Edit count of the user (user_editcount) | null |
Name of the user account (user_name) | '2603:6080:240F:7C16:E91E:13B4:9BA6:EAC7' |
Age of the user account (user_age) | 0 |
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups) | [
0 => '*'
] |
Rights that the user has (user_rights) | [
0 => 'createaccount',
1 => 'read',
2 => 'edit',
3 => 'createtalk',
4 => 'writeapi',
5 => 'viewmyprivateinfo',
6 => 'editmyprivateinfo',
7 => 'editmyoptions',
8 => 'abusefilter-log-detail',
9 => 'urlshortener-create-url',
10 => 'centralauth-merge',
11 => 'abusefilter-view',
12 => 'abusefilter-log',
13 => 'vipsscaler-test'
] |
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile) | true |
Whether the user is editing from mobile app (user_app) | false |
Page ID (page_id) | 702761 |
Page namespace (page_namespace) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title) | 'Reverse psychology' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle) | 'Reverse psychology' |
Edit protection level of the page (page_restrictions_edit) | [] |
Last ten users to contribute to the page (page_recent_contributors) | [
0 => '74.62.14.36',
1 => '67.8.44.123',
2 => 'Materialscientist',
3 => '2600:6C50:4C00:2F:9044:D35B:E5E8:EC60',
4 => 'Ketabdarhossein',
5 => 'Lettherebedarklight',
6 => 'ModernDayTrilobite',
7 => 'Patar knight',
8 => '119.74.72.210',
9 => 'Abcd445'
] |
Page age in seconds (page_age) | 627076934 |
Action (action) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary) | 'I fixed a typo I seen👍👍👍' |
Old content model (old_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
New content model (new_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Type of persuasion technique}}
{{Unfocused|date=July 2023}}
'''Reverse psychology''' is a technique involving the assertion of a belief or behavior that is opposite to the one desired, with the expectation that this approach will encourage the subject of the [[persuasion]] to do what is actually desired. This technique relies on the psychological phenomenon of [[Reactance (psychology)|reactance]], in which a person has a negative emotional reaction to being persuaded, and thus chooses the option which is being advocated against.<ref>[http://changingminds.org/techniques/general/more_methods/reverse_psychology.htm Reverse Psychology]. Changingminds.org. Retrieved on 2018-09-30.</ref> This may work especially well on a person who is resistant by nature, while direct requests work best for people who are compliant.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-science-influence/201104/do-you-use-reverse-psychology-stop-right-now |title=Do You Use "Reverse Psychology"? Stop Right Now! |publisher=Psychology Today |access-date=2018-09-22}}</ref> The one being [[Psychological manipulation|manipulated]] is usually unaware of what is really going on.<ref name="MalyugaOrlova2017">{{cite book|author1=Elena N. Malyuga|author2=Svetlana N. Orlova|title=Linguistic Pragmatics of Intercultural Professional and Business Communication|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zq4-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71|date=14 November 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-68744-5|page=71}}</ref>
==Among adolescents ==
[[Susan Fowler]] writes, "Beware that such strategies [of reverse psychology] can backfire. Children can sense manipulation a mile away." She instead recommends leading by example.<ref>{{cite book|author=Susan Fowler|title=Why Motivating People Doesn't Work . . . and What Does: The New Science of Leading, Energizing, and Engaging|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UmSEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32|date=30 September 2014|publisher=Berrett-Koehler Publishers|isbn=978-1-62656-184-7|page=32}}</ref>
Reverse psychology is often used on [[children]] due to their high tendency to respond with [[Reactance (psychology)|reactance]], a desire to restore threatened freedom of action. Questions have, however been raised about such an approach when it is more than merely instrumental, in the sense that "reverse psychology implies a clever manipulation of the misbehaving child".<ref>R. J. Delaney/K. R Kunstal, ''Troubled Transplants'' (2000) p. 81</ref>
The psychology professor [[John Gottman]] advises against using reverse psychology on teens on the presumption that they will rebel, stating that "such strategies are confusing, manipulative, dishonest, and they rarely work."<ref>John Gottman, ''The Heart of Parenting'' (London 1997) p. 21, p. 179 and p. 212</ref> A typical example of using reverse psychology among adolescents is a parent openly disapproving of their child's romantic relationship, with the objective being to encourage the pursuit of the opposite behavior.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=MacDonald |first1=Geoff |last2=Nail |first2=Paul R. |last3=Harper |first3=Jesse R. |date=2011-01-01 |title=Do people use reverse psychology? An exploration of strategic self-anticonformity |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |journal=Social Influence |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |s2cid=11218199 |issn=1553-4510}}</ref>
This psychological approach has proven to be particularly effective with adolescents as many of these are prone to rebellious tendencies and will frequently behave in a manner antithetical to the advice of well-meaning authority figures.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=MacDonald |first1=Geoff |last2=Nail |first2=Paul R. |last3=Harper |first3=Jesse R. |date=2011-01-01 |title=Do people use reverse psychology? An exploration of strategic self-anticonformity |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |journal=Social Influence |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |s2cid=11218199 |issn=1553-4510}}</ref>
== Psychological reactance theory ==
Reverse psychology can fall under many different psychological influence techniques. Reverse psychology is sometimes referred to as [[Reactance (psychology)|psychological reactance]], the aroused state that occurs when freedom is threatened or eliminated. The higher stake or more freedoms that are threatened, the more arousal that can be expected. People prefer to be free to select what they like. When that freedom is taken away, they are motivated to restore it.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rosenberg |first1=Benjamin D. |last2=Siegel |first2=Jason T. |date=December 2018 |title=A 50-year review of psychological reactance theory: Do not read this article. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000091 |journal=Motivation Science |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=281–300 |doi=10.1037/mot0000091 |s2cid=149259088 |issn=2333-8121}}</ref> Psychological reactance can be better explained as the idea that an item will be wanted more if people are told they cannot have it,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-13 |title=Reactance - IResearchNet |url=http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/social-influence/reactance/ |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=Psychology |language=en-US}}</ref> which can relate to reverse psychology on some levels. Another influence technique that relates to reverse psychology is strategic self-anticonformity. Strategic self-anticonformity is when a person advocates a position opposite of their true thought while hiding the fact that they are using a persuasion tactic. A typical example of such is marketing techniques or tricks such as "''do not click this link''" or "''do not push this button''." Strategic self-anticonformity and psychological reactance relate to their expected negativity or disagreeableness from their influence target.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hajjat |first=Fatima |date=2016 |editor-last=Obal |editor-first=Michael W. |editor2-last=Krey |editor2-first=Nina |editor3-last=Bushardt |editor3-first=Christian |title=Is There Such a Thing as Reverse Psychology? |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-11815-4_218 |journal=Let's Get Engaged! Crossing the Threshold of Marketing's Engagement Era |series=Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science |language=en |location=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |pages=721–722 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-11815-4_218 |isbn=978-3-319-11815-4}}</ref>
==In psychotherapy==
Closely associated with reverse psychology in [[psychotherapy]] is the technique of "the ''Paradoxical intervention''....This technique has also been called 'prescribing the symptom' and 'antisuggestion{{Single double}}.<ref>Gerald Corey, ''Theory and Practice of Counselling and Psychotherapy'' (1991) p. 155</ref> The therapist frames their message so that [[Psychological resistance|resistance]] to it promotes change.<ref>R. F. Baumeister/B. J. Bushman, ''Social Psychology and Human Nature'' <2007) p. 467</ref>
