic carrier bag]] cash refund scheme in 1991 - “the penny back scheme”.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=1991-05-16|title=Recession fails to subdue Sainsbury|author=Graham Searjeant}}</ref> The scheme is reported to save 970 tonnes of plastic per annum. The scheme has now been extended to a penny back on a voucher which can be contributed to schools registered on the scheme; it estimates this will raise the savings in plastic to 2500 tonnes per annum.
In some developing nations like India and Pakistan, the cost of new bottles often forces manufacturers to collect and refill old glass bottles for selling [[cola]] and other drinks. India and Pakistan also have a way of reusing old newspapers: "Kabadiwalas" buy these from the readers for scrap value and reuse them as packaging or recycle them. Scrap intermediaries help consumer dispose of other materials including metals and plastics.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ogwueleka |first1=Toochukwu Chibueze |last2=B p |first2=Naveen |date=2021-11-01 |title=Activities of informal recycling sector in North-Central, Nigeria |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427121000036 |journal=Energy Nexus |volume=1 |pages=100003 |doi=10.1016/j.nexus.2021.100003 |issn=2772-4271|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Closed-loop programs===
[[File:A boy with GUTA.jpg|thumb|After a pallet has been used for transport, the pallets can be picked up by pallet dealers for reuse which is usually preferred over the cost of disposal fees]]
These apply primarily to items of packaging, for example, where a company is involved in the regular transportation of goods from a central manufacturing facility to warehouses or warehouses to retail outlets. In these cases there is considerable benefit to using reusable “transport packaging” such as plastic crates or pallets.
The benefits of closed-loop reuse are primarily due to low additional transport costs being involved, the empty lorry returning with the empty crates. There have been some recent attempts to get the public to join in on closed loop reuse schemes where shoppers use reusable plastic baskets in place of carrier bags for transporting their goods home from the supermarket; these baskets fit on specially designed trolleys making shopping supposedly easier.
===Refilling programs===
There have been some market-led initiatives to encourage packaging reuse by companies introducing [[refill pack]]s of certain commodities (mainly soap powders and cleaning fluids), the contents being transferred before use into a reusable package kept by the customer, with the savings in packaging being passed onto the customer by lower shelf prices. The refill pack itself is not reused, but being a minimal package for carrying the product home, it requires less material than one with the durability and features (reclosable top, convenient shape, etc.) required for easy use of the product, while avoiding the transport cost and emissions of returning the reusable package to the factory.
===Regifting===
{{Main|Regift}}
The average American, for example, throws away 67.9 pounds<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.textilerecycle.org |title=Council for Textile Recycling (CTR) |publisher=Textilerecycle.org |access-date=2014-06-08}}</ref> of used clothing and rags.
===Repurposing===
{{Main|Repurposing}}
[[File:Reuses of old pens.jpg|thumb|upright|Old pens are being used as a plant pot]]
Repurposing is to use a tool for use as another tool, usually for a purpose unintended by the original tool-maker. Typically, repurposing is done using items usually considered to be junk or garbage. A good example of this would be the [[Earthship]] style of house, that uses tires as insulating walls and bottles as glass walls. Reuse is not limited to repeated uses for the same purpose. Examples of repurposing include using tires as [[boat fender]]s and [[steel drum]]s or plastic drums as [[feeding trough]]s and/or composting bins.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.diyncrafts.com/6081/repurpose/100-ways-repurpose-reuse-broken-household-items | title=100 Ways to Repurpose and Reuse Broken Household Items | publisher=DIY & Crafts | access-date=June 14, 2014| date=2014-05-03 }}</ref>
=== Reuse of waste water and excreta in agriculture ===
{{Main|Reuse of excreta}}
The nutrients, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients, and organic matter contained in [[wastewater]], excreta ([[urine]] and [[feces]]) and [[greywater]] have traditionally been reused in agriculture in many countries and are still being reused in agriculture to this day - unfortunately often in an unregulated and unsafe manner. This is particularly a problem in many developing countries (e.g. Mexico, India, Bangladesh, Ghana) where untreated or poorly treated wastewater is used directly in agriculture. The WHO Guidelines from 2006 have set up a framework how this reuse can be done safely by following a multiple barrier approach.<ref>WHO (2006). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1004 WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater - Volume IV: Excreta and greywater use in agriculture]. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland</ref>
=== Waste valorization ===
{{Excerpt|waste valorization}}
==Measuring the impact of reuse, reuse metrics==
Determining the balance of how the several effects of reuse interact is often best accomplished by a formal [[life cycle assessment]]. For example, research has shown that reusing a product can reduce {{CO2}} emissions and [[carbon footprint]] by more than 50% relative to the complete product life cycle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citeulike.org/article/9832067 |title=Impact of closed-loop network configurations on carbon footprints: A case study in copiers |publisher=Citeulike.org |access-date=2014-06-08 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081713/http://www.citeulike.org/article/9832067 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A relatively unknown effective way to reduce {{CO2}} emissions and carbon footprint is reusing products. Often the relative carbon footprint of manufacturing and the [[supply chain]] is unknown.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.durabilit.eu/Plone/news/how-to-reduce-your-company2019s-carbon-footprint-2013-by-reuse | title=How to reduce your carbon footprint - by reuse! | publisher=Durabilt, Q1 2011 | access-date=June 14, 2014 | author=Krikke, H.R. | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083915/http://www.durabilit.eu/Plone/news/how-to-reduce-your-company2019s-carbon-footprint-2013-by-reuse | archive-date=August 19, 2014 }}</ref>
==Internalized environmental costs==
{{Main|Pigovian tax}}
A [[Pigovian tax]] is an [[environmental tax]]: a charge on items that reflects the environmental costs of their manufacture and disposal. This makes the environmental benefit of using one reusable item instead of many disposable ones into a financial incentive. Such charges have been introduced in some countries.{{specify|date=June 2014}}{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
Interior Jacobsen House Bathroom Earthship 2009.JPG|An interior bathroom wall that incorporates repurposed clear glass bottles into a [[bottle wall]]
Craft stuff mt angel restore 22798459.jpg|A salvaged window from the deconstruction of an old house turned home decor with paint and stencils
Plastic Bottles and LED Lights repurposed as a chandelier during Ramadan in Muslim Quarter, Jerusalem 2011.jpg|Plastic bottles (with LED lights) repurposed as a chandelier during Ramadan in the Muslim Quarter, [[Jerusalem]]
PS 109 rehab 215 E. 99th St jeh.jpg|A school being prepared for reuse as housing
</gallery>
==See also==
<!-- New links in alphabetical order please -->
{{div col}}
* [[Code reuse]]
* [[Computer recycling]]
* [[Micro-sustainability]]
* [[Rechargeable battery]]
* [[Remanufacturing]]
* [[Resealable packaging]]
* [[Resource recovery]]
* [[Reusable launch vehicle]]
* [[Reusable shopping bag]]
* [[Reusable spacecraft]]
* [[Reuse of bottles]]
* [[Reuse of human excreta]]
* [[Scrap]]
* [[Used good]]
* [[Waste minimization]]
* [[Upcycling]]
{{div col end}}
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=32em}}
{{Recycling}}
{{Waste}}
{{Sharing economy}}
[[Category:Reuse| ]]
[[Category:Waste management concepts]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | 'https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/7338427?visit_id=638490166136885292-675972682&p=new-si-ui&rd=1
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Tutorials Design, Galaxy Watch, SmartTV
Using Tizen Studio Features in Incompatible OS Environments
Shamima Nasrin
Engineer, Samsung Developer Program
Feb 23, 2024
Tizen Studio is the most popular IDE for developing applications for Tizen-based devices, such as Samsung smartwatches running Tizen OS and Samsung TVs. Its features include a developer-friendly environment for debugging, testing, and running applications.
The Tizen Studio IDE generally runs smoothly on most versions of Windows, macOS, and Linux distributions, provided that the OS version meets all the defined in the Tizen documentation.
However, even if your operating system does not fully meet the requirements, Tizen Studio can be installed. But, tools such as Device Manager and Emulator Manager may not work properly in the graphical interface. Consequently, you may be unable to test your application on the emulator or actual devices through Device Manager.
In this scenario where you have installed the latest Tizen Studio version on your computer but encounter issues with the graphical UI (GUI), you can use Device Manager through the command line interface (CLI) instead to run and test your application on the target device.
The following instructions describe how to use the CLI as an alternative way to run your application on a connected device when using Tizen Studio on an incompatible OS version.
To install an application on a connected device through the Tizen Studio CLI:
From the command prompt or terminal, navigate to your Tizen Studio installation folder.
To retrieve the list of connected emulators and/or devices, enter the following command:
<tizen-studio-path>/tools/sdb devices
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change color theme
In the following figure, an emulator is connected.
