Santalum freycinetianum | |
---|---|
S. freycinetianum var. lanaiense | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Santalales |
Family: | Santalaceae |
Genus: | Santalum |
Species: | S. freycinetianum
|
Binomial name | |
Santalum freycinetianum | |
Varieties | |
S. f. var. freycinetianum |
Santalum freycinetianum, the forest sandalwood, [2] Freycinet sandalwood, or ʻIliahi, is a species of flowering tree in the European mistletoe family, Santalaceae, that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Its binomial name commemorates Henri Louis Claude de Saulces de Freycinet, a 19th-century French explorer. [3] ʻIliahi inhabits dry, coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests on Oʻahu, Kauaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui, and Molokaʻi at elevations of 250–950 m (820–3,120 ft). It grows in areas that receive 500–3,800 mm (20–150 in) of annual rainfall. Like other members of its genus, ʻiliahi is a root hemi-parasite, deriving some of its nutrients from the host plant; common hosts include koa ( Acacia koa), koaiʻa ( Acacia koaia), and ʻaʻaliʻi ( Dodonaea viscosa). [4]
The ʻlaʻau ʻala ( heartwood) of ʻiliahi contains valuable, aromatic essential oils. Native Hawaiians used the wood to make pola, the deck on a waʻa kaulua ( double-hulled canoe). Powdered ʻlaʻau ʻala was used as a perfume and added to kapa cloth. [6] Between 1791–1840, trees were intensively harvested for export to China, where the hard, yellowish-brown wood was made into carved objects, chests, and incense. The ʻiliahi trade peaked from 1815 to 1826, and stopped when no large trees were left. [7]
Native Hawaiians combined leaves and bark of the ʻiliahi with naio ( Myoporum sandwicense) ashes to treat kepia o ke poʻo ( dandruff) and liha o ka lauoho ( head lice). ʻIliahi shavings mixed with ʻawa ( Piper methysticum), nioi ( Eugenia reinwardtiana), ʻahakea ( Bobea spp.), and kauila ( Alphitonia ponderosa) was used to treat sexually transmitted diseases. [7]
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Santalum freycinetianum | |
---|---|
S. freycinetianum var. lanaiense | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Santalales |
Family: | Santalaceae |
Genus: | Santalum |
Species: | S. freycinetianum
|
Binomial name | |
Santalum freycinetianum | |
Varieties | |
S. f. var. freycinetianum |
Santalum freycinetianum, the forest sandalwood, [2] Freycinet sandalwood, or ʻIliahi, is a species of flowering tree in the European mistletoe family, Santalaceae, that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Its binomial name commemorates Henri Louis Claude de Saulces de Freycinet, a 19th-century French explorer. [3] ʻIliahi inhabits dry, coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests on Oʻahu, Kauaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui, and Molokaʻi at elevations of 250–950 m (820–3,120 ft). It grows in areas that receive 500–3,800 mm (20–150 in) of annual rainfall. Like other members of its genus, ʻiliahi is a root hemi-parasite, deriving some of its nutrients from the host plant; common hosts include koa ( Acacia koa), koaiʻa ( Acacia koaia), and ʻaʻaliʻi ( Dodonaea viscosa). [4]
The ʻlaʻau ʻala ( heartwood) of ʻiliahi contains valuable, aromatic essential oils. Native Hawaiians used the wood to make pola, the deck on a waʻa kaulua ( double-hulled canoe). Powdered ʻlaʻau ʻala was used as a perfume and added to kapa cloth. [6] Between 1791–1840, trees were intensively harvested for export to China, where the hard, yellowish-brown wood was made into carved objects, chests, and incense. The ʻiliahi trade peaked from 1815 to 1826, and stopped when no large trees were left. [7]
Native Hawaiians combined leaves and bark of the ʻiliahi with naio ( Myoporum sandwicense) ashes to treat kepia o ke poʻo ( dandruff) and liha o ka lauoho ( head lice). ʻIliahi shavings mixed with ʻawa ( Piper methysticum), nioi ( Eugenia reinwardtiana), ʻahakea ( Bobea spp.), and kauila ( Alphitonia ponderosa) was used to treat sexually transmitted diseases. [7]
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cite journal}}
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