Such interventions "can have a similar impact as humour in helping clients cast their problems in a new light....By going ''with'', not against, the client's resistance, the therapist makes the behaviour less attractive".<ref>Corey, p. 385 and p. 155</ref> This is referred to as reframing. This means pretending to agree with clients' thoughts and beliefs; reaffirming them out loud to make them realize their fallibility.<ref>[https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/evolution-the-self/201302/when-all-else-failstry-reverse-psychology?amp When All Else Fails, Try Reverse Psychology!]. Psychology Today. Retrieved on 2018-09-30.</ref>
== In relationships ==
In personal interpersonal relationships, reverse psychology can be implemented from two perspectives. On the one hand, it can be used as a manipulative "persuasion tactic" in a negative fashion. Alternatively, it can also be used as a helpful method to benefit relationships.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=MacDonald |first1=Geoff |last2=Nail |first2=Paul R. |last3=Harper |first3=Jesse R. |date=2011-01-01 |title=Do people use reverse psychology? An exploration of strategic self-anticonformity |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |journal=Social Influence |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |s2cid=11218199 |issn=1553-4510}}</ref>
== Marketing and decision-making ==
[[Psychology]] is another word to refer to "perception, analyzing and focusing on other people's decisions." Throughout history, this has been utilized in many ways. A common one would be games. In certain card games, the idea is to make the person focus on the REVERSE of what they think they are paying attention to.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pailhès |first1=Alice |last2=Kuhn |first2=Gustav |date=2020-06-17 |title=The apparent action causation: Using a magician forcing technique to investigate our illusory sense of agency over the outcome of our choices |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820932916 |journal=Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1784–1795 |doi=10.1177/1747021820932916 |pmid=32478591 |pmc=7583451 |issn=1747-0218}}</ref>
Modern marketing and advertising strategies use similar techniques. Although these studies have not been consistently shown in laboratory settings, and the results are often inconclusive, reverse psychology is often considered a controversial topic, and results from experiments are not always consistent. Nevertheless, it has still profoundly impacted the study of perception in psychology and behavior.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pailhès |first1=Alice |last2=Kuhn |first2=Gustav |date=2020-06-17 |title=The apparent action causation: Using a magician forcing technique to investigate our illusory sense of agency over the outcome of our choices |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820932916 |journal=Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1784–1795 |doi=10.1177/1747021820932916 |pmid=32478591 |pmc=7583451 |issn=1747-0218}}</ref>
==Paradoxical marketing==
{{Main|Secret brand}}
"In a world where it is expected that all things should be available ... less availability has emerged as a new selling point: by engaging in such a restricted anti-marketing ploy, the brand has won kudos."<ref>Indrajit Sinha/Thomas Foscht, ''Reverse Psychology Marketing'' (2007) p. 156</ref> The result can be "what the Japanese call a [[secret brand]] ... no regular retail outlets, no catalog, no web presence apart from a few cryptic mentions ... people like it because it's almost impossible to find".<ref>William Gibson, ''Zero History'' (London 2010) p. 45-6 and p 72</ref> Such an example of a brand is [[Cayce Pollard]]'s "The Gabriel Hounds".<ref name="Henthorne2011">{{cite book|author=Tom Henthorne|title=William Gibson: A Literary Companion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDrfRE6PspwC&pg=PA137|date=13 June 2011|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-8693-9|page=137}}</ref>
==Adorno and Horkheimer==
[[Theodor Adorno]] and [[Max Horkheimer]] characterized the effect of the [[culture industry]] as "psychoanalysis in reverse". Their analysis began with the [[dialectic]] which operated in Germany when heirs of the Romantic movement became seekers of "Strength through Joy", only to have their movement co-opted by a combination of the [[mass media]] and [[National Socialism]]. A modern example begins with the "fitness and jogging" boom in the United States in the 1970s. The "running craze" at the Boston Marathon and in California, dialectically, was the thesis that one did not have to be "Rocky" in a sweaty gym to be physically fit, and that body acceptance was the key to effective aerobic training. The culture industry responded to the thesis with major advertising campaigns from Calvin Klein and others, using images featuring exceptionally toned models. People compared themselves to these models, which created a sense of competition, and many high school students avoid jogging because of the resultant body shame.
The [[culture industry]] mass-produces standardized material. This would not be dangerous if the material was meaningless, but it frequently offers and reinforces ideals and norms representing implied criticism of those who fail to match up. Empirical studies show that [[mass culture]] products can lower confidence and self-esteem, and cause humiliation among men and women whose particular characteristics fall outside the normalized range for appearance, behaviour, religion, ethnicity, etc. Similarly, advertising frequently seeks to create a need to buy by showing differences between ''actual'' and ''ideal'' situations. The intention is usually to induce dissatisfaction with the present situation and to induce expectations of satisfaction through the acquisition of products that will transform the actual reality into the idealized reality. Hence, if the peer group buys, all those who cannot afford the products will feel additional unhappiness and frustration until they eventually join the group. Thus, sometimes the process of advocacy for one outcome intends to produce the opposite outcome as the motivation for purchase.
However, more often than not, the cause and effect are unintended. Marxist logic applied to the culture industry indicates that it is, ''per se'', a dialectic in which declining profit margins and increasing costs make investors anxious for "sure things". Repeating winning formulas and stereotyping create the lowest common denominator products with the lowest costs. But the less creative the input, the more likely it becomes that roles will be cast in ways that match, rather than challenge, common prejudices which can inadvertently (or quite deliberately) damage the esteem of those in the marginalized groups.<ref>Adorno, Theodor W. '' Negative Dialectics'' Continuum International Publishing Group; Reprint (1983) {{ISBN|0-8264-0132-5}} (Reference for entire section Adorno and Horkheimer)</ref><ref>Horkheimer, Max, Adorno, Theodor W. & Cumming, John the (Translator) ''Dialectic of Enlightenment'' (Reference for entire section Adorno and Horkheimer)</ref>{{page needed|date=September 2018}}
==In popular culture==
[[File:Do not press button.jpg|thumb|100px|A stereotypical joke sign, inviting the user ''not'' to press it]]
Classic examples of reverse psychology in popular culture include a [[Kill switch|large, bright red button]] with a sign next to it saying "Do not push", or a sign saying "Jump at your own risk".
There are numerous examples of reverse psychology in fiction, cinema, and [[cartoons]], including William Shakespeare's ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' where [[Mark Antony]] uses reverse psychology to get the townspeople to cause a riot. Mark Antony pretends to side with [[Brutus]] by complimenting his deeds which have led to Caesar's murder, while actually inciting the crowd's anger.<ref>"How did Antony convince the crowd in his funeral oration to seek revenge in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare?" eNotes, 5 Dec. 2012, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-rhetorical-tactics-does-anthony-use-win-back-376363. Accessed 30 Sep. 2018</ref>
In one of [[Joel Chandler Harris]]'s [[Uncle Remus]] stories, [[Br'er Rabbit]] escaped from [[Br'er Fox]] by repeatedly pleading "Please, Br'er Fox, don't fling me in that briar patch." "The fox did so, which allowed the rabbit to escape: The Rabbit used 'reverse psychology' to outsmart the Fox."<ref>Madelyn Jablon, ''Black Metafiction'' (1999) p. 100</ref>
In [[Edgar Allan Poe]]'s ''[[The Cask of Amontillado]]'', Montresor uses reverse psychology to persuade Fortunato to enter his vaults.<ref name="Pinsker1990">{{cite book|author=Sanford Pinsker|title=Bearing the Bad News: Contemporary American Literature and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7d5JDn-NtAC&pg=PA141|year=1990|publisher=University of Iowa Press|isbn=978-1-58729-190-6|page=141}}</ref> He says that Fortunato is too tired and should get some rest and that he should find someone else to help him with his wine tasting problem. Montresor knew that Fortunato would disagree and insisted on entering the vault, leading him into his death by [[immurement]].