Figure 1: List of connected devices
Grant permission to install the application:
<tizen-studio-path>/tools/ide/bin/tizen install-permit -s emulator-26101
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change color theme
You receive the message “Install Permitted.” If the device already had installation permission, the message instead says “Permit is not required for this target.”
Figure 2: Installation permission
To install the application on the device, enter the command in the following format:
<tizen-studio-path>/tools/ide/bin/tizen install -s serial -n pkgname -- <path to base dir of tpk or wgt>
Copy
change color theme
For example:
<tizen-studio-path>/tools/ide/bin/tizen install -n org.tizen.basic-1.0.0-i386.tpk -s emulator-26101 -- ~/workspace/basic/Debug
Copy
change color theme
Now you can test and debug the application on the device.
For information about more CLI commands, see .
Although this alternative method enables you to access some Tizen Studio tools while running Tizen Studio on an incompatible operating system, it is strongly recommended to perform development in an environment that fully supports Tizen Studio.
If you have questions about or need help with the information in this article, you can share your queries on the or contact us through .
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==Examples==
===Reuse centers and virtual exchange===
Reuse centers (also known as a "swap shop" or a "take-it-or-leave-it") facilitate the transaction and redistribution of unwanted, yet perfectly usable, materials and equipment from one entity to another. The entities that benefit from either side of this service (as donors, sellers, recipients, or buyers) can be businesses, nonprofits, schools, community groups, and individuals. Some maintain a physical space (a reuse center), and others act as a matching service (a virtual exchange). Reuse centers generally maintain both warehouses and trucks. They take possession of the donated materials and make them available for redistribution or sale.
Virtual exchanges do not have physical space or trucks, but instead allow users to post listings of materials available and wanted (for free or at low cost) on an online materials exchange website. Staff will help facilitate the exchange of these materials without ever taking possession of the materials.
==Addressing issues of repair, reuse and recycling==
One way to address this is to increase product longevity; either by extending a product's first life or addressing issues of repair, reuse and recycling.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hassini |first1=Marwan |last2=Redondo-Iglesias |first2=Eduardo |last3=Venet |first3=Pascal |date=3 April 2023 |title=Second-Life Batteries Modeling for Performance Tracking in a Mobile Charging Station |journal=World Electric Vehicle Journal |language=en |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=94 |doi=10.3390/wevj14040094 |doi-access=free |issn=2032-6653}}</ref> Reusing products, and therefore extending the use of that item beyond the point where it is discarded by its first user is preferable to recycling or disposal,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Directive - 2008/98 - EN - Waste framework directive - EUR-Lex |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2008/98/oj |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> as this is the least energy intensive solution, although it is often overlooked.
The EU Circular Economy Package recognises the importance of extending product lifetimes and includes repair and reuse of products in its action plan to ensure products reach their optimum lifespan. If targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions are to be reached, then reuse needs to be included as part of a whole life cycle approach.
A strong second hand market-place exists, with charity shops on most high streets, car boot(trunk) sales and online auction sites maintaining popularity and regular TV shows featuring both buying and selling at auction.
==Business models providing opportunities==
[[File:Electric wire reel reused in a furniture ecodesign.jpg|thumb|An electric wire reel reused as a center table]]
This would not necessarily be a poor strategy for businesses, there are business models that provide opportunities to retain ownership of valuable products and components through leasing, servicing, repair and re-sale.
While it is choices made by consumers that will ultimately determine the success of such ventures, there is huge potential for the reuse of goods and materials to deliver social and economic and environmental benefits. The EU Circular Economy Package, the Scottish Circular Economy Strategy and the national reuse target set by the Spanish Government are examples of governments recognising that second-hand goods should be a good value mainstream option and are working towards making reuse easier for consumers.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=COLE, C., COOPER, T. and GNANAPRAGASAM, A.|title=Extending product lifetimes through WEEE reuse and repair: opportunities and challenges in the UK.|date=2016|issue=Electronics Goes Green 2016+ Conference, Berlin, Germany, 7–9 September 2016}}</ref>
In environmental terms, reuse ought to be more common than recycling and [[energy recovery]], with both the financial and environmental costs of simple refurbishment of some products being a fraction of original manufacturing costs. If we are going to be serious about living in a Circular Economy we need to recognise the value of our waste and ensure resources are kept in the economy for longer, slow down the use of valuable raw materials and ensure that products are reused and materials are recycled rather than landfilled.
===Remanufacturing===
{{Main|Remanufacturing}}
The most involved reuse organizations are "repair and overhaul" industries which take valuable parts, such as [[engine block]]s, [[office furniture]], [[#Printer cartridges and toners reuse|toner cartridges]], [[single-use camera]]s, [[aircraft hull]]s, and [[cathode ray tube]]s (CRTs) and refurbish them in a factory environment in order to meet the same/similar specifications as new products.
When the item is resold under the same OEM name, it is informally considered a "gray market" item - if it is sold as used, it's legal, if it's represented as an OEM product eligible for [[Rebate (marketing)|rebate]]s and [[warranties]], it is considered "counterfeit" or "black market".{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} The automobile parts industry in the USA is governed by laws on the disclosure of "used" parts and, in some states, [[mattress]]es which have been used are required to be sanitized or destroyed.<ref>[http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2002/julqtr/41cfr101-45.309-8.htm Code of Federal Regulations, Title 41, Volume 2] ''CITE: 41CFR101-45.309-8'' Part 101-45--Sale, Abandonment, Or Destruction Of Personal Property</ref>
===Package deposit programs===
{{main|Reusable packaging}}
[[File:E8086-Bishkek-glass-bottle-collection-point.jpg|left|thumb|Reusable glass bottles collected in [[Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan]]. Deposit values (0.5-2 [[Kyrgyz som]]) are posted next to the sample bottles on the rack]]
[[Container-deposit legislation|Deposit]] programs offer customers a financial incentive to return [[packaging]] for reuse. Although no longer common, international experience is showing that they can still be an effective way to encourage packaging reuse.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Agnusdei |first1=Giulio Paolo |last2=Gnoni |first2=Maria Grazia |last3=Sgarbossa |first3=Fabio |date=2022-12-10 |title=Are deposit-refund systems effective in managing glass packaging? State of the art and future directions in Europe |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=851 |pages=158256 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158256 |pmid=36028036 |bibcode=2022ScTEn.851o8256A |issn=0048-9697|doi-access=free }}</ref> However, financial incentive, unless great, may be less of an incentive than convenience: statistics show that, on average, a milk bottle is returned 12 times, whereas a lemonade bottle with a 15p deposit is returned, on average, only 3 times.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}
Refillable bottles are used extensively in many European countries; for example in [[Denmark]], 98% of bottles are refillable, and 98% of those are returned by consumers.<ref>[http://www.alternet.org/envirohealth/21651/ Litterbug World], Ariane Conrad Hyde, ''[[LiP Magazine]]''. April 1, 2005</ref> These systems are typically supported by [[Container deposit legislation|deposit laws]] and other regulations.
Sainsbury Ltd have operated a [[plastic bag|plastic carrier bag]] cash refund scheme in 1991 - “the penny back scheme”.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=1991-05-16|title=Recession fails to subdue Sainsbury|author=Graham Searjeant}}</ref> The scheme is reported to save 970 tonnes of plastic per annum. The scheme has now been extended to a penny back on a voucher which can be contributed to schools registered on the scheme; it estimates this will raise the savings in plastic to 2500 tonnes per annum.
In some developing nations like India and Pakistan, the cost of new bottles often forces manufacturers to collect and refill old glass bottles for selling [[cola]] and other drinks. India and Pakistan also have a way of reusing old newspapers: "Kabadiwalas" buy these from the readers for scrap value and reuse them as packaging or recycle them. Scrap intermediaries help consumer dispose of other materials including metals and plastics.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ogwueleka |first1=Toochukwu Chibueze |last2=B p |first2=Naveen |date=2021-11-01 |title=Activities of informal recycling sector in North-Central, Nigeria |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427121000036 |journal=Energy Nexus |volume=1 |pages=100003 |doi=10.1016/j.nexus.2021.100003 |issn=2772-4271|doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Closed-loop programs===
[[File:A boy with GUTA.jpg|thumb|After a pallet has been used for transport, the pallets can be picked up by pallet dealers for reuse which is usually preferred over the cost of disposal fees]]
These apply primarily to items of packaging, for example, where a company is involved in the regular transportation of goods from a central manufacturing facility to warehouses or warehouses to retail outlets. In these cases there is considerable benefit to using reusable “transport packaging” such as plastic crates or pallets.
The benefits of closed-loop reuse are primarily due to low additional transport costs being involved, the empty lorry returning with the empty crates. There have been some recent attempts to get the public to join in on closed loop reuse schemes where shoppers use reusable plastic baskets in place of carrier bags for transporting their goods home from the supermarket; these baskets fit on specially designed trolleys making shopping supposedly easier.
