Salsoloideae | |
---|---|
| |
Salsola oppositifolia, in fruit | |
Scientific classification
![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Amaranthaceae |
Subfamily: |
Salsoloideae Raf. |
Genera | |
About 35 genera, see text |
The Salsoloideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae.
These are herbs, subshrubs, shrubs and some trees. Stems and leaves are often succulent. The ovary contains a spiral embryo. In most genera, scarious wings develop at the outside of the fruiting perianth, allowing for dispersal by the wind ( anemochory). In tribe Caroxyleae, the stamens have vesiculose anther appendages, discolor with anthers, that probably play a role for insect pollination. In tribe Salsoleae the anther appendages are absent or small and inconspicuous.
The area with most species ( center of diversity) are the deserts and semideserts of Central-Asia and the Middle East. Distribution of the subfamily extends to the Mediterranean, to Middle-Europe, north and south Africa, and Australia, some species have also been introduced to America. Many species grow in dry habitats ( xerophytes) or tolerate salty soils ( halophytes), some are ruderals.
Salsoloideae are C4 plants (with a few exceptions in tribe Salsoleae). Tribe Caroxyleae is exclusively of the NAD-malic enzyme C4 subtype. Most Salsoleae also use the NADP-malic enzyme. [1]
The type genus of subfamily Salsoloideae is Salsola L. According to recent research, the former classification did not reflect the phylogenetic relationship, so that the subfamily had to be reclassified; it is now split in two tribes, Caroxyleae and Salsoleae (in the strict sense). [2] [3] The tribe Camphorosmeae is now treated in its own subfamily, Camphorosmoideae. [4]
Caroxyleae Akhani & E. H. Roalson (as "Caroxyloneae") [2]
Salsoloideae | |
---|---|
| |
Salsola oppositifolia, in fruit | |
Scientific classification
![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Amaranthaceae |
Subfamily: |
Salsoloideae Raf. |
Genera | |
About 35 genera, see text |
The Salsoloideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae.
These are herbs, subshrubs, shrubs and some trees. Stems and leaves are often succulent. The ovary contains a spiral embryo. In most genera, scarious wings develop at the outside of the fruiting perianth, allowing for dispersal by the wind ( anemochory). In tribe Caroxyleae, the stamens have vesiculose anther appendages, discolor with anthers, that probably play a role for insect pollination. In tribe Salsoleae the anther appendages are absent or small and inconspicuous.
The area with most species ( center of diversity) are the deserts and semideserts of Central-Asia and the Middle East. Distribution of the subfamily extends to the Mediterranean, to Middle-Europe, north and south Africa, and Australia, some species have also been introduced to America. Many species grow in dry habitats ( xerophytes) or tolerate salty soils ( halophytes), some are ruderals.
Salsoloideae are C4 plants (with a few exceptions in tribe Salsoleae). Tribe Caroxyleae is exclusively of the NAD-malic enzyme C4 subtype. Most Salsoleae also use the NADP-malic enzyme. [1]
The type genus of subfamily Salsoloideae is Salsola L. According to recent research, the former classification did not reflect the phylogenetic relationship, so that the subfamily had to be reclassified; it is now split in two tribes, Caroxyleae and Salsoleae (in the strict sense). [2] [3] The tribe Camphorosmeae is now treated in its own subfamily, Camphorosmoideae. [4]
Caroxyleae Akhani & E. H. Roalson (as "Caroxyloneae") [2]