The Swedish fictional character [[Alfie Atkins]] uses reverse psychology in the children's book ''[[You're a Sly One, Alfie Atkins!]]'' from 1977.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hd.se/2014-10-31/sma-och-stora-aventyr-med-alfons-aberg | title=Små och stora äventyr med Alfons Åberg}}</ref> He exaggerates his own childishness in order to convince his older cousins to sit at the grown-up table.
One of the most famous examples of reverse psychology in popular culture is a gag in the ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' cartoon ''[[Rabbit Fire]]''. While Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck are arguing over whether it's Duck Season or Rabbit Season, Bugs suddenly switches sides and says "Rabbit Season", throwing Daffy off and resulting in him arguing for Duck Season, and getting himself shot.
In the 1988 film ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'', Eddie Valiant, in order to save Roger from being executed by Judge Doom, tricks him into drinking [[liquor]] (which Roger is allergic to) by using reverse psychology. It is done in the same manner as the ''Looney Tunes'' example above, and it's most likely a reference.
In the 1992 [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Disney film]] ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', the titular character, upon freeing the Genie from the lamp, uses reverse psychology to trick the Genie into freeing him from the Cave of Wonders, without using one of his three wishes to do so.
A popular example of reverse psychology in media is the release of [[Queen (band)|Queen]]'s hit song "[[Bohemian Rhapsody]]". Upon release, the band was told the song was too long to ever be played on the radio, running at 5 minutes and 55 seconds. To overcome this, the band gave the song to [[Kenny Everett]] of [[Capital Radio]] and made him promise not to play it. Everett in fact did play the song, and the band's plan worked, with the song becoming number one on the UK singles chart for nine weeks.<ref>{{Citation |title=Bohemian Rhapsody |date=2022-02-26 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Bohemian_Rhapsody&oldid=1074070485 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref> {{circular reference|date=August 2022}}
==See also==
{{portal|Psychology}}
* [[Devil's advocate]]
* [[Double bind]]
* [[Streisand effect]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Gerald R. Weeks, ''Promoting Change through Paradoxical Therapy'' (1991)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reverse Psychology}}
[[Category:Sociological theories]]
[[Category:Popular psychology]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | 'Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew and just remember kids meow can mean anything and everything. And saying meow is the best way to make friends and Tottaly won’t get you called a furry but who cares if that happens be you!
==Among adolescents ==
[[Susan Fowler]] writes, "Beware that such strategies [of reverse psychology] can backfire. Children can sense manipulation a mile away." She instead recommends leading by example.<ref>{{cite book|author=Susan Fowler|title=Why Motivating People Doesn't Work . . . and What Does: The New Science of Leading, Energizing, and Engaging|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UmSEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32|date=30 September 2014|publisher=Berrett-Koehler Publishers|isbn=978-1-62656-184-7|page=32}}</ref>
Reverse psychology is often used on [[children]] due to their high tendency to respond with [[Reactance (psychology)|reactance]], a desire to restore threatened freedom of action. Questions have, however been raised about such an approach when it is more than merely instrumental, in the sense that "reverse psychology implies a clever manipulation of the misbehaving child".<ref>R. J. Delaney/K. R Kunstal, ''Troubled Transplants'' (2000) p. 81</ref>
The psychology professor [[John Gottman]] advises against using reverse psychology on teens on the presumption that they will rebel, stating that "such strategies are confusing, manipulative, dishonest, and they rarely work."<ref>John Gottman, ''The Heart of Parenting'' (London 1997) p. 21, p. 179 and p. 212</ref> A typical example of using reverse psychology among adolescents is a parent openly disapproving of their child's romantic relationship, with the objective being to encourage the pursuit of the opposite behavior.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=MacDonald |first1=Geoff |last2=Nail |first2=Paul R. |last3=Harper |first3=Jesse R. |date=2011-01-01 |title=Do people use reverse psychology? An exploration of strategic self-anticonformity |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |journal=Social Influence |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |s2cid=11218199 |issn=1553-4510}}</ref>
This psychological approach has proven to be particularly effective with adolescents as many of these are prone to rebellious tendencies and will frequently behave in a manner antithetical to the advice of well-meaning authority figures.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=MacDonald |first1=Geoff |last2=Nail |first2=Paul R. |last3=Harper |first3=Jesse R. |date=2011-01-01 |title=Do people use reverse psychology? An exploration of strategic self-anticonformity |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |journal=Social Influence |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |s2cid=11218199 |issn=1553-4510}}</ref>
== Psychological reactance theory ==
Reverse psychology can fall under many different psychological influence techniques. Reverse psychology is sometimes referred to as [[Reactance (psychology)|psychological reactance]], the aroused state that occurs when freedom is threatened or eliminated. The higher stake or more freedoms that are threatened, the more arousal that can be expected. People prefer to be free to select what they like. When that freedom is taken away, they are motivated to restore it.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rosenberg |first1=Benjamin D. |last2=Siegel |first2=Jason T. |date=December 2018 |title=A 50-year review of psychological reactance theory: Do not read this article. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000091 |journal=Motivation Science |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=281–300 |doi=10.1037/mot0000091 |s2cid=149259088 |issn=2333-8121}}</ref> Psychological reactance can be better explained as the idea that an item will be wanted more if people are told they cannot have it,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-13 |title=Reactance - IResearchNet |url=http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/social-influence/reactance/ |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=Psychology |language=en-US}}</ref> which can relate to reverse psychology on some levels. Another influence technique that relates to reverse psychology is strategic self-anticonformity. Strategic self-anticonformity is when a person advocates a position opposite of their true thought while hiding the fact that they are using a persuasion tactic. A typical example of such is marketing techniques or tricks such as "''do not click this link''" or "''do not push this button''." Strategic self-anticonformity and psychological reactance relate to their expected negativity or disagreeableness from their influence target.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hajjat |first=Fatima |date=2016 |editor-last=Obal |editor-first=Michael W. |editor2-last=Krey |editor2-first=Nina |editor3-last=Bushardt |editor3-first=Christian |title=Is There Such a Thing as Reverse Psychology? |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-11815-4_218 |journal=Let's Get Engaged! Crossing the Threshold of Marketing's Engagement Era |series=Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science |language=en |location=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |pages=721–722 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-11815-4_218 |isbn=978-3-319-11815-4}}</ref>
==In psychotherapy==
Closely associated with reverse psychology in [[psychotherapy]] is the technique of "the ''Paradoxical intervention''....This technique has also been called 'prescribing the symptom' and 'antisuggestion{{Single double}}.<ref>Gerald Corey, ''Theory and Practice of Counselling and Psychotherapy'' (1991) p. 155</ref> The therapist frames their message so that [[Psychological resistance|resistance]] to it promotes change.<ref>R. F. Baumeister/B. J. Bushman, ''Social Psychology and Human Nature'' <2007) p. 467</ref>
Such interventions "can have a similar impact as humour in helping clients cast their problems in a new light....By going ''with'', not against, the client's resistance, the therapist makes the behaviour less attractive".<ref>Corey, p. 385 and p. 155</ref> This is referred to as reframing. This means pretending to agree with clients' thoughts and beliefs; reaffirming them out loud to make them realize their fallibility.<ref>[https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/evolution-the-self/201302/when-all-else-failstry-reverse-psychology?amp When All Else Fails, Try Reverse Psychology!]. Psychology Today. Retrieved on 2018-09-30.</ref>
== In relationships ==