===Refilling programs===
There have been some market-led initiatives to encourage packaging reuse by companies introducing [[refill pack]]s of certain commodities (mainly soap powders and cleaning fluids), the contents being transferred before use into a reusable package kept by the customer, with the savings in packaging being passed onto the customer by lower shelf prices. The refill pack itself is not reused, but being a minimal package for carrying the product home, it requires less material than one with the durability and features (reclosable top, convenient shape, etc.) required for easy use of the product, while avoiding the transport cost and emissions of returning the reusable package to the factory.
===Regifting===
{{Main|Regift}}
The average American, for example, throws away 67.9 pounds<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.textilerecycle.org |title=Council for Textile Recycling (CTR) |publisher=Textilerecycle.org |access-date=2014-06-08}}</ref> of used clothing and rags.
===Repurposing===
{{Main|Repurposing}}
[[File:Reuses of old pens.jpg|thumb|upright|Old pens are being used as a plant pot]]
Repurposing is to use a tool for use as another tool, usually for a purpose unintended by the original tool-maker. Typically, repurposing is done using items usually considered to be junk or garbage. A good example of this would be the [[Earthship]] style of house, that uses tires as insulating walls and bottles as glass walls. Reuse is not limited to repeated uses for the same purpose. Examples of repurposing include using tires as [[boat fender]]s and [[steel drum]]s or plastic drums as [[feeding trough]]s and/or composting bins.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.diyncrafts.com/6081/repurpose/100-ways-repurpose-reuse-broken-household-items | title=100 Ways to Repurpose and Reuse Broken Household Items | publisher=DIY & Crafts | access-date=June 14, 2014| date=2014-05-03 }}</ref>
=== Reuse of waste water and excreta in agriculture ===
{{Main|Reuse of excreta}}
The nutrients, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients, and organic matter contained in [[wastewater]], excreta ([[urine]] and [[feces]]) and [[greywater]] have traditionally been reused in agriculture in many countries and are still being reused in agriculture to this day - unfortunately often in an unregulated and unsafe manner. This is particularly a problem in many developing countries (e.g. Mexico, India, Bangladesh, Ghana) where untreated or poorly treated wastewater is used directly in agriculture. The WHO Guidelines from 2006 have set up a framework how this reuse can be done safely by following a multiple barrier approach.<ref>WHO (2006). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1004 WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater - Volume IV: Excreta and greywater use in agriculture]. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland</ref>
=== Waste valorization ===
{{Excerpt|waste valorization}}
==Measuring the impact of reuse, reuse metrics==
Determining the balance of how the several effects of reuse interact is often best accomplished by a formal [[life cycle assessment]]. For example, research has shown that reusing a product can reduce {{CO2}} emissions and [[carbon footprint]] by more than 50% relative to the complete product life cycle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citeulike.org/article/9832067 |title=Impact of closed-loop network configurations on carbon footprints: A case study in copiers |publisher=Citeulike.org |access-date=2014-06-08 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081713/http://www.citeulike.org/article/9832067 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A relatively unknown effective way to reduce {{CO2}} emissions and carbon footprint is reusing products. Often the relative carbon footprint of manufacturing and the [[supply chain]] is unknown.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.durabilit.eu/Plone/news/how-to-reduce-your-company2019s-carbon-footprint-2013-by-reuse | title=How to reduce your carbon footprint - by reuse! | publisher=Durabilt, Q1 2011 | access-date=June 14, 2014 | author=Krikke, H.R. | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083915/http://www.durabilit.eu/Plone/news/how-to-reduce-your-company2019s-carbon-footprint-2013-by-reuse | archive-date=August 19, 2014 }}</ref>
==Internalized environmental costs==
{{Main|Pigovian tax}}
A [[Pigovian tax]] is an [[environmental tax]]: a charge on items that reflects the environmental costs of their manufacture and disposal. This makes the environmental benefit of using one reusable item instead of many disposable ones into a financial incentive. Such charges have been introduced in some countries.{{specify|date=June 2014}}{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
Interior Jacobsen House Bathroom Earthship 2009.JPG|An interior bathroom wall that incorporates repurposed clear glass bottles into a [[bottle wall]]
Craft stuff mt angel restore 22798459.jpg|A salvaged window from the deconstruction of an old house turned home decor with paint and stencils
Plastic Bottles and LED Lights repurposed as a chandelier during Ramadan in Muslim Quarter, Jerusalem 2011.jpg|Plastic bottles (with LED lights) repurposed as a chandelier during Ramadan in the Muslim Quarter, [[Jerusalem]]
PS 109 rehab 215 E. 99th St jeh.jpg|A school being prepared for reuse as housing
</gallery>
==See also==
<!-- New links in alphabetical order please -->
{{div col}}
* [[Code reuse]]
* [[Computer recycling]]
* [[Micro-sustainability]]
* [[Rechargeable battery]]
* [[Remanufacturing]]
* [[Resealable packaging]]
* [[Resource recovery]]
* [[Reusable launch vehicle]]
* [[Reusable shopping bag]]
* [[Reusable spacecraft]]
* [[Reuse of bottles]]
* [[Reuse of human excreta]]
* [[Scrap]]
* [[Used good]]
* [[Waste minimization]]
* [[Upcycling]]
{{div col end}}
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=32em}}
{{Recycling}}
{{Waste}}
{{Sharing economy}}
[[Category:Reuse| ]]
[[Category:Waste management concepts]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,7 +1,94 @@
-{{More citations needed|date=November 2023}}
+https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/7338427?visit_id=638490166136885292-675972682&p=new-si-ui&rd=1
+Global Search
+Tutorials Design, Galaxy Watch, SmartTV
+Using Tizen Studio Features in Incompatible OS Environments
+Shamima Nasrin
-{{Short description|Using again}}
-[[File:Badewannen-Ruhebank in München - 446b.jpg|thumb|A [[bathtub]] upcycled into a bench in [[Munich]].]]
-'''Reuse''' is the action or practice of using an item, whether for its original purpose (conventional reuse) or to fulfill a different function ([[creative reuse]] or [[repurposing]]). It should be distinguished from [[recycling]], which is the breaking down of used items to make [[raw material]]s for the manufacture of new products. Reuse—by taking, but not reprocessing, previously used items—helps save time, money, energy and resources. In broader economic terms, it can make quality products available to people and organizations with limited means, while generating jobs and business activity that contribute to the economy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wm.com/location/california/san-diego/city/environment/reuse.jsp|title=Reuse|website=www.wm.com|access-date=2019-02-05}}</ref>
+Engineer, Samsung Developer Program
+
+Feb 23, 2024
+Tizen Studio is the most popular IDE for developing applications for Tizen-based devices, such as Samsung smartwatches running Tizen OS and Samsung TVs. Its features include a developer-friendly environment for debugging, testing, and running applications.
+
+The Tizen Studio IDE generally runs smoothly on most versions of Windows, macOS, and Linux distributions, provided that the OS version meets all the defined in the Tizen documentation.
+
+However, even if your operating system does not fully meet the requirements, Tizen Studio can be installed. But, tools such as Device Manager and Emulator Manager may not work properly in the graphical interface. Consequently, you may be unable to test your application on the emulator or actual devices through Device Manager.
+
+In this scenario where you have installed the latest Tizen Studio version on your computer but encounter issues with the graphical UI (GUI), you can use Device Manager through the command line interface (CLI) instead to run and test your application on the target device.
+
+The following instructions describe how to use the CLI as an alternative way to run your application on a connected device when using Tizen Studio on an incompatible OS version.
+
+To install an application on a connected device through the Tizen Studio CLI:
+
+From the command prompt or terminal, navigate to your Tizen Studio installation folder.
+To retrieve the list of connected emulators and/or devices, enter the following command:
+<tizen-studio-path>/tools/sdb devices
+Copy
+change color theme
+In the following figure, an emulator is connected.
+
+
+
+Figure 1: List of connected devices
+
+Grant permission to install the application:
+<tizen-studio-path>/tools/ide/bin/tizen install-permit -s emulator-26101
+Copy
+change color theme
+You receive the message “Install Permitted.” If the device already had installation permission, the message instead says “Permit is not required for this target.”
+
+
+
+Figure 2: Installation permission
+
+To install the application on the device, enter the command in the following format:
+<tizen-studio-path>/tools/ide/bin/tizen install -s serial -n pkgname -- <path to base dir of tpk or wgt>
+Copy
+change color theme
+For example:
+
+<tizen-studio-path>/tools/ide/bin/tizen install -n org.tizen.basic-1.0.0-i386.tpk -s emulator-26101 -- ~/workspace/basic/Debug
+Copy
+change color theme
+Now you can test and debug the application on the device.
+
+For information about more CLI commands, see .
