| Spanish assault on Djerba (1520) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
Spanish Empire |
Hafsid dynasty | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Hugo of Moncada | Sheikh Said | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
10,000-13,000 13 galleys 70 ships |
10,000-12,000 men 200 cavalry | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 260 killed | 500 killed | ||||||
The Spanish assault on Djerba was a 1520 Spanish military expedition against the island of Djerba in Tunisia. Led by Hugo of Moncada, it ended with the capitulation of the island's sheikh, who became a tributary of Emperor Charles V.
Background
In 1510, during the reign of Ferdinand II of Aragon, es:García Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga had tried to take the island. His expedition was a failure and came to be known in Spanish as the Djerba disaster ("Desastre de los Gelves"). Charles V had also sent a failed expedition to Algiers in 1518, and in 1519 Hugo of Moncada was defeated at sea by corsairs. [1] The island of Djerba was nominally within the domains of Abu Abdallah Muhammad IV al-Mutawakkil of Ifriqiya but it was actually under the control of the Corsair commanders Oruç Reis and Hayreddin Barbarossa. [2] [3]
In 1519 Charles V decided to prepare an expedition to take the island and eliminate the Corsair threat. Command of the fleet was given to Don Hugo de Moncada with the title of captain general. During the summer of 1519 preparations were made in Barcelona, Valencia, Cartagena and Malaga, and after the ships met in Ibiza and Formentera, they wintered in Sicily. In mid-April 1520, the navy left for the shores of Tunisia. Moncada arrived in Djerba with 13 galleys, 70 ships and between 10,000 and 13,000 infantry. [4]
Battle
After landing the army about 18 miles from Djerba, on 28 May the march against the island began. The Spanish were attacked by the army of Sheikh Said, made up of ten or twelve thousand infantry and two hundred cavalry. Despite initial setbacks, Hugo of Moncada and the Flemish knights under his command managed to repel their enemies, who fled. The local forces had lost about 500 men in the encounter, while the Spanish lost 200 infantrymen and 60 horsemen. After resting for a time, Moncada's army resumed its advance and fortified a hamlet halfway to the castle. The sheikh began negotiations, not waiting for help from the caliph in Tunis, and soon capitulated.
Aftermath
A new Spanish fortress was immediately built, and a Spanish garrison was installed. The sheikh was not dispossessed, but became a tributary of Spain, agreeing to pay a sum of 12,000 francs per year and keep the island free of corsairs. [5]
Further reading
- Vida del caballero don Hugo de Moncada y documentos relativos a su vida, in Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de España, vol. XXIV, 1854
- La Armada Española, desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón, Cesáreo Fernández Duro, 1895
References
- ^ Vatin, Nicolas (2010–2011). "Études Ottomanes". Annuaire – EPHE, SHP – 143e année (2010–2011): 52. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ Quadir, Iqbal F. (2001). "When Barbarossa brothers ruled the Mediterranean". Defence Journal. 4 (7). Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ Alan G. Jamieson (15 February 2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. Reaktion Books. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ Gürkan, Emrah Safa (2006). "1.4. The advent of Barbarossas: 1513–1515". OTTOMAN CORSAIRS IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN AND THEIR PLACE IN THE OTTOMAN-HABSBURG RIVALRY (1505–1535) (MA). Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ Leo Africanus (3 June 2010). The History and Description of Africa: And of the Notable Things Therein Contained. Cambridge University Press. p. 764. ISBN 978-1-108-01290-4. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
| Spanish assault on Djerba (1520) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
Spanish Empire |
Hafsid dynasty | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Hugo of Moncada | Sheikh Said | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
10,000-13,000 13 galleys 70 ships |
10,000-12,000 men 200 cavalry | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 260 killed | 500 killed | ||||||
The Spanish assault on Djerba was a 1520 Spanish military expedition against the island of Djerba in Tunisia. Led by Hugo of Moncada, it ended with the capitulation of the island's sheikh, who became a tributary of Emperor Charles V.
Background
In 1510, during the reign of Ferdinand II of Aragon, es:García Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga had tried to take the island. His expedition was a failure and came to be known in Spanish as the Djerba disaster ("Desastre de los Gelves"). Charles V had also sent a failed expedition to Algiers in 1518, and in 1519 Hugo of Moncada was defeated at sea by corsairs. [1] The island of Djerba was nominally within the domains of Abu Abdallah Muhammad IV al-Mutawakkil of Ifriqiya but it was actually under the control of the Corsair commanders Oruç Reis and Hayreddin Barbarossa. [2] [3]
In 1519 Charles V decided to prepare an expedition to take the island and eliminate the Corsair threat. Command of the fleet was given to Don Hugo de Moncada with the title of captain general. During the summer of 1519 preparations were made in Barcelona, Valencia, Cartagena and Malaga, and after the ships met in Ibiza and Formentera, they wintered in Sicily. In mid-April 1520, the navy left for the shores of Tunisia. Moncada arrived in Djerba with 13 galleys, 70 ships and between 10,000 and 13,000 infantry. [4]
Battle
After landing the army about 18 miles from Djerba, on 28 May the march against the island began. The Spanish were attacked by the army of Sheikh Said, made up of ten or twelve thousand infantry and two hundred cavalry. Despite initial setbacks, Hugo of Moncada and the Flemish knights under his command managed to repel their enemies, who fled. The local forces had lost about 500 men in the encounter, while the Spanish lost 200 infantrymen and 60 horsemen. After resting for a time, Moncada's army resumed its advance and fortified a hamlet halfway to the castle. The sheikh began negotiations, not waiting for help from the caliph in Tunis, and soon capitulated.
Aftermath
A new Spanish fortress was immediately built, and a Spanish garrison was installed. The sheikh was not dispossessed, but became a tributary of Spain, agreeing to pay a sum of 12,000 francs per year and keep the island free of corsairs. [5]
Further reading
- Vida del caballero don Hugo de Moncada y documentos relativos a su vida, in Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de España, vol. XXIV, 1854
- La Armada Española, desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón, Cesáreo Fernández Duro, 1895
References
- ^ Vatin, Nicolas (2010–2011). "Études Ottomanes". Annuaire – EPHE, SHP – 143e année (2010–2011): 52. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ Quadir, Iqbal F. (2001). "When Barbarossa brothers ruled the Mediterranean". Defence Journal. 4 (7). Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ Alan G. Jamieson (15 February 2013). Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs. Reaktion Books. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ Gürkan, Emrah Safa (2006). "1.4. The advent of Barbarossas: 1513–1515". OTTOMAN CORSAIRS IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN AND THEIR PLACE IN THE OTTOMAN-HABSBURG RIVALRY (1505–1535) (MA). Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ Leo Africanus (3 June 2010). The History and Description of Africa: And of the Notable Things Therein Contained. Cambridge University Press. p. 764. ISBN 978-1-108-01290-4. Retrieved 28 February 2021.