In personal interpersonal relationships, reverse psychology can be implemented from two perspectives. On the one hand, it can be used as a manipulative "persuasion tactic" in a negative fashion. Alternatively, it can also be used as a helpful method to benefit relationships.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=MacDonald |first1=Geoff |last2=Nail |first2=Paul R. |last3=Harper |first3=Jesse R. |date=2011-01-01 |title=Do people use reverse psychology? An exploration of strategic self-anticonformity |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |journal=Social Influence |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1080/15534510.2010.517282 |s2cid=11218199 |issn=1553-4510}}</ref>
== Marketing and decision-making ==
[[Psychology]] is another word to refer to "perception, analyzing and focusing on other people's decisions." Throughout history, this has been utilized in many ways. A common one would be games. In certain card games, the idea is to make the person focus on the REVERSE of what they think they are paying attention to.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pailhès |first1=Alice |last2=Kuhn |first2=Gustav |date=2020-06-17 |title=The apparent action causation: Using a magician forcing technique to investigate our illusory sense of agency over the outcome of our choices |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820932916 |journal=Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1784–1795 |doi=10.1177/1747021820932916 |pmid=32478591 |pmc=7583451 |issn=1747-0218}}</ref>
Modern marketing and advertising strategies use similar techniques. Although these studies have not been consistently shown in laboratory settings, and the results are often inconclusive, reverse psychology is often considered a controversial topic, and results from experiments are not always consistent. Nevertheless, it has still profoundly impacted the study of perception in psychology and behavior.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pailhès |first1=Alice |last2=Kuhn |first2=Gustav |date=2020-06-17 |title=The apparent action causation: Using a magician forcing technique to investigate our illusory sense of agency over the outcome of our choices |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820932916 |journal=Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology |volume=73 |issue=11 |pages=1784–1795 |doi=10.1177/1747021820932916 |pmid=32478591 |pmc=7583451 |issn=1747-0218}}</ref>
==Paradoxical marketing==
{{Main|Secret brand}}
"In a world where it is expected that all things should be available ... less availability has emerged as a new selling point: by engaging in such a restricted anti-marketing ploy, the brand has won kudos."<ref>Indrajit Sinha/Thomas Foscht, ''Reverse Psychology Marketing'' (2007) p. 156</ref> The result can be "what the Japanese call a [[secret brand]] ... no regular retail outlets, no catalog, no web presence apart from a few cryptic mentions ... people like it because it's almost impossible to find".<ref>William Gibson, ''Zero History'' (London 2010) p. 45-6 and p 72</ref> Such an example of a brand is [[Cayce Pollard]]'s "The Gabriel Hounds".<ref name="Henthorne2011">{{cite book|author=Tom Henthorne|title=William Gibson: A Literary Companion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDrfRE6PspwC&pg=PA137|date=13 June 2011|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-8693-9|page=137}}</ref>
==Adorno and Horkheimer==
[[Theodor Adorno]] and [[Max Horkheimer]] characterized the effect of the [[culture industry]] as "psychoanalysis in reverse". Their analysis began with the [[dialectic]] which operated in Germany when heirs of the Romantic movement became seekers of "Strength through Joy", only to have their movement co-opted by a combination of the [[mass media]] and [[National Socialism]]. A modern example begins with the "fitness and jogging" boom in the United States in the 1970s. The "running craze" at the Boston Marathon and in California, dialectically, was the thesis that one did not have to be "Rocky" in a sweaty gym to be physically fit, and that body acceptance was the key to effective aerobic training. The culture industry responded to the thesis with major advertising campaigns from Calvin Klein and others, using images featuring exceptionally toned models. People compared themselves to these models, which created a sense of competition, and many high school students avoid jogging because of the resultant body shame.
The [[culture industry]] mass-produces standardized material. This would not be dangerous if the material was meaningless, but it frequently offers and reinforces ideals and norms representing implied criticism of those who fail to match up. Empirical studies show that [[mass culture]] products can lower confidence and self-esteem, and cause humiliation among men and women whose particular characteristics fall outside the normalized range for appearance, behaviour, religion, ethnicity, etc. Similarly, advertising frequently seeks to create a need to buy by showing differences between ''actual'' and ''ideal'' situations. The intention is usually to induce dissatisfaction with the present situation and to induce expectations of satisfaction through the acquisition of products that will transform the actual reality into the idealized reality. Hence, if the peer group buys, all those who cannot afford the products will feel additional unhappiness and frustration until they eventually join the group. Thus, sometimes the process of advocacy for one outcome intends to produce the opposite outcome as the motivation for purchase.
However, more often than not, the cause and effect are unintended. Marxist logic applied to the culture industry indicates that it is, ''per se'', a dialectic in which declining profit margins and increasing costs make investors anxious for "sure things". Repeating winning formulas and stereotyping create the lowest common denominator products with the lowest costs. But the less creative the input, the more likely it becomes that roles will be cast in ways that match, rather than challenge, common prejudices which can inadvertently (or quite deliberately) damage the esteem of those in the marginalized groups.<ref>Adorno, Theodor W. '' Negative Dialectics'' Continuum International Publishing Group; Reprint (1983) {{ISBN|0-8264-0132-5}} (Reference for entire section Adorno and Horkheimer)</ref><ref>Horkheimer, Max, Adorno, Theodor W. & Cumming, John the (Translator) ''Dialectic of Enlightenment'' (Reference for entire section Adorno and Horkheimer)</ref>{{page needed|date=September 2018}}
==In popular culture==
[[File:Do not press button.jpg|thumb|100px|A stereotypical joke sign, inviting the user ''not'' to press it]]
Classic examples of reverse psychology in popular culture include a [[Kill switch|large, bright red button]] with a sign next to it saying "Do not push", or a sign saying "Jump at your own risk".
There are numerous examples of reverse psychology in fiction, cinema, and [[cartoons]], including William Shakespeare's ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'' where [[Mark Antony]] uses reverse psychology to get the townspeople to cause a riot. Mark Antony pretends to side with [[Brutus]] by complimenting his deeds which have led to Caesar's murder, while actually inciting the crowd's anger.<ref>"How did Antony convince the crowd in his funeral oration to seek revenge in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare?" eNotes, 5 Dec. 2012, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-rhetorical-tactics-does-anthony-use-win-back-376363. Accessed 30 Sep. 2018</ref>
In one of [[Joel Chandler Harris]]'s [[Uncle Remus]] stories, [[Br'er Rabbit]] escaped from [[Br'er Fox]] by repeatedly pleading "Please, Br'er Fox, don't fling me in that briar patch." "The fox did so, which allowed the rabbit to escape: The Rabbit used 'reverse psychology' to outsmart the Fox."<ref>Madelyn Jablon, ''Black Metafiction'' (1999) p. 100</ref>
In [[Edgar Allan Poe]]'s ''[[The Cask of Amontillado]]'', Montresor uses reverse psychology to persuade Fortunato to enter his vaults.<ref name="Pinsker1990">{{cite book|author=Sanford Pinsker|title=Bearing the Bad News: Contemporary American Literature and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7d5JDn-NtAC&pg=PA141|year=1990|publisher=University of Iowa Press|isbn=978-1-58729-190-6|page=141}}</ref> He says that Fortunato is too tired and should get some rest and that he should find someone else to help him with his wine tasting problem. Montresor knew that Fortunato would disagree and insisted on entering the vault, leading him into his death by [[immurement]].
The Swedish fictional character [[Alfie Atkins]] uses reverse psychology in the children's book ''[[You're a Sly One, Alfie Atkins!]]'' from 1977.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hd.se/2014-10-31/sma-och-stora-aventyr-med-alfons-aberg | title=Små och stora äventyr med Alfons Åberg}}</ref> He exaggerates his own childishness in order to convince his older cousins to sit at the grown-up table.
One of the most famous examples of reverse psychology in popular culture is a gag in the ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' cartoon ''[[Rabbit Fire]]''. While Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck are arguing over whether it's Duck Season or Rabbit Season, Bugs suddenly switches sides and says "Rabbit Season", throwing Daffy off and resulting in him arguing for Duck Season, and getting himself shot.