+
+Although this alternative method enables you to access some Tizen Studio tools while running Tizen Studio on an incompatible operating system, it is strongly recommended to perform development in an environment that fully supports Tizen Studio.
+
+If you have questions about or need help with the information in this article, you can share your queries on the or contact us through .
+
+https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/7338427?visit_id=638490166136885292-675972682&p=new-si-ui&rd=1
+
+Back to List
+Next
+Prev
+Recent Posts
+https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/?title=File:Wikiversity_logo_2017_en.svg#/editor/Pinid.com
+Tutorials
+Galaxy Watch
+Learn about features in Watch Face Studio that make it easier to publish in Play Store, see how to register your design in Google Play Console, then follow the steps for testing, making your design ready for publication.
+https://play.google.com/store/apps/editorial?id=mc_apps_new_on_play_fcp
+
+Most Fowziya Akther Houya
+Apr 3, 2024
+Tutorials
+IoT
+Easily connect and register your Hub Connected Matter, Zigbee, and Z-Wave devices
+
+SmartThings Developers
+Feb 6, 2024
+Tutorials
+IoT
+Share your SmartThings Schema integration to test and iterate it across your environments.
+
+SmartThings Developers
+Jan 26, 2024
+Quick Link
+Family Site
+Legal
+Social Communications
+System Status
+Site Map
+Copyright © 2024 SAMSUNG. All rights reserved.
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Global Search
Tutorials Design, Galaxy Watch, SmartTV
Using Tizen Studio Features in Incompatible OS Environments
Shamima Nasrin
</p><p>Engineer, Samsung Developer Program
</p><p>Feb 23, 2024
Tizen Studio is the most popular IDE for developing applications for Tizen-based devices, such as Samsung smartwatches running Tizen OS and Samsung TVs. Its features include a developer-friendly environment for debugging, testing, and running applications.
</p><p>The Tizen Studio IDE generally runs smoothly on most versions of Windows, macOS, and Linux distributions, provided that the OS version meets all the defined in the Tizen documentation.
</p><p>However, even if your operating system does not fully meet the requirements, Tizen Studio can be installed. But, tools such as Device Manager and Emulator Manager may not work properly in the graphical interface. Consequently, you may be unable to test your application on the emulator or actual devices through Device Manager.
</p><p>In this scenario where you have installed the latest Tizen Studio version on your computer but encounter issues with the graphical UI (GUI), you can use Device Manager through the command line interface (CLI) instead to run and test your application on the target device.
</p><p>The following instructions describe how to use the CLI as an alternative way to run your application on a connected device when using Tizen Studio on an incompatible OS version.
</p><p>To install an application on a connected device through the Tizen Studio CLI:
</p><p>From the command prompt or terminal, navigate to your Tizen Studio installation folder.
To retrieve the list of connected emulators and/or devices, enter the following command:
<tizen-studio-path>/tools/sdb devices
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In the following figure, an emulator is connected.
</p><p><br />
</p><p>Figure 1: List of connected devices
</p><p>Grant permission to install the application:
<tizen-studio-path>/tools/ide/bin/tizen install-permit -s emulator-26101
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You receive the message “Install Permitted.” If the device already had installation permission, the message instead says “Permit is not required for this target.”
</p><p><br />
</p><p>Figure 2: Installation permission
</p><p>To install the application on the device, enter the command in the following format:
<tizen-studio-path>/tools/ide/bin/tizen install -s serial -n pkgname -- <path to base dir of tpk or wgt>
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For example:
</p><p><tizen-studio-path>/tools/ide/bin/tizen install -n org.tizen.basic-1.0.0-i386.tpk -s emulator-26101 -- ~/workspace/basic/Debug
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change color theme
Now you can test and debug the application on the device.
</p><p>For information about more CLI commands, see .
</p><p>Although this alternative method enables you to access some Tizen Studio tools while running Tizen Studio on an incompatible operating system, it is strongly recommended to perform development in an environment that fully supports Tizen Studio.
</p><p>If you have questions about or need help with the information in this article, you can share your queries on the or contact us through .
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Examples"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Reuse_centers_and_virtual_exchange"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Reuse centers and virtual exchange</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Addressing_issues_of_repair,_reuse_and_recycling"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Addressing issues of repair, reuse and recycling</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Business_models_providing_opportunities"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Business models providing opportunities</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Remanufacturing"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Remanufacturing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Package_deposit_programs"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Package deposit programs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Closed-loop_programs"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Closed-loop programs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Refilling_programs"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Refilling programs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Regifting"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Regifting</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Repurposing"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Repurposing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Reuse_of_waste_water_and_excreta_in_agriculture"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Reuse of waste water and excreta in agriculture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Waste_valorization"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Waste valorization</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Measuring_the_impact_of_reuse,_reuse_metrics"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Measuring the impact of reuse, reuse metrics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Internalized_environmental_costs"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Internalized environmental costs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Examples">Examples</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Reuse_centers_and_virtual_exchange">Reuse centers and virtual exchange</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reuse centers and virtual exchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Reuse centers (also known as a "swap shop" or a "take-it-or-leave-it") facilitate the transaction and redistribution of unwanted, yet perfectly usable, materials and equipment from one entity to another. The entities that benefit from either side of this service (as donors, sellers, recipients, or buyers) can be businesses, nonprofits, schools, community groups, and individuals. Some maintain a physical space (a reuse center), and others act as a matching service (a virtual exchange). Reuse centers generally maintain both warehouses and trucks. They take possession of the donated materials and make them available for redistribution or sale.
</p><p>Virtual exchanges do not have physical space or trucks, but instead allow users to post listings of materials available and wanted (for free or at low cost) on an online materials exchange website. Staff will help facilitate the exchange of these materials without ever taking possession of the materials.
</p>
<h2><span id="Addressing_issues_of_repair.2C_reuse_and_recycling"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Addressing_issues_of_repair,_reuse_and_recycling">Addressing issues of repair, reuse and recycling</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Addressing issues of repair, reuse and recycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>One way to address this is to increase product longevity; either by extending a product's first life or addressing issues of repair, reuse and recycling.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> Reusing products, and therefore extending the use of that item beyond the point where it is discarded by its first user is preferable to recycling or disposal,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> as this is the least energy intensive solution, although it is often overlooked.
</p><p>The EU Circular Economy Package recognises the importance of extending product lifetimes and includes repair and reuse of products in its action plan to ensure products reach their optimum lifespan. If targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions are to be reached, then reuse needs to be included as part of a whole life cycle approach.
</p><p>A strong second hand market-place exists, with charity shops on most high streets, car boot(trunk) sales and online auction sites maintaining popularity and regular TV shows featuring both buying and selling at auction.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Business_models_providing_opportunities">Business models providing opportunities</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Business models providing opportunities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Electric_wire_reel_reused_in_a_furniture_ecodesign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Electric_wire_reel_reused_in_a_furniture_ecodesign.jpg/220px-Electric_wire_reel_reused_in_a_furniture_ecodesign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Electric_wire_reel_reused_in_a_furniture_ecodesign.jpg/330px-Electric_wire_reel_reused_in_a_furniture_ecodesign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Electric_wire_reel_reused_in_a_furniture_ecodesign.jpg/440px-Electric_wire_reel_reused_in_a_furniture_ecodesign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>An electric wire reel reused as a center table</figcaption></figure>
<p>This would not necessarily be a poor strategy for businesses, there are business models that provide opportunities to retain ownership of valuable products and components through leasing, servicing, repair and re-sale.
</p><p>While it is choices made by consumers that will ultimately determine the success of such ventures, there is huge potential for the reuse of goods and materials to deliver social and economic and environmental benefits. The EU Circular Economy Package, the Scottish Circular Economy Strategy and the national reuse target set by the Spanish Government are examples of governments recognising that second-hand goods should be a good value mainstream option and are working towards making reuse easier for consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>In environmental terms, reuse ought to be more common than recycling and <a href="/info/en/?search=Energy_recovery" title="Energy recovery">energy recovery</a>, with both the financial and environmental costs of simple refurbishment of some products being a fraction of original manufacturing costs. If we are going to be serious about living in a Circular Economy we need to recognise the value of our waste and ensure resources are kept in the economy for longer, slow down the use of valuable raw materials and ensure that products are reused and materials are recycled rather than landfilled.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Remanufacturing">Remanufacturing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Remanufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/info/en/?search=Remanufacturing" title="Remanufacturing">Remanufacturing</a></div>
<p>The most involved reuse organizations are "repair and overhaul" industries which take valuable parts, such as <a href="/info/en/?search=Engine_block" title="Engine block">engine blocks</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Office_furniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Office furniture">office furniture</a>, <a href="#Printer_cartridges_and_toners_reuse">toner cartridges</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Single-use_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-use camera">single-use cameras</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Aircraft_hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft hull">aircraft hulls</a>, and <a href="/info/en/?search=Cathode_ray_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathode ray tube">cathode ray tubes</a> (CRTs) and refurbish them in a factory environment in order to meet the same/similar specifications as new products.
