Sooreh Hera (born 1973) [1] is an Iranian artist and photographer. "Sooreh Hera" is a pseudonym the artist chose for herself. [2] Hera's work, often featuring depictions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, have been considered expressions of free speech to some and offensive Islamophobia to others. [2] She is currently based in the Netherlands. [3]
Hera was born in Tehran. [3] She is a graduate of the Hague School of Fine Art. [4]
In December 2007, the Islamic Democratic Party "issued a statement calling for a mobilizing of forces." [5] In addition, she was called a "devil artist" with "plans against Islam." [5] These led to death threats against Hera, causing her to go into hiding. [5] She also has a fatwa issued against her. [2]
Hera describes her work as exposing hypocrisy in the teachings of Islam about issues like homosexuality. [2] She feels that it is important to talk about sexuality in order to criticize religion. [3] Hera states that "in countries like Iran or Saudi Arabia it is common for married men to maintain relations with other men." [6] She says that "I'm hoping my work will arouse discussion." [2] One of her censored works, "Adam and Ewald," was a photograph of gay men wearing masks depicting Mohammed and his son-in-law, Ali. [7] "Adam and Ewald" is part of a series called Adam & Ewald, de zevendedagsgeliefden (Adam & Ewald, Seventh-Day Lovers). [8] The title of the series references the story of Adam and Eve, and also refers to a speech from a conservative Christian Dutch politician. [9]
Some museums who have attempted to show Hera's work have been threatened by those who find her work offensive. [5] In November 2007, the Hague Gemeentemuseum removed some of the works created by Hera in order to avoid upsetting the Muslim community. [5] The censoring of her art marked "the first time that a Dutch museum, as opposed to a government body, has censored an artwork from its own walls." [5] The museum director also accused Hera of deliberately creating provocative work in order to receive press attention. [10] Despite that, the museum still considered purchasing her complete series. [11] Hera chose not to participate in the show if some of her work was censored. [12] Artists in the Netherlands supported Hera, publishing an open letter to the Dutch Minister of Culture in the NRC Handelsblad. [13] Hera's work was invited to be shown at the Municipal Museum of Gouda, though the show was postponed due to threats from the Muslim community of Gouda. [13]
- ^ Kuiper, Annelies (1 December 2007). "Respectloos!". Cultureel Supplement (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Winter, Jana (3 May 2008). "Iranian Artist Fights to Have Muhammad Art Displayed in Dutch Museums". Fox News. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ a b c "Soore". Soore (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ Golding 2014, p. 18.
- ^ a b c d e f Esman, Abigail (18 December 2007). "No Gay Gods?". ArtNet. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ Campbell, Matthew (6 January 2008). "Woman Artist Gets Death Threats Over Gay Muslim Photos". Sunday Times. Retrieved 5 May 2016 – via EBSCO.
- ^ Esman 2010, p. 190.
- ^ Meijer-van Mensch 2013, p. 48.
- ^ Meijer-van Mensch 2013, p. 48-49.
- ^ Schweighofer, Kerstin (12 December 2007). "Streit um Homo-Mohammed". Art Das Kunstmagazin (in German). Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ "Hague Museum Pulls Offensive Muslim Art". The Age. 3 December 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ Esman 2010, p. 236.
- ^ a b Meijer-van Mensch 2013, p. 50.
- Esman, Abigail R. (2010). Radical State: How Jihad is Winning Over Democracy in the West. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. ISBN 9780313348471.
- Golding, Viv (2014). "Museums and Truths: The Elephant in the Room". In Fromm, Annette B.; Golding, Viv; Rekdal, Per B. (eds.). Museums and Truths. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 9781443854498.
- Meijer-van Mensch, Leontine (2013). "New Challenges, New Priorities: Analyzing Ethical Dilemmas From a Stakeholder's Perspective in the Netherlands". In Marstine, Janet; Bauer, Alexander A.; Haines, Chelsea (eds.). New Directions in Museum Ethics. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415522878.