In the 1988 film ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'', Eddie Valiant, in order to save Roger from being executed by Judge Doom, tricks him into drinking [[liquor]] (which Roger is allergic to) by using reverse psychology. It is done in the same manner as the ''Looney Tunes'' example above, and it's most likely a reference.
In the 1992 [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Disney film]] ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', the titular character, upon freeing the Genie from the lamp, uses reverse psychology to trick the Genie into freeing him from the Cave of Wonders, without using one of his three wishes to do so.
A popular example of reverse psychology in media is the release of [[Queen (band)|Queen]]'s hit song "[[Bohemian Rhapsody]]". Upon release, the band was told the song was too long to ever be played on the radio, running at 5 minutes and 55 seconds. To overcome this, the band gave the song to [[Kenny Everett]] of [[Capital Radio]] and made him promise not to play it. Everett in fact did play the song, and the band's plan worked, with the song becoming number one on the UK singles chart for nine weeks.<ref>{{Citation |title=Bohemian Rhapsody |date=2022-02-26 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Bohemian_Rhapsody&oldid=1074070485 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref> {{circular reference|date=August 2022}}
==See also==
{{portal|Psychology}}
* [[Devil's advocate]]
* [[Double bind]]
* [[Streisand effect]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Gerald R. Weeks, ''Promoting Change through Paradoxical Therapy'' (1991)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reverse Psychology}}
[[Category:Sociological theories]]
[[Category:Popular psychology]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-{{Short description|Type of persuasion technique}}
-{{Unfocused|date=July 2023}}
-'''Reverse psychology''' is a technique involving the assertion of a belief or behavior that is opposite to the one desired, with the expectation that this approach will encourage the subject of the [[persuasion]] to do what is actually desired. This technique relies on the psychological phenomenon of [[Reactance (psychology)|reactance]], in which a person has a negative emotional reaction to being persuaded, and thus chooses the option which is being advocated against.<ref>[http://changingminds.org/techniques/general/more_methods/reverse_psychology.htm Reverse Psychology]. Changingminds.org. Retrieved on 2018-09-30.</ref> This may work especially well on a person who is resistant by nature, while direct requests work best for people who are compliant.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-science-influence/201104/do-you-use-reverse-psychology-stop-right-now |title=Do You Use "Reverse Psychology"? Stop Right Now! |publisher=Psychology Today |access-date=2018-09-22}}</ref> The one being [[Psychological manipulation|manipulated]] is usually unaware of what is really going on.<ref name="MalyugaOrlova2017">{{cite book|author1=Elena N. Malyuga|author2=Svetlana N. Orlova|title=Linguistic Pragmatics of Intercultural Professional and Business Communication|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zq4-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71|date=14 November 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-68744-5|page=71}}</ref>
+Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew and just remember kids meow can mean anything and everything. And saying meow is the best way to make friends and Tottaly won’t get you called a furry but who cares if that happens be you!
==Among adolescents ==
' |
New page size (new_size) | 17611 |
Old page size (old_size) | 18714 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | -1103 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => 'Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew and just remember kids meow can mean anything and everything. And saying meow is the best way to make friends and Tottaly won’t get you called a furry but who cares if that happens be you!'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{Short description|Type of persuasion technique}}',
1 => '{{Unfocused|date=July 2023}}',
2 => ''''Reverse psychology''' is a technique involving the assertion of a belief or behavior that is opposite to the one desired, with the expectation that this approach will encourage the subject of the [[persuasion]] to do what is actually desired. This technique relies on the psychological phenomenon of [[Reactance (psychology)|reactance]], in which a person has a negative emotional reaction to being persuaded, and thus chooses the option which is being advocated against.<ref>[http://changingminds.org/techniques/general/more_methods/reverse_psychology.htm Reverse Psychology]. Changingminds.org. Retrieved on 2018-09-30.</ref> This may work especially well on a person who is resistant by nature, while direct requests work best for people who are compliant.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-science-influence/201104/do-you-use-reverse-psychology-stop-right-now |title=Do You Use "Reverse Psychology"? Stop Right Now! |publisher=Psychology Today |access-date=2018-09-22}}</ref> The one being [[Psychological manipulation|manipulated]] is usually unaware of what is really going on.<ref name="MalyugaOrlova2017">{{cite book|author1=Elena N. Malyuga|author2=Svetlana N. Orlova|title=Linguistic Pragmatics of Intercultural Professional and Business Communication|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zq4-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71|date=14 November 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-68744-5|page=71}}</ref>'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [
0 => 'http://changingminds.org/techniques/general/more_methods/reverse_psychology.htm',
1 => 'https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-science-influence/201104/do-you-use-reverse-psychology-stop-right-now',
2 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=Zq4-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71'
] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
0 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=UmSEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32',
1 => 'https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2010.517282',
2 => 'https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15534510.2010.517282',
3 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1553-4510',
4 => 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11218199',
5 => 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000091',
6 => 'https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fmot0000091',
7 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2333-8121',
8 => 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149259088',
9 => 'http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/social-influence/reactance/',
10 => 'https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-11815-4_218',
11 => 'https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-11815-4_218',
12 => 'https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/evolution-the-self/201302/when-all-else-failstry-reverse-psychology?amp',
13 => 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820932916',
14 => 'https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1747021820932916',
15 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1747-0218',
16 => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7583451',
17 => 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32478591',
18 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=qDrfRE6PspwC&pg=PA137',
19 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=m7d5JDn-NtAC&pg=PA141',
20 => 'https://www.hd.se/2014-10-31/sma-och-stora-aventyr-med-alfons-aberg',
21 => 'https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-rhetorical-tactics-does-anthony-use-win-back-376363'
] |
Links in the page, before the edit (old_links) | [
0 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=qDrfRE6PspwC&pg=PA137',
1 => 'https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/evolution-the-self/201302/when-all-else-failstry-reverse-psychology?amp',
2 => 'http://changingminds.org/techniques/general/more_methods/reverse_psychology.htm',
3 => 'https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-science-influence/201104/do-you-use-reverse-psychology-stop-right-now',
4 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=Zq4-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71',
5 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=m7d5JDn-NtAC&pg=PA141',
6 => 'https://www.hd.se/2014-10-31/sma-och-stora-aventyr-med-alfons-aberg',
7 => 'https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-rhetorical-tactics-does-anthony-use-win-back-376363',
8 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=UmSEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32',
9 => 'http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/social-influence/reactance/',
10 => 'https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-11815-4_218',
11 => 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000091',
12 => 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149259088',
13 => 'https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2010.517282',
14 => 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820932916',
15 => 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11218199',
16 => 'https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15534510.2010.517282',
17 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1553-4510',
18 => 'https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fmot0000091',
19 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2333-8121',
20 => 'https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-11815-4_218',
21 => 'https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1747021820932916',
22 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1747-0218',
23 => 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7583451',
24 => 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32478591'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew Meow Meow Meow Meowwwew Meow Meowowowowowowwow meowew and just remember kids meow can mean anything and everything. And saying meow is the best way to make friends and Tottaly won’t get you called a furry but who cares if that happens be you!