</p><p>When the item is resold under the same OEM name, it is informally considered a "gray market" item - if it is sold as used, it's legal, if it's represented as an OEM product eligible for <a href="/info/en/?search=Rebate_(marketing)" title="Rebate (marketing)">rebates</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Warranties" class="mw-redirect" title="Warranties">warranties</a>, it is considered "counterfeit" or "black market".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The automobile parts industry in the USA is governed by laws on the disclosure of "used" parts and, in some states, <a href="/info/en/?search=Mattress" title="Mattress">mattresses</a> which have been used are required to be sanitized or destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Package_deposit_programs">Package deposit programs</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Package deposit programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/info/en/?search=Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:E8086-Bishkek-glass-bottle-collection-point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/E8086-Bishkek-glass-bottle-collection-point.jpg/220px-E8086-Bishkek-glass-bottle-collection-point.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/E8086-Bishkek-glass-bottle-collection-point.jpg/330px-E8086-Bishkek-glass-bottle-collection-point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/E8086-Bishkek-glass-bottle-collection-point.jpg/440px-E8086-Bishkek-glass-bottle-collection-point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Reusable glass bottles collected in <a href="/info/en/?search=Bishkek,_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan">Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan</a>. Deposit values (0.5-2 <a href="/info/en/?search=Kyrgyz_som" title="Kyrgyz som">Kyrgyz som</a>) are posted next to the sample bottles on the rack</figcaption></figure>
<p><a href="/info/en/?search=Container-deposit_legislation" title="Container-deposit legislation">Deposit</a> programs offer customers a financial incentive to return <a href="/info/en/?search=Packaging" title="Packaging">packaging</a> for reuse. Although no longer common, international experience is showing that they can still be an effective way to encourage packaging reuse.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> However, financial incentive, unless great, may be less of an incentive than convenience: statistics show that, on average, a milk bottle is returned 12 times, whereas a lemonade bottle with a 15p deposit is returned, on average, only 3 times.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p><br />
</p><p>Refillable bottles are used extensively in many European countries; for example in <a href="/info/en/?search=Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, 98% of bottles are refillable, and 98% of those are returned by consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> These systems are typically supported by <a href="/info/en/?search=Container_deposit_legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="Container deposit legislation">deposit laws</a> and other regulations.
</p><p>Sainsbury Ltd have operated a <a href="/info/en/?search=Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">plastic carrier bag</a> cash refund scheme in 1991 - “the penny back scheme”.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> The scheme is reported to save 970 tonnes of plastic per annum. The scheme has now been extended to a penny back on a voucher which can be contributed to schools registered on the scheme; it estimates this will raise the savings in plastic to 2500 tonnes per annum.
</p><p>In some developing nations like India and Pakistan, the cost of new bottles often forces manufacturers to collect and refill old glass bottles for selling <a href="/info/en/?search=Cola" title="Cola">cola</a> and other drinks. India and Pakistan also have a way of reusing old newspapers: "Kabadiwalas" buy these from the readers for scrap value and reuse them as packaging or recycle them. Scrap intermediaries help consumer dispose of other materials including metals and plastics.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Closed-loop_programs">Closed-loop programs</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Closed-loop programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:A_boy_with_GUTA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/A_boy_with_GUTA.jpg/220px-A_boy_with_GUTA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/A_boy_with_GUTA.jpg/330px-A_boy_with_GUTA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/A_boy_with_GUTA.jpg/440px-A_boy_with_GUTA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>After a pallet has been used for transport, the pallets can be picked up by pallet dealers for reuse which is usually preferred over the cost of disposal fees</figcaption></figure>
<p>These apply primarily to items of packaging, for example, where a company is involved in the regular transportation of goods from a central manufacturing facility to warehouses or warehouses to retail outlets. In these cases there is considerable benefit to using reusable “transport packaging” such as plastic crates or pallets.
</p><p>The benefits of closed-loop reuse are primarily due to low additional transport costs being involved, the empty lorry returning with the empty crates. There have been some recent attempts to get the public to join in on closed loop reuse schemes where shoppers use reusable plastic baskets in place of carrier bags for transporting their goods home from the supermarket; these baskets fit on specially designed trolleys making shopping supposedly easier.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Refilling_programs">Refilling programs</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Refilling programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>There have been some market-led initiatives to encourage packaging reuse by companies introducing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Refill_pack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refill pack (page does not exist)">refill packs</a> of certain commodities (mainly soap powders and cleaning fluids), the contents being transferred before use into a reusable package kept by the customer, with the savings in packaging being passed onto the customer by lower shelf prices. The refill pack itself is not reused, but being a minimal package for carrying the product home, it requires less material than one with the durability and features (reclosable top, convenient shape, etc.) required for easy use of the product, while avoiding the transport cost and emissions of returning the reusable package to the factory.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Regifting">Regifting</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Regifting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/info/en/?search=Regift" title="Regift">Regift</a></div>
<p>The average American, for example, throws away 67.9 pounds<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> of used clothing and rags.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Repurposing">Repurposing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Repurposing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/info/en/?search=Repurposing" title="Repurposing">Repurposing</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Reuses_of_old_pens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Reuses_of_old_pens.jpg/170px-Reuses_of_old_pens.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Reuses_of_old_pens.jpg/255px-Reuses_of_old_pens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Reuses_of_old_pens.jpg/340px-Reuses_of_old_pens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption>Old pens are being used as a plant pot</figcaption></figure>
<p>Repurposing is to use a tool for use as another tool, usually for a purpose unintended by the original tool-maker. Typically, repurposing is done using items usually considered to be junk or garbage. A good example of this would be the <a href="/info/en/?search=Earthship" title="Earthship">Earthship</a> style of house, that uses tires as insulating walls and bottles as glass walls. Reuse is not limited to repeated uses for the same purpose. Examples of repurposing include using tires as <a href="/info/en/?search=Boat_fender" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat fender">boat fenders</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Steel_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel drum">steel drums</a> or plastic drums as <a href="/info/en/?search=Feeding_trough" class="mw-redirect" title="Feeding trough">feeding troughs</a> and/or composting bins.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Reuse_of_waste_water_and_excreta_in_agriculture">Reuse of waste water and excreta in agriculture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reuse of waste water and excreta in agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/info/en/?search=Reuse_of_excreta" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuse of excreta">Reuse of excreta</a></div>
<p>The nutrients, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients, and organic matter contained in <a href="/info/en/?search=Wastewater" title="Wastewater">wastewater</a>, excreta (<a href="/info/en/?search=Urine" title="Urine">urine</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Feces" title="Feces">feces</a>) and <a href="/info/en/?search=Greywater" title="Greywater">greywater</a> have traditionally been reused in agriculture in many countries and are still being reused in agriculture to this day - unfortunately often in an unregulated and unsafe manner. This is particularly a problem in many developing countries (e.g. Mexico, India, Bangladesh, Ghana) where untreated or poorly treated wastewater is used directly in agriculture. The WHO Guidelines from 2006 have set up a framework how this reuse can be done safely by following a multiple barrier approach.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Waste_valorization">Waste valorization</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Waste valorization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_valorization" title="Waste valorization">Waste valorization</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Waste_valorization&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt">
<p><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_valorization" title="Waste valorization">Waste valorization, beneficial reuse, beneficial use, value recovery</a> or waste reclamation<sup id="cite_ref-Waste_valorization_:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waste_valorization_:2-12">[12]</a></sup> is the process of <a href="/info/en/?search=Waste" title="Waste">waste</a> products or <a href="/info/en/?search=Residue_(chemistry)" title="Residue (chemistry)">residues</a> from an economic process being <a href="/info/en/?search=Valorisation" title="Valorisation">valorized</a> (given economic value), by reuse or <a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling" title="Recycling">recycling</a> in order to create economically useful materials.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waste_valorization_:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waste_valorization_:2-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waste_valorization_:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waste_valorization_:1-14">[14]</a></sup> The term comes from practices in <a href="/info/en/?search=Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">sustainable manufacturing</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Sustainable_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable Economics">economics</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">industrial ecology</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management" title="Waste management">waste management</a>. The term is usually applied in industrial processes where residue from creating or processing one good is used as a raw material or energy feedstock for another industrial process.<sup id="cite_ref-Waste_valorization_:2_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waste_valorization_:2-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waste_valorization_:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waste_valorization_:1-14">[14]</a></sup> <a href="/info/en/?search=Industrial_waste" title="Industrial waste">Industrial wastes</a> in particular are good candidates for valorization because they tend to be more consistent and predictable than other waste, such as <a href="/info/en/?search=Household_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Household waste">household waste</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Waste_valorization_:2_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waste_valorization_:2-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waste_valorization_:6_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waste_valorization_:6-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p>
Historically, most industrial processes treated waste products as something to be disposed of, causing <a href="/info/en/?search=Industrial_Pollution" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial Pollution">industrial pollution</a> unless handled properly.<sup id="cite_ref-Waste_valorization_:3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waste_valorization_:3-16">[16]</a></sup> However, increased regulation of residual materials and socioeconomic changes, such as the introduction of ideas about <a href="/info/en/?search=Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">circular economy</a> in the 1990s and 2000s increased focus on industrial practices to <a href="/info/en/?search=Resource_recovery" title="Resource recovery">recover these resources</a> as <a href="/info/en/?search=Value_added" title="Value added">value add</a> materials.<sup id="cite_ref-Waste_valorization_:3_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waste_valorization_:3-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waste_valorization_:4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waste_valorization_:4-17">[17]</a></sup> Academics focus on finding economic value to reduce environmental impact of other industries as well, for example the development of <a href="/info/en/?search=Non-timber_forest_product" title="Non-timber forest product">non-timber forest products</a> to encourage conservation.</div></div>