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Sooreh Hera (born 1973) [1] is an Iranian artist and photographer. "Sooreh Hera" is a pseudonym the artist chose for herself. [2] Hera's work, often featuring depictions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, have been considered expressions of free speech to some and offensive Islamophobia to others. [2] She is currently based in the Netherlands. [3]
Hera was born in Tehran. [3] She is a graduate of the Hague School of Fine Art. [4]
In December 2007, the Islamic Democratic Party "issued a statement calling for a mobilizing of forces." [5] In addition, she was called a "devil artist" with "plans against Islam." [5] These led to death threats against Hera, causing her to go into hiding. [5] She also has a fatwa issued against her. [2]
Hera describes her work as exposing hypocrisy in the teachings of Islam about issues like homosexuality. [2] She feels that it is important to talk about sexuality in order to criticize religion. [3] Hera states that "in countries like Iran or Saudi Arabia it is common for married men to maintain relations with other men." [6] She says that "I'm hoping my work will arouse discussion." [2] One of her censored works, "Adam and Ewald," was a photograph of gay men wearing masks depicting Mohammed and his son-in-law, Ali. [7] "Adam and Ewald" is part of a series called Adam & Ewald, de zevendedagsgeliefden (Adam & Ewald, Seventh-Day Lovers). [8] The title of the series references the story of Adam and Eve, and also refers to a speech from a conservative Christian Dutch politician. [9]
Some museums who have attempted to show Hera's work have been threatened by those who find her work offensive. [5] In November 2007, the Hague Gemeentemuseum removed some of the works created by Hera in order to avoid upsetting the Muslim community. [5] The censoring of her art marked "the first time that a Dutch museum, as opposed to a government body, has censored an artwork from its own walls." [5] The museum director also accused Hera of deliberately creating provocative work in order to receive press attention. [10] Despite that, the museum still considered purchasing her complete series. [11] Hera chose not to participate in the show if some of her work was censored. [12] Artists in the Netherlands supported Hera, publishing an open letter to the Dutch Minister of Culture in the NRC Handelsblad. [13] Hera's work was invited to be shown at the Municipal Museum of Gouda, though the show was postponed due to threats from the Muslim community of Gouda. [13]
- ^ Kuiper, Annelies (1 December 2007). "Respectloos!". Cultureel Supplement (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Winter, Jana (3 May 2008). "Iranian Artist Fights to Have Muhammad Art Displayed in Dutch Museums". Fox News. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ a b c "Soore". Soore (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ Golding 2014, p. 18.
- ^ a b c d e f Esman, Abigail (18 December 2007). "No Gay Gods?". ArtNet. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ Campbell, Matthew (6 January 2008). "Woman Artist Gets Death Threats Over Gay Muslim Photos". Sunday Times. Retrieved 5 May 2016 – via EBSCO.
- ^ Esman 2010, p. 190.
- ^ Meijer-van Mensch 2013, p. 48.
- ^ Meijer-van Mensch 2013, p. 48-49.
- ^ Schweighofer, Kerstin (12 December 2007). "Streit um Homo-Mohammed". Art Das Kunstmagazin (in German). Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ "Hague Museum Pulls Offensive Muslim Art". The Age. 3 December 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
- ^ Esman 2010, p. 236.
- ^ a b Meijer-van Mensch 2013, p. 50.
- Esman, Abigail R. (2010). Radical State: How Jihad is Winning Over Democracy in the West. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. ISBN 9780313348471.
- Golding, Viv (2014). "Museums and Truths: The Elephant in the Room". In Fromm, Annette B.; Golding, Viv; Rekdal, Per B. (eds.). Museums and Truths. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 9781443854498.
- Meijer-van Mensch, Leontine (2013). "New Challenges, New Priorities: Analyzing Ethical Dilemmas From a Stakeholder's Perspective in the Netherlands". In Marstine, Janet; Bauer, Alexander A.; Haines, Chelsea (eds.). New Directions in Museum Ethics. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415522878.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Artists | |