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Among_adolescents"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Among adolescents</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Psychological_reactance_theory"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Psychological reactance theory</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#In_psychotherapy"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">In psychotherapy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#In_relationships"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">In relationships</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Marketing_and_decision-making"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Marketing and decision-making</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Paradoxical_marketing"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Paradoxical marketing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Adorno_and_Horkheimer"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Adorno and Horkheimer</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#In_popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">In popular culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Among_adolescents">Among adolescents</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reverse_psychology&action=edit&section=1"title="Edit section: Among adolescents"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h2>
<p><a href="/info/en/?search=Susan_Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan Fowler">Susan Fowler</a> writes, "Beware that such strategies [of reverse psychology] can backfire. Children can sense manipulation a mile away." She instead recommends leading by example.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>Reverse psychology is often used on <a href="/info/en/?search=Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Children">children</a> due to their high tendency to respond with <a href="/info/en/?search=Reactance_(psychology)" title="Reactance (psychology)">reactance</a>, a desire to restore threatened freedom of action. Questions have, however been raised about such an approach when it is more than merely instrumental, in the sense that "reverse psychology implies a clever manipulation of the misbehaving child".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p><p>The psychology professor <a href="/info/en/?search=John_Gottman" title="John Gottman">John Gottman</a> advises against using reverse psychology on teens on the presumption that they will rebel, stating that "such strategies are confusing, manipulative, dishonest, and they rarely work."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> A typical example of using reverse psychology among adolescents is a parent openly disapproving of their child's romantic relationship, with the objective being to encourage the pursuit of the opposite behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>This psychological approach has proven to be particularly effective with adolescents as many of these are prone to rebellious tendencies and will frequently behave in a manner antithetical to the advice of well-meaning authority figures.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Psychological_reactance_theory">Psychological reactance theory</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reverse_psychology&action=edit&section=2"title="Edit section: Psychological reactance theory"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h2>
<p>Reverse psychology can fall under many different psychological influence techniques. Reverse psychology is sometimes referred to as <a href="/info/en/?search=Reactance_(psychology)" title="Reactance (psychology)">psychological reactance</a>, the aroused state that occurs when freedom is threatened or eliminated. The higher stake or more freedoms that are threatened, the more arousal that can be expected. People prefer to be free to select what they like. When that freedom is taken away, they are motivated to restore it.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> Psychological reactance can be better explained as the idea that an item will be wanted more if people are told they cannot have it,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> which can relate to reverse psychology on some levels. Another influence technique that relates to reverse psychology is strategic self-anticonformity. Strategic self-anticonformity is when a person advocates a position opposite of their true thought while hiding the fact that they are using a persuasion tactic. A typical example of such is marketing techniques or tricks such as "<i>do not click this link</i>" or "<i>do not push this button</i>." Strategic self-anticonformity and psychological reactance relate to their expected negativity or disagreeableness from their influence target.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_psychotherapy">In psychotherapy</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reverse_psychology&action=edit&section=3"title="Edit section: In psychotherapy"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h2>
<p>Closely associated with reverse psychology in <a href="/info/en/?search=Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">psychotherapy</a> is the technique of "the <i>Paradoxical intervention</i>....This technique has also been called 'prescribing the symptom' and 'antisuggestion<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> The therapist frames their message so that <a href="/info/en/?search=Psychological_resistance" title="Psychological resistance">resistance</a> to it promotes change.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>Such interventions "can have a similar impact as humour in helping clients cast their problems in a new light....By going <i>with</i>, not against, the client's resistance, the therapist makes the behaviour less attractive".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> This is referred to as reframing. This means pretending to agree with clients' thoughts and beliefs; reaffirming them out loud to make them realize their fallibility.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_relationships">In relationships</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reverse_psychology&action=edit&section=4"title="Edit section: In relationships"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h2>
<p>In personal interpersonal relationships, reverse psychology can be implemented from two perspectives. On the one hand, it can be used as a manipulative "persuasion tactic" in a negative fashion. Alternatively, it can also be used as a helpful method to benefit relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Marketing_and_decision-making">Marketing and decision-making</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reverse_psychology&action=edit&section=5"title="Edit section: Marketing and decision-making"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h2>
<p><a href="/info/en/?search=Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a> is another word to refer to "perception, analyzing and focusing on other people's decisions." Throughout history, this has been utilized in many ways. A common one would be games. In certain card games, the idea is to make the person focus on the REVERSE of what they think they are paying attention to.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup>
</p><p>Modern marketing and advertising strategies use similar techniques. Although these studies have not been consistently shown in laboratory settings, and the results are often inconclusive, reverse psychology is often considered a controversial topic, and results from experiments are not always consistent. Nevertheless, it has still profoundly impacted the study of perception in psychology and behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Paradoxical_marketing">Paradoxical marketing</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reverse_psychology&action=edit&section=6"title="Edit section: Paradoxical marketing"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/info/en/?search=Secret_brand" title="Secret brand">Secret brand</a></div>
<p>"In a world where it is expected that all things should be available ... less availability has emerged as a new selling point: by engaging in such a restricted anti-marketing ploy, the brand has won kudos."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> The result can be "what the Japanese call a <a href="/info/en/?search=Secret_brand" title="Secret brand">secret brand</a> ... no regular retail outlets, no catalog, no web presence apart from a few cryptic mentions ... people like it because it's almost impossible to find".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> Such an example of a brand is <a href="/info/en/?search=Cayce_Pollard" title="Cayce Pollard">Cayce Pollard</a>'s "The Gabriel Hounds".<sup id="cite_ref-Henthorne2011_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henthorne2011-18">[18]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Adorno_and_Horkheimer">Adorno and Horkheimer</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reverse_psychology&action=edit&section=7"title="Edit section: Adorno and Horkheimer"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h2>
<p><a href="/info/en/?search=Theodor_Adorno" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor Adorno">Theodor Adorno</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=Max_Horkheimer" title="Max Horkheimer">Max Horkheimer</a> characterized the effect of the <a href="/info/en/?search=Culture_industry" title="Culture industry">culture industry</a> as "psychoanalysis in reverse". Their analysis began with the <a href="/info/en/?search=Dialectic" title="Dialectic">dialectic</a> which operated in Germany when heirs of the Romantic movement became seekers of "Strength through Joy", only to have their movement co-opted by a combination of the <a href="/info/en/?search=Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass media</a> and <a href="/info/en/?search=National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">National Socialism</a>. A modern example begins with the "fitness and jogging" boom in the United States in the 1970s. The "running craze" at the Boston Marathon and in California, dialectically, was the thesis that one did not have to be "Rocky" in a sweaty gym to be physically fit, and that body acceptance was the key to effective aerobic training. The culture industry responded to the thesis with major advertising campaigns from Calvin Klein and others, using images featuring exceptionally toned models. People compared themselves to these models, which created a sense of competition, and many high school students avoid jogging because of the resultant body shame.
</p><p>The <a href="/info/en/?search=Culture_industry" title="Culture industry">culture industry</a> mass-produces standardized material. This would not be dangerous if the material was meaningless, but it frequently offers and reinforces ideals and norms representing implied criticism of those who fail to match up. Empirical studies show that <a href="/info/en/?search=Mass_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass culture">mass culture</a> products can lower confidence and self-esteem, and cause humiliation among men and women whose particular characteristics fall outside the normalized range for appearance, behaviour, religion, ethnicity, etc. Similarly, advertising frequently seeks to create a need to buy by showing differences between <i>actual</i> and <i>ideal</i> situations. The intention is usually to induce dissatisfaction with the present situation and to induce expectations of satisfaction through the acquisition of products that will transform the actual reality into the idealized reality. Hence, if the peer group buys, all those who cannot afford the products will feel additional unhappiness and frustration until they eventually join the group. Thus, sometimes the process of advocacy for one outcome intends to produce the opposite outcome as the motivation for purchase.
</p><p>However, more often than not, the cause and effect are unintended. Marxist logic applied to the culture industry indicates that it is, <i>per se</i>, a dialectic in which declining profit margins and increasing costs make investors anxious for "sure things". Repeating winning formulas and stereotyping create the lowest common denominator products with the lowest costs. But the less creative the input, the more likely it becomes that roles will be cast in ways that match, rather than challenge, common prejudices which can inadvertently (or quite deliberately) damage the esteem of those in the marginalized groups.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reverse_psychology&action=edit&section=8"title="Edit section: In popular culture"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h2>
<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/info/en/?search=File:Do_not_press_button.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Do_not_press_button.jpg/100px-Do_not_press_button.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Do_not_press_button.jpg/150px-Do_not_press_button.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Do_not_press_button.jpg 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>A stereotypical joke sign, inviting the user <i>not</i> to press it</figcaption></figure>
<p>Classic examples of reverse psychology in popular culture include a <a href="/info/en/?search=Kill_switch" title="Kill switch">large, bright red button</a> with a sign next to it saying "Do not push", or a sign saying "Jump at your own risk".