<h2><span id="Measuring_the_impact_of_reuse.2C_reuse_metrics"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Measuring_the_impact_of_reuse,_reuse_metrics">Measuring the impact of reuse, reuse metrics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Measuring the impact of reuse, reuse metrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Determining the balance of how the several effects of reuse interact is often best accomplished by a formal <a href="/info/en/?search=Life_cycle_assessment" class="mw-redirect" title="Life cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a>. For example, research has shown that reusing a product can reduce CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions and <a href="/info/en/?search=Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a> by more than 50% relative to the complete product life cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> A relatively unknown effective way to reduce CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions and carbon footprint is reusing products. Often the relative carbon footprint of manufacturing and the <a href="/info/en/?search=Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chain</a> is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Internalized_environmental_costs">Internalized environmental costs</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Internalized environmental costs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/info/en/?search=Pigovian_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigovian tax">Pigovian tax</a></div>
<p>A <a href="/info/en/?search=Pigovian_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigovian tax">Pigovian tax</a> is an <a href="/info/en/?search=Environmental_tax" title="Environmental tax">environmental tax</a>: a charge on items that reflects the environmental costs of their manufacture and disposal. This makes the environmental benefit of using one reusable item instead of many disposable ones into a financial incentive. Such charges have been introduced in some countries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Statement needs to be more specific about the content to which it refers. (June 2014)">specify</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery">Gallery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Interior_Jacobsen_House_Bathroom_Earthship_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="An interior bathroom wall that incorporates repurposed clear glass bottles into a bottle wall"><img alt="An interior bathroom wall that incorporates repurposed clear glass bottles into a bottle wall" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Interior_Jacobsen_House_Bathroom_Earthship_2009.JPG/360px-Interior_Jacobsen_House_Bathroom_Earthship_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Interior_Jacobsen_House_Bathroom_Earthship_2009.JPG/540px-Interior_Jacobsen_House_Bathroom_Earthship_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Interior_Jacobsen_House_Bathroom_Earthship_2009.JPG/720px-Interior_Jacobsen_House_Bathroom_Earthship_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">An interior bathroom wall that incorporates repurposed clear glass bottles into a <a href="/info/en/?search=Bottle_wall" title="Bottle wall">bottle wall</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Craft_stuff_mt_angel_restore_22798459.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A salvaged window from the deconstruction of an old house turned home decor with paint and stencils"><img alt="A salvaged window from the deconstruction of an old house turned home decor with paint and stencils" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Craft_stuff_mt_angel_restore_22798459.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">A salvaged window from the deconstruction of an old house turned home decor with paint and stencils</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 106.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter,_Jerusalem_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plastic bottles (with LED lights) repurposed as a chandelier during Ramadan in the Muslim Quarter, Jerusalem"><img alt="Plastic bottles (with LED lights) repurposed as a chandelier during Ramadan in the Muslim Quarter, Jerusalem" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg/160px-Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg/240px-Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg/320px-Plastic_Bottles_and_LED_Lights_repurposed_as_a_chandelier_during_Ramadan_in_Muslim_Quarter%2C_Jerusalem_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Plastic bottles (with LED lights) repurposed as a chandelier during Ramadan in the Muslim Quarter, <a href="/info/en/?search=Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:PS_109_rehab_215_E._99th_St_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A school being prepared for reuse as housing"><img alt="A school being prepared for reuse as housing" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PS_109_rehab_215_E._99th_St_jeh.jpg/320px-PS_109_rehab_215_E._99th_St_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PS_109_rehab_215_E._99th_St_jeh.jpg/480px-PS_109_rehab_215_E._99th_St_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PS_109_rehab_215_E._99th_St_jeh.jpg/640px-PS_109_rehab_215_E._99th_St_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">A school being prepared for reuse as housing</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Code_reuse" title="Code reuse">Code reuse</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Computer_recycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer recycling">Computer recycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Micro-sustainability" title="Micro-sustainability">Micro-sustainability</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Rechargeable_battery" title="Rechargeable battery">Rechargeable battery</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Remanufacturing" title="Remanufacturing">Remanufacturing</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Resealable_packaging" title="Resealable packaging">Resealable packaging</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Resource_recovery" title="Resource recovery">Resource recovery</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Reusable_launch_vehicle" title="Reusable launch vehicle">Reusable launch vehicle</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Reusable_shopping_bag" title="Reusable shopping bag">Reusable shopping bag</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Reusable_spacecraft" title="Reusable spacecraft">Reusable spacecraft</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Reuse_of_human_excreta" title="Reuse of human excreta">Reuse of human excreta</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Scrap" title="Scrap">Scrap</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Used_good" title="Used good">Used good</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_minimization" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste minimization">Waste minimization</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reuse&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHassiniRedondo-IglesiasVenet2023" class="citation journal cs1">Hassini, Marwan; Redondo-Iglesias, Eduardo; Venet, Pascal (3 April 2023). <a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fwevj14040094">"Second-Life Batteries Modeling for Performance Tracking in a Mobile Charging Station"</a>. <i>World Electric Vehicle Journal</i>. <b>14</b> (4): 94. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fwevj14040094">10.3390/wevj14040094</a></span>. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2032-6653">2032-6653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Electric+Vehicle+Journal&rft.atitle=Second-Life+Batteries+Modeling+for+Performance+Tracking+in+a+Mobile+Charging+Station&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=94&rft.date=2023-04-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fwevj14040094&rft.issn=2032-6653&rft.aulast=Hassini&rft.aufirst=Marwan&rft.au=Redondo-Iglesias%2C+Eduardo&rft.au=Venet%2C+Pascal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fwevj14040094&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReuse" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKrikke,_H.R." class="citation web cs1">Krikke, H.R. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083915/http://www.durabilit.eu/Plone/news/how-to-reduce-your-company2019s-carbon-footprint-2013-by-reuse">"How to reduce your carbon footprint - by reuse!"</a>. Durabilt, Q1 2011. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://www.durabilit.eu/Plone/news/how-to-reduce-your-company2019s-carbon-footprint-2013-by-reuse">the original</a> on August 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+reduce+your+carbon+footprint+-+by+reuse%21&rft.pub=Durabilt%2C+Q1+2011&rft.au=Krikke%2C+H.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.durabilit.eu%2FPlone%2Fnews%2Fhow-to-reduce-your-company2019s-carbon-footprint-2013-by-reuse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReuse" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recycling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/info/en/?search=Template:Recycling" title="Template:Recycling"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/info/en/?search=Template_talk:Recycling" title="Template talk:Recycling"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/info/en/?search=Special:EditPage/Template:Recycling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Recycling"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recycling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_by_material" title="Recycling by material">Materials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Aluminium_recycling" title="Aluminium recycling">Aluminium</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Asphalt_concrete#Recycling" title="Asphalt concrete">Asphalt</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Concrete_recycling" title="Concrete recycling">Concrete</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Copper#Recycling" title="Copper">Copper</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Cotton_recycling" title="Cotton recycling">Cotton</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Energy_recycling" title="Energy recycling">Energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">Glass</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Gypsum_recycling" title="Gypsum recycling">Gypsum</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">Plastic</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Refrigerant_reclamation" title="Refrigerant reclamation">Refrigerant</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Scrap" title="Scrap">Scrap</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Timber_recycling" title="Timber recycling">Timber</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Yellow_grease" title="Yellow grease">Cooking oil</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">Water</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Recycling_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/75px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/113px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/150px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_by_product" title="Recycling by product">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Appliance_recycling" title="Appliance recycling">Appliances</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Automotive_oil_recycling" title="Automotive oil recycling">Automotive oil</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Battery_recycling" title="Battery recycling">Batteries</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Bottle_recycling" title="Bottle recycling">Bottles</a>
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=PET_bottle_recycling" title="PET bottle recycling">PET bottles</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Computer_recycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer recycling">Computers</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Drug_recycling" title="Drug recycling">Drugs</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Fluorescent_lamp_recycling" title="Fluorescent lamp recycling">Fluorescent lamps</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Reclaimed_lumber" title="Reclaimed lumber">Lumber</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Mobile phones</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Paint_recycling" title="Paint recycling">Paint</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Ship_disposal" title="Ship disposal">Ships</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Textile_recycling" title="Textile recycling">Textiles</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Tire_recycling" title="Tire recycling">Tires</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Vehicle_recycling" title="Vehicle recycling">Vehicles</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apparatus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_bin" title="Recycling bin">Bins</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Blue_bag" title="Blue bag">Blue bags</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Blue_box_recycling_system" title="Blue box recycling system">Blue boxes</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_codes" title="Recycling codes">Codes</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Kerbside_collection" title="Kerbside collection">Collection</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Materials_recovery_facility" title="Materials recovery facility">Materials recovery facility</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_sorting" title="Waste sorting">Waste sorting</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_rates_by_country" title="Recycling rates by country">Rate by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_Australia" title="Recycling in Australia">Australia</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_Brazil" title="Recycling in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_Canada" title="Recycling in Canada">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Recycling in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_Israel" title="Recycling in Israel">Israel</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_Japan" title="Recycling in Japan">Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_Malaysia" title="Recycling in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Recycling in the Netherlands">The Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Switzerland#Recycling" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_Taiwan" title="Recycling in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Recycling in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Recycling in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_in_the_United_States" title="Recycling