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Chemical compound
Silvestrol
Methyl (1R ,2R ,3S ,3aR ,8bS )-6-[[(2S ,3R ,6R )-6-[(1R )-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-methoxy-1,4-dioxan-2-yl]oxy]-1,8b-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3a-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H -cyclopenta[b] [1]benzofuran-2-carboxylate
CAS Number
PubChem
CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
Formula C 34 H 38 O 13
Molar mass 654.665 g·mol−1 3D model (
JSmol )
CO[C@H]1[C@@H](O[C@H](CO1)[C@@H](CO)O)OC2=CC3=C(C(=C2)OC)[C@@]4([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@]4(O3)C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)C6=CC=CC=C6)C(=O)OC)O)O
InChI=1S/C34H38O13/c1-40-20-12-10-19(11-13-20)34-27(18-8-6-5-7-9-18)26(30(38)42-3)29(37)33(34,39)28-23(41-2)14-21(15-24(28)47-34)45-32-31(43-4)44-17-25(46-32)22(36)16-35/h5-15,22,25-27,29,31-32,35-37,39H,16-17H2,1-4H3/t22-,25-,26-,27-,29-,31-,32-,33+,34+/m1/s1
Key:GVKXFVCXBFGBCD-QKDMMWSPSA-N
Silvestrol is a natural product from the
flavagline family, with a cyclopenta[b]
benzofuran core structure and an unusual
dioxane ether side chain, which is found in the bark of trees from the genus
Aglaia , especially
Aglaia silvestris and
Aglaia foveolata .
[1]
It acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of the RNA
helicase enzyme
eIF4A , and has both broad-spectrum
antiviral activity against diseases such as
Ebola and
coronaviruses ,
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6] and anti-cancer properties,
[7]
[8] which makes it of considerable interest in medical research. However, as it cannot be extracted from tree bark in commercial amounts and is prohibitively complex to produce synthetically,
[9] practical applications have focused more on structurally simplified analogues such as
CR-31-B .
[10]
^ Pan L, Woodard JL, Lucas DM, Fuchs JR, Kinghorn AD (July 2014).
"Rocaglamide, silvestrol and structurally related bioactive compounds from Aglaia species" . Natural Product Reports . 31 (7): 924–39.
doi :
10.1039/c4np00006d .
PMC
4091845 .
PMID
24788392 .
^ Biedenkopf N, Lange-Grünweller K, Schulte FW, Weißer A, Müller C, Becker D, et al. (January 2017). "The natural compound silvestrol is a potent inhibitor of Ebola virus replication". Antiviral Research . 137 : 76–81.
doi :
10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.011 .
PMID
27864075 .
S2CID
205577158 .
^ Elgner F, Sabino C, Basic M, Ploen D, Grünweller A, Hildt E (March 2018).
"Inhibition of Zika Virus Replication by Silvestrol" . Viruses . 10 (4): 149.
doi :
10.3390/v10040149 .
PMC
5923443 .
PMID
29584632 .
^ Müller C, Schulte FW, Lange-Grünweller K, Obermann W, Madhugiri R, Pleschka S, et al. (February 2018).
"Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the eIF4A inhibitor silvestrol against corona- and picornaviruses" . Antiviral Research . 150 : 123–129.
doi :
10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.12.010 .
PMC
7113723 .
PMID
29258862 .
^ Henss L, Scholz T, Grünweller A, Schnierle BS (October 2018).
"Silvestrol Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Replication" . Viruses . 10 (11): 592.
doi :
10.3390/v10110592 .
PMC
6266838 .
PMID
30380742 .
^ Pillaiyar T, Meenakshisundaram S, Manickam M (April 2020).
"Recent discovery and development of inhibitors targeting coronaviruses" . Drug Discovery Today . 25 (4): 668–688.
doi :
10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.015 .
PMC
7102522 .
PMID
32006468 .
^ Kogure T, Kinghorn AD, Yan I, Bolon B, Lucas DM, Grever MR, Patel T (2013).
"Therapeutic potential of the translation inhibitor silvestrol in hepatocellular cancer" . PLOS ONE . 8 (9): e76136.
Bibcode :
2013PLoSO...876136K .
doi :
10.1371/journal.pone.0076136 .
PMC
3784426 .
PMID
24086701 .
^ Pelletier J, Graff J, Ruggero D, Sonenberg N (January 2015).
"Targeting the eIF4F translation initiation complex: a critical nexus for cancer development" . Cancer Research . 75 (2): 250–63.
doi :
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-2789 .
PMC
4299928 .
PMID
25593033 .
^ El Sous M, Khoo ML, Holloway G, Owen D, Scammells PJ, Rizzacasa MA (2007).
"Total synthesis of (-)-episilvestrol and (-)-silvestrol" . Angewandte Chemie . 46 (41): 7835–8.
doi :
10.1002/anie.200702700 .
PMID
17823902 .
^ Müller C, Obermann W, Schulte FW, Lange-Grünweller K, Oestereich L, Elgner F, et al. (January 2020).
"Comparison of broad-spectrum antiviral activities of the synthetic rocaglate CR-31-B (-) and the eIF4A-inhibitor Silvestrol" . Antiviral Research . 175 : 104706.
doi :
10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104706 .
PMC
7114339 .
PMID
31931103 .