</p><p>There are numerous examples of reverse psychology in fiction, cinema, and <a href="/info/en/?search=Cartoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartoons">cartoons</a>, including William Shakespeare's <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a></i> where <a href="/info/en/?search=Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> uses reverse psychology to get the townspeople to cause a riot. Mark Antony pretends to side with <a href="/info/en/?search=Brutus" class="mw-redirect" title="Brutus">Brutus</a> by complimenting his deeds which have led to Caesar's murder, while actually inciting the crowd's anger.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup>
</p><p>In one of <a href="/info/en/?search=Joel_Chandler_Harris" title="Joel Chandler Harris">Joel Chandler Harris</a>'s <a href="/info/en/?search=Uncle_Remus" title="Uncle Remus">Uncle Remus</a> stories, <a href="/info/en/?search=Br%27er_Rabbit" title="Br'er Rabbit">Br'er Rabbit</a> escaped from <a href="/info/en/?search=Br%27er_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Br'er Fox">Br'er Fox</a> by repeatedly pleading "Please, Br'er Fox, don't fling me in that briar patch." "The fox did so, which allowed the rabbit to escape: The Rabbit used 'reverse psychology' to outsmart the Fox."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p><p>In <a href="/info/en/?search=Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>'s <i><a href="/info/en/?search=The_Cask_of_Amontillado" title="The Cask of Amontillado">The Cask of Amontillado</a></i>, Montresor uses reverse psychology to persuade Fortunato to enter his vaults.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinsker1990_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinsker1990-23">[23]</a></sup> He says that Fortunato is too tired and should get some rest and that he should find someone else to help him with his wine tasting problem. Montresor knew that Fortunato would disagree and insisted on entering the vault, leading him into his death by <a href="/info/en/?search=Immurement" title="Immurement">immurement</a>.
</p><p>The Swedish fictional character <a href="/info/en/?search=Alfie_Atkins" title="Alfie Atkins">Alfie Atkins</a> uses reverse psychology in the children's book <i><a href="/info/en/?search=You%27re_a_Sly_One,_Alfie_Atkins!" title="You're a Sly One, Alfie Atkins!">You're a Sly One, Alfie Atkins!</a></i> from 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> He exaggerates his own childishness in order to convince his older cousins to sit at the grown-up table.
</p><p>One of the most famous examples of reverse psychology in popular culture is a gag in the <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Looney_Tunes" title="Looney Tunes">Looney Tunes</a></i> cartoon <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Rabbit_Fire" title="Rabbit Fire">Rabbit Fire</a></i>. While Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck are arguing over whether it's Duck Season or Rabbit Season, Bugs suddenly switches sides and says "Rabbit Season", throwing Daffy off and resulting in him arguing for Duck Season, and getting himself shot.
</p><p>In the 1988 film <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i>, Eddie Valiant, in order to save Roger from being executed by Judge Doom, tricks him into drinking <a href="/info/en/?search=Liquor" title="Liquor">liquor</a> (which Roger is allergic to) by using reverse psychology. It is done in the same manner as the <i>Looney Tunes</i> example above, and it's most likely a reference.
</p><p>In the 1992 <a href="/info/en/?search=Walt_Disney_Studios_(division)" title="Walt Disney Studios (division)">Disney film</a> <i><a href="/info/en/?search=Aladdin_(1992_Disney_film)" title="Aladdin (1992 Disney film)">Aladdin</a></i>, the titular character, upon freeing the Genie from the lamp, uses reverse psychology to trick the Genie into freeing him from the Cave of Wonders, without using one of his three wishes to do so.
</p><p>A popular example of reverse psychology in media is the release of <a href="/info/en/?search=Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a>'s hit song "<a href="/info/en/?search=Bohemian_Rhapsody" title="Bohemian Rhapsody">Bohemian Rhapsody</a>". Upon release, the band was told the song was too long to ever be played on the radio, running at 5 minutes and 55 seconds. To overcome this, the band gave the song to <a href="/info/en/?search=Kenny_Everett" title="Kenny Everett">Kenny Everett</a> of <a href="/info/en/?search=Capital_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital Radio">Capital Radio</a> and made him promise not to play it. Everett in fact did play the song, and the band's plan worked, with the song becoming number one on the UK singles chart for nine weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/info/en/?search=Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (August 2022)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reverse_psychology&action=edit&section=9"title="Edit section: See also"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214689105">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .portalbox{background:transparent}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .pane{background:transparent}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright">
<li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/28px-Psi2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/42px-Psi2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/56px-Psi2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/info/en/?search=Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Psychology portal</a></span></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/info/en/?search=Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Devil's advocate</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Double_bind" title="Double bind">Double bind</a></li>
<li><a href="/info/en/?search=Streisand_effect" title="Streisand effect">Streisand effect</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reverse_psychology&action=edit&section=10"title="Edit section: References"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217336898">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Fowler2014" class="citation book cs1">Susan Fowler (30 September 2014). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UmSEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32"><i>Why Motivating People Doesn't Work . . . and What Does: The New Science of Leading, Energizing, and Engaging</i></a>. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. p. 32. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/info/en/?search=Special:BookSources/978-1-62656-184-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62656-184-7"><bdi>978-1-62656-184-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Motivating+People+Doesn%27t+Work+.+.+.+and+What+Does%3A+The+New+Science+of+Leading%2C+Energizing%2C+and+Engaging&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Berrett-Koehler+Publishers&rft.date=2014-09-30&rft.isbn=978-1-62656-184-7&rft.au=Susan+Fowler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUmSEAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. J. Delaney/K. R Kunstal, <i>Troubled Transplants</i> (2000) p. 81</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Gottman, <i>The Heart of Parenting</i> (London 1997) p. 21, p. 179 and p. 212</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonaldNailHarper2011" class="citation journal cs1">MacDonald, Geoff; Nail, Paul R.; Harper, Jesse R. (2011-01-01). <a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2010.517282">"Do people use reverse psychology? An exploration of strategic self-anticonformity"</a>. <i>Social Influence</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 1–14. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15534510.2010.517282">10.1080/15534510.2010.517282</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1553-4510">1553-4510</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11218199">11218199</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Influence&rft.atitle=Do+people+use+reverse+psychology%3F+An+exploration+of+strategic+self-anticonformity&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-14&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11218199%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1553-4510&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15534510.2010.517282&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft.au=Nail%2C+Paul+R.&rft.au=Harper%2C+Jesse+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F15534510.2010.517282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonaldNailHarper2011" class="citation journal cs1">MacDonald, Geoff; Nail, Paul R.; Harper, Jesse R. (2011-01-01). <a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2010.517282">"Do people use reverse psychology? An exploration of strategic self-anticonformity"</a>. <i>Social Influence</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 1–14. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15534510.2010.517282">10.1080/15534510.2010.517282</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1553-4510">1553-4510</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11218199">11218199</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Influence&rft.atitle=Do+people+use+reverse+psychology%3F+An+exploration+of+strategic+self-anticonformity&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-14&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11218199%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1553-4510&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15534510.2010.517282&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft.au=Nail%2C+Paul+R.&rft.au=Harper%2C+Jesse+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F15534510.2010.517282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbergSiegel2018" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenberg, Benjamin D.; Siegel, Jason T. (December 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000091">"A 50-year review of psychological reactance theory: Do not read this article"</a>. <i>Motivation Science</i>. <b>4</b> (4): 281–300. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fmot0000091">10.1037/mot0000091</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2333-8121">2333-8121</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149259088">149259088</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Motivation+Science&rft.atitle=A+50-year+review+of+psychological+reactance+theory%3A+Do+not+read+this+article.&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=281-300&rft.date=2018-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149259088%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2333-8121&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fmot0000091&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+D.