in the United States">United States</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Dematerialization_(products)" title="Dematerialization (products)">Dematerialization</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Downcycling" title="Downcycling">Downcycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Durable_good" title="Durable good">Durable good</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Eco-industrial_park" title="Eco-industrial park">Eco-industrial park</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Extended_producer_responsibility" title="Extended producer responsibility">Extended producer responsibility</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Green_economy" title="Green economy">Green economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Industrial_metabolism" title="Industrial metabolism">Industrial metabolism</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Interchangeable_parts" title="Interchangeable parts">Interchangeable parts</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Land_recycling" title="Land recycling">Land recycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Material_flow_analysis" title="Material flow analysis">Material flow analysis</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Precycling" title="Precycling">Precycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Product_stewardship" title="Product stewardship">Product stewardship</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Nutrient_cycle" title="Nutrient cycle">Recycling (ecological)</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Refill_(campaign)" title="Refill (campaign)">Refill (campaign)</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Repairability" title="Repairability">Repairability</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Resource_recovery" title="Resource recovery">Resource recovery</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Reuse_of_human_excreta" title="Reuse of human excreta">Reuse of human excreta</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Repurposing" title="Repurposing">Repurposing</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reuse</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling_symbol" title="Recycling symbol">Symbol</a> (<a href="/info/en/?search=Green_Dot_(symbol)" title="Green Dot (symbol)">Green Dot</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Dumpster_diving" title="Dumpster diving">Urban lumberjacking</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_hierarchy" title="Waste hierarchy">Waste hierarchy</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_minimisation" title="Waste minimisation">Waste minimisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_picker" title="Waste picker">Waste picking</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Wishcycling" title="Wishcycling">Wishcycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Zero_waste" title="Zero waste">Zero waste</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Cogeneration" title="Cogeneration">Cogeneration</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Compost" title="Compost">Composting</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Container-deposit_legislation" title="Container-deposit legislation">Container-deposit legislation</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Dumpster_diving" title="Dumpster diving">Dumpster diving</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical consumerism</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Reverse_vending_machine" title="Reverse vending machine">Reverse vending machine</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste" title="Waste">Waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">Waste-to-energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Waste collection</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_law" title="Waste management law">Waste management law</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/info/en/?search=Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/info/en/?search=Category:Recycling" title="Category:Recycling">Category</a>
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Category:Recycling_by_country" title="Category:Recycling by country">by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Category:Recycling_by_material" title="Category:Recycling by material">by material</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Category:Recycling_by_product" title="Category:Recycling by product">by product</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Category:Recycling_organizations" title="Category:Recycling organizations">organizations</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Index_of_recycling_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of recycling articles">Index</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Recycling" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Recycling">Commons</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Biosolids,_waste,_and_waste_management" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/info/en/?search=Template:Waste" title="Template:Waste"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/info/en/?search=Template_talk:Waste" title="Template talk:Waste"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/info/en/?search=Special:EditPage/Template:Waste" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Waste"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Biosolids,_waste,_and_waste_management" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/info/en/?search=Biosolids" title="Biosolids">Biosolids</a>, <a href="/info/en/?search=Waste" title="Waste">waste</a>, and <a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management" title="Waste management">waste management</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/info/en/?search=List_of_waste_types" title="List of waste types">Major types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Agricultural_wastewater_treatment" title="Agricultural wastewater treatment">Agricultural wastewater</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Biodegradable_waste" title="Biodegradable waste">Biodegradable waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Biomedical_waste" title="Biomedical waste">Biomedical waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Brown_waste" title="Brown waste">Brown waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Chemical_waste" title="Chemical waste">Chemical waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Construction_waste" title="Construction waste">Construction waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Demolition_waste" title="Demolition waste">Demolition waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a>
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Electronic_waste_by_country" title="Electronic waste by country">by country</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Food_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Food waste">Food waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Green_waste" title="Green waste">Green waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">Hazardous waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_heat" title="Waste heat">Heat waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Industrial_waste" title="Industrial waste">Industrial waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Industrial_wastewater" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial wastewater">Industrial wastewater</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Litter" title="Litter">Litter</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Marine_debris" title="Marine debris">Marine debris</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Tailings" title="Tailings">Mining waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Municipal_solid_waste" title="Municipal solid waste">Municipal solid waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">Open defecation</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Packaging_waste" title="Packaging waste">Packaging waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Post-consumer_waste" title="Post-consumer waste">Post-consumer waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">Radioactive waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Scrap" title="Scrap">Scrap metal</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Sewage" title="Sewage">Sewage</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Sharps_waste" title="Sharps waste">Sharps waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">Surface runoff</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Toxic_waste" title="Toxic waste">Toxic waste</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Bedrijfsafval.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/120px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/180px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/240px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Anaerobic_digestion" title="Anaerobic digestion">Anaerobic digestion</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Balefill" title="Balefill">Balefill</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Compost" title="Compost">Composting</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Garden_waste_dumping" title="Garden waste dumping">Garden waste dumping</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Illegal_dumping" title="Illegal dumping">Illegal dumping</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Incineration" title="Incineration">Incineration</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Landfill" title="Landfill">Landfill</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Landfill_mining" title="Landfill mining">Landfill mining</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Mechanical_biological_treatment" title="Mechanical biological treatment">Mechanical biological treatment</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Materials_recovery_facility" title="Materials recovery facility">Mechanical sorting</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Photodegradation" title="Photodegradation">Photodegradation</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Resource_recovery" title="Resource recovery">Resource recovery</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Sewage treatment</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Urban_mining" title="Urban mining">Urban mining</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Waste collection</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_sorting" title="Waste sorting">Waste sorting</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Global_waste_trade" title="Global waste trade">Waste trade</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_treatment" title="Waste treatment">Waste treatment</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">Waste-to-energy</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_by_country" title="Waste by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Albania">Albania</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Armenia" title="Waste management in Armenia">Armenia</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Australia" title="Waste management in Australia">Australia</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Belgium">Belgium</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Bangladesh" title="Waste management in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Environmental_issues_in_Brazil#Waste" title="Environmental issues in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Egypt" title="Waste management in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Hong_Kong" title="Waste management in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_India#Solid_waste_policy" title="Waste management in India">India</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Israel">Israel</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Japan" title="Waste management in Japan">Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Kazakhstan" title="Waste management in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_in_New_Zealand" title="Waste in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Russia" title="Waste management in Russia">Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_South_Korea" title="Waste management in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Switzerland" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Syria">Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Taiwan" title="Waste management in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Thailand" title="Waste management in Thailand">Thailand</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_in_Turkey" title="Waste management in Turkey">Turkey</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Waste in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_in_the_United_States" title="Waste in the United States">United States</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Bamako_Convention" title="Bamako Convention">Bamako Convention</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Basel_Convention" title="Basel Convention">Basel Convention</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">EU directives</a>
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Battery_Directive" title="Battery Directive">batteries</a>
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Battery_recycling" title="Battery recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_framework_directive" title="Waste framework directive">framework</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_Incineration_Directive" title="Waste Incineration Directive">incineration</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Landfill_Directive" title="Landfill Directive">landfills</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Restriction_of_Hazardous_Substances_Directive" title="Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive">RoHS</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=End_of_Life_Vehicles_Directive" title="End of Life Vehicles Directive">vehicles</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Urban_Waste_Water_Treatment_Directive" title="Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive">waste water</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_Electrical_and_Electronic_Equipment_Directive" title="Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive">WEEE</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=London_Convention_on_the_Prevention_of_Marine_Pollution_by_Dumping_of_Wastes_and_Other_Matter" title="London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter">London Convention</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Oslo_Dumping_Convention" title="Oslo Dumping Convention">Oslo Convention</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=OSPAR_Convention" title="OSPAR Convention">OSPAR Convention</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Sanitation_worker" title="Sanitation worker">Sanitation worker</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Street_sweeper" title="Street sweeper">Street sweeper</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_collector" title="Waste collector">Waste collector</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_picker" title="Waste picker">Waste picker</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Blue_Ribbon_Commission_on_America%27s_Nuclear_Future" title="Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future">Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=China%27s_waste_import_ban" title="China's waste import ban">China's waste import ban</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Cleaner_production" title="Cleaner production">Cleaner production</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Downcycling" title="Downcycling">Downcycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Eco-industrial_park" title="Eco-industrial park">Eco-industrial park</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Extended_producer_responsibility" title="Extended producer responsibility">Extended producer responsibility</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=High-level_radioactive_waste_management" title="High-level radioactive waste management">High-level radioactive waste management</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=History_of_waste_management" title="History of waste management">History of waste management</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Landfill_fire" title="Landfill fire">Landfill fire</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Sewage_regulation_and_administration" title="Sewage regulation and administration">Sewage regulation and administration</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_hierarchy" title="Waste hierarchy">Waste hierarchy</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_management_law" title="Waste management law">Waste legislation</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waste_minimisation" title="Waste minimisation">Waste minimisation</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Zero_waste" title="Zero waste">Zero waste</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/16px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/24px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/info/en/?search=Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/info/en/?search=Category:Waste" title="Category:Waste">Category: Waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Index_of_waste_management_articles" title="Index of waste management articles">Index</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Category:Waste_management_journals" title="Category:Waste management journals">Journals</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Category:Waste-related_lists" title="Category:Waste-related lists">Lists</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Category:Waste_organizations" title="Category:Waste organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sharing_economy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/info/en/?search=Template:Sharing_economy" title="Template:Sharing economy"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/info/en/?search=Template_talk:Sharing_economy" title="Template talk:Sharing economy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/info/en/?search=Special:EditPage/Template:Sharing_economy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sharing economy"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sharing_economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/info/en/?search=Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=AloPeyk" title="AloPeyk">AloPeyk</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=BlaBlaCar" title="BlaBlaCar">BlaBlaCar</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Beat_(app)" title="Beat (app)">Beat</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Bolt_(company)" title="Bolt (company)">Bolt</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Bykea" title="Bykea">Bykea</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Cabify" title="Cabify">Cabify</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=The_Drivers_Cooperative" title="The Drivers Cooperative">Co-Op Ride</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=DiDi" title="DiDi">DiDi</a>
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=99_(app)" title="99 (app)">99</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Fasten_(company)" title="Fasten (company)">Fasten</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Free_Now_(service)" title="Free Now (service)">Free Now</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Gett" title="Gett">Gett</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Gojek" title="Gojek">Gojek</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Grab_(company)" title="Grab (company)">Grab</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=InDrive" title="InDrive">inDrive</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Kakao_T" title="Kakao T">KakaoTaxi</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Lyft" title="Lyft">Lyft</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Ola_Cabs" title="Ola Cabs">Ola Cabs</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Pathao" title="Pathao">Pathao</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=PickMe" title="PickMe">PickMe</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Snapp!" title="Snapp!">Snapp</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Swvl" title="Swvl">Swvl</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=TAPSI" class="mw-redirect" title="TAPSI">TAPSI</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Turo_(company)" title="Turo (company)">Turo</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a>
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Careem" title="Careem">Careem</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Via_Transportation" title="Via Transportation">Via</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Waymo" title="Waymo">Waymo</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Wingly_(company)" title="Wingly (company)">Wingly</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Yandex.Taxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yandex.Taxi">Yandex.Taxi</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Yourdrive" title="Yourdrive">Yourdrive</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/info/en/?search=For-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="For-profit">For-profit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=CouchSurfing" title="CouchSurfing">CouchSurfing</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Misterb%26b" title="Misterb&b">misterb&b</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/info/en/?search=Non-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit">Non-profit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=BeWelcome" class="mw-redirect" title="BeWelcome">BeWelcome</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Dachgeber" class="mw-redirect" title="Dachgeber">Dachgeber</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Hospitality_Club" title="Hospitality Club">Hospitality Club</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Pasporta_Servo" title="Pasporta Servo">Pasporta Servo</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Servas_International" title="Servas International">Servas International</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Trustroots" class="mw-redirect" title="Trustroots">Trustroots</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Warm_Showers" title="Warm Showers">Warm Showers</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Helpx" class="mw-redirect" title="Helpx">Helpx</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Project funding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=GiveSendGo" title="GiveSendGo">GiveSendGo</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=GoFundMe" title="GoFundMe">GoFundMe</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Indiegogo" title="Indiegogo">Indiegogo</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Patreon" title="Patreon">Patreon</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=MercadoLibre" class="mw-redirect" title="MercadoLibre">MercadoLibre</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Vinted" title="Vinted">Vinted</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Kijiji" title="Kijiji">Kijiji</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music and film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Sofar_Sounds" title="Sofar Sounds">Sofar Sounds</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Tudou" title="Tudou">Tudou</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services and freelancing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Pickle_(app)" title="Pickle (app)">Pickle</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=TaskRabbit" class="mw-redirect" title="TaskRabbit">TaskRabbit</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Thumbtack_(website)" title="Thumbtack (website)">Thumbtack</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Swap and renting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Erento" title="Erento">Erento</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=The_Freecycle_Network" title="The Freecycle Network">The Freecycle Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Streetbank" title="Streetbank">Streetbank</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Olio_(app)" title="Olio (app)">Olio</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=ToursByLocals" title="ToursByLocals">ToursByLocals</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Withlocals" title="Withlocals">Withlocals</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Social_peer-to-peer_processes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/info/en/?search=Social_peer-to-peer_processes" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Social peer-to-peer processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Peer-to-peer_banking" title="Peer-to-peer banking">Peer-to-peer banking</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Peer-to-peer_carsharing" title="Peer-to-peer carsharing">Peer-to-peer carsharing</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Peer-to-peer_lending" title="Peer-to-peer lending">Peer-to-peer lending</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Peer-to-peer ridesharing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Barter" title="Barter">Barter</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">Bicycle-sharing system</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Blockchain" title="Blockchain">Blockchain</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Book_swapping" title="Book swapping">Book swapping</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Borrowing_center" title="Borrowing center">Borrowing center</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Carpool" title="Carpool">Carpool</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Clothing_swap" title="Clothing swap">Clothing swap</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Co-living" title="Co-living">Co-living</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Collaborative_consumption" title="Collaborative consumption">Collaborative consumption</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">Crowdsourcing</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Expert_network" title="Expert network">Expert network</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Flight_sharing" title="Flight sharing">Flight sharing</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Garden_sharing" title="Garden sharing">Garden sharing</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Gig_worker" title="Gig worker">Gig worker</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Home_exchange" title="Home exchange">Home exchange</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Homestay" title="Homestay">Homestay</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Open_innovation" title="Open innovation">Open innovation</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Platform_cooperative" title="Platform cooperative">Platform cooperative</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Platform_economy" title="Platform economy">Platform economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Product-service_system" title="Product-service system">Product-service system</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reuse</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Ridesharing company</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">Scooter-sharing system</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Tool_library" title="Tool library">Tool library</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Two-sided_market" title="Two-sided market">Two-sided market</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Wiki" title="Wiki">Wiki</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Labour</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=International_Alliance_of_App-based_Transport_Workers" title="International Alliance of App-based Transport Workers">International Alliance of App-based Transport Workers</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Gorillas Workers Collective
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=2021_Gorillas_strikes" title="2021 Gorillas strikes">strikes</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Indian_Federation_of_App-based_Transport_Workers" title="Indian Federation of App-based Transport Workers">Indian Federation of App-based Transport Workers</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=National_Taxi_Workers%27_Alliance" title="National Taxi Workers' Alliance">National Taxi Workers' Alliance (NY)</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Rideshare_Drivers_United_(California)" title="Rideshare Drivers United (California)"> Rideshare Drivers United (CA)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Professional_E-Hailing_Drivers_and_Private_Owners_Association" title="Professional E-Hailing Drivers and Private Owners Association">Professional E-Hailing Drivers and Private Owners Association</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1713450236' |