&rft.au=Siegel%2C+Jason+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1037%2Fmot0000091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/social-influence/reactance/">"Reactance - IResearchNet"</a>. <i>Psychology</i>. 2016-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psychology&rft.atitle=Reactance+-+IResearchNet&rft.date=2016-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpsychology.iresearchnet.com%2Fsocial-psychology%2Fsocial-influence%2Freactance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHajjat2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hajjat, Fatima (2016). Obal, Michael W.; Krey, Nina; Bushardt, Christian (eds.). <a class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-11815-4_218">"Is There Such a Thing as Reverse Psychology?"</a>. <i>Let's Get Engaged! Crossing the Threshold of Marketing's Engagement Era</i>. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing: 721–722. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-11815-4_218">10.1007/978-3-319-11815-4_218</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/info/en/?search=Special:BookSources/978-3-319-11815-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-11815-4"><bdi>978-3-319-11815-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Let%27s+Get+Engaged%21+Crossing+the+Threshold+of+Marketing%27s+Engagement+Era&rft.atitle=Is+There+Such+a+Thing+as+Reverse+Psychology%3F&rft.pages=721-722&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-11815-4_218&rft.isbn=978-3-319-11815-4&rft.aulast=Hajjat&rft.aufirst=Fatima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-11815-4_218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerald Corey, <i>Theory and Practice of Counselling and Psychotherapy</i> (1991) p. 155</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. F. Baumeister/B. J. Bushman, <i>Social Psychology and Human Nature</i> <2007) p. 467</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Corey, p. 385 and p. 155</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/evolution-the-self/201302/when-all-else-failstry-reverse-psychology?amp">When All Else Fails, Try Reverse Psychology!</a>. Psychology Today. Retrieved on 2018-09-30.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonaldNailHarper2011" class="citation journal cs1">MacDonald, Geoff; Nail, Paul R.; Harper, Jesse R. (2011-01-01). <a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2010.517282">"Do people use reverse psychology? An exploration of strategic self-anticonformity"</a>. <i>Social Influence</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 1–14. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15534510.2010.517282">10.1080/15534510.2010.517282</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1553-4510">1553-4510</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11218199">11218199</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Influence&rft.atitle=Do+people+use+reverse+psychology%3F+An+exploration+of+strategic+self-anticonformity&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-14&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11218199%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1553-4510&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15534510.2010.517282&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft.au=Nail%2C+Paul+R.&rft.au=Harper%2C+Jesse+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F15534510.2010.517282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFPailhèsKuhn2020" class="citation journal cs1">Pailhès, Alice; Kuhn, Gustav (2020-06-17). <a class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820932916">"The apparent action causation: Using a magician forcing technique to investigate our illusory sense of agency over the outcome of our choices"</a>. <i>Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</i>. <b>73</b> (11): 1784–1795. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1747021820932916">10.1177/1747021820932916</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1747-0218">1747-0218</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7583451">7583451</a></span>. <a href="/info/en/?search=PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32478591">32478591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+apparent+action+causation%3A+Using+a+magician+forcing+technique+to+investigate+our+illusory+sense+of+agency+over+the+outcome+of+our+choices&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1784-1795&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7583451%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1747-0218&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32478591&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1747021820932916&rft.aulast=Pailh%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Gustav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1177%2F1747021820932916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFPailhèsKuhn2020" class="citation journal cs1">Pailhès, Alice; Kuhn, Gustav (2020-06-17). <a class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820932916">"The apparent action causation: Using a magician forcing technique to investigate our illusory sense of agency over the outcome of our choices"</a>. <i>Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</i>. <b>73</b> (11): 1784–1795. <a href="/info/en/?search=Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1747021820932916">10.1177/1747021820932916</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1747-0218">1747-0218</a>. <a href="/info/en/?search=PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7583451">7583451</a></span>. <a href="/info/en/?search=PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32478591">32478591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+apparent+action+causation%3A+Using+a+magician+forcing+technique+to+investigate+our+illusory+sense+of+agency+over+the+outcome+of+our+choices&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1784-1795&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7583451%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1747-0218&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32478591&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1747021820932916&rft.aulast=Pailh%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Gustav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1177%2F1747021820932916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indrajit Sinha/Thomas Foscht, <i>Reverse Psychology Marketing</i> (2007) p. 156</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Gibson, <i>Zero History</i> (London 2010) p. 45-6 and p 72</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Henthorne2011-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henthorne2011_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Henthorne2011" class="citation book cs1">Tom Henthorne (13 June 2011). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qDrfRE6PspwC&pg=PA137"><i>William Gibson: A Literary Companion</i></a>. McFarland. p. 137. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/info/en/?search=Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8693-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8693-9"><bdi>978-0-7864-8693-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Gibson%3A+A+Literary+Companion&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2011-06-13&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8693-9&rft.au=Tom+Henthorne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqDrfRE6PspwC%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adorno, Theodor W. <i> Negative Dialectics</i> Continuum International Publishing Group; Reprint (1983) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/info/en/?search=ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/info/en/?search=Special:BookSources/0-8264-0132-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-0132-5">0-8264-0132-5</a> (Reference for entire section Adorno and Horkheimer)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horkheimer, Max, Adorno, Theodor W. & Cumming, John the (Translator) <i>Dialectic of Enlightenment</i> (Reference for entire section Adorno and Horkheimer)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"How did Antony convince the crowd in his funeral oration to seek revenge in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare?" eNotes, 5 Dec. 2012, <a class="external free" href="https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-rhetorical-tactics-does-anthony-use-win-back-376363">https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-rhetorical-tactics-does-anthony-use-win-back-376363</a>. Accessed 30 Sep. 2018</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madelyn Jablon, <i>Black Metafiction</i> (1999) p. 100</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Pinsker1990-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pinsker1990_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSanford_Pinsker1990" class="citation book cs1">Sanford Pinsker (1990). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m7d5JDn-NtAC&pg=PA141"><i>Bearing the Bad News: Contemporary American Literature and Culture</i></a>. University of Iowa Press. p. 141. <a href="/info/en/?search=ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/info/en/?search=Special:BookSources/978-1-58729-190-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58729-190-6"><bdi>978-1-58729-190-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bearing+the+Bad+News%3A+Contemporary+American+Literature+and+Culture&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=University+of+Iowa+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-58729-190-6&rft.au=Sanford+Pinsker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm7d5JDn-NtAC%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.hd.se/2014-10-31/sma-och-stora-aventyr-med-alfons-aberg">"Små och stora äventyr med Alfons Åberg"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sm%C3%A5+och+stora+%C3%A4ventyr+med+Alfons+%C3%85berg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hd.se%2F2014-10-31%2Fsma-och-stora-aventyr-med-alfons-aberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation cs2"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Bohemian_Rhapsody&oldid=1074070485">"Bohemian Rhapsody"</a>, <i>Wikipedia</i>, 2022-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=Bohemian+Rhapsody&rft.date=2022-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBohemian_Rhapsody%26oldid%3D1074070485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReverse+psychology" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Reverse_psychology&action=edit&section=11"title="Edit section: Further reading"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
</a>
</span>
</h2>
<ul><li>Gerald R. Weeks, <i>Promoting Change through Paradoxical Therapy</i> (1991)</li></ul></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1713398630' |