Russian federal highways (Russian: автомобильные дороги федерального значения Российской Федерации, romanized: avtomobil’nyye dorogi federal’nogo znacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii; lit. highways of federal importance of the Russian Federation) are the most important highways in Russia that are federal property. The following motorways are designated as federal. [1] [2]
The federal highways are classified in Russia into two categories:
The local importance roads in Russia are designated with a letter prefix and a number as well as the OKATO (Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления, Russian classification on objects of administrative division) code for the region.
These roads use the following prefixes:
Highway | Route | Length | Notes |
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Moscow to the border with Belarus | 440 km (270 mi) | |
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Moscow - Tula - Orel - Kursk - Belgorod to the border with Ukraine | 720 km (450 mi) | |
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Moscow - Kaluga - Bryansk to the border with Ukraine | 490 km (300 mi) | |
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Moscow - Voronezh - Rostov-on-Don - Krasnodar - Novorossiysk | 1,513 km (940 mi) | One of three fully-fledged nationwide motorways in Russia alongside M11 and M12 (all three are toll roads) |
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Moscow - Ryazan’ - Penza - Samara - Ufa - Chelyabinsk | 1,819 km (1,130 mi) | |
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Moscow - Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan | 1,342 km (834 mi) | Originally continued to Ufa; this is planned to become portions of M12, R240 and R243 |
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Moscow - Yaroslavl - Vologda - Arkangelsk | 1,271 km (790 mi) | |
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Moscow - Volokolamsk to the border with Latvia | 610 km (380 mi) | |
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Moscow - Tver’ - Velikiy Novgorod - Saint Petersburg | 872 km (542 mi) | Originally continued to Finnish border, but this was redesignated A181 in 2018 |
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Moscow – Saint Petersburg | 684 km (425 mi) | One of three fully-fledged nationwide motorways in Russia alongside M4 and M12 (all three are toll roads) |
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Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan - Yekaterinburg - Tyumen | 811 km (504 mi) (currently in operation), ~1,600 km (990 mi) (proposed) | As of 2024, the 811 km (504 mi) stretch of M12 between Moscow and Kazan has been completed and put to operation; the rest of the motorway is under construction |
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Saint Petersburg - Petrozavodsk - Murmansk - Pechenga to the border with Norway | 2,038 km (1,266 mi) | Former M18 |
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Tambov - Volgograd - Astrakhan | 1,779 km (1,105 mi) | Former M6 |
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Saint Petersburg - Pskov - Pustoshka - Nevel to the border with Belarus | 544 km (338 mi) | Former M20 |
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Veliky Novgorod - Soltsy - Porkhov - Pskov | 223 km (139 mi) | Former A116 |
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Kaluga - Peremyshl’ - Belev - Orel | 181 km (112 mi) | |
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Orel - Livny - Elets - Lipetsk - Tambov | 390 km (240 mi) | |
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Orel - Bryansk - Smolensk to the border with Belarus | 510 km (320 mi) | Former A141 |
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Yaroslavl - Kostroma - Ivanovo - Vladimir - Gus-Khrustalny - Ryazan - Mikhailov - Tula - Kaluga - Vyazma - Rzhev - Tver - Uglich - Yaroslavl | 1,558 km (968 mi) | Bypass for M3; Russia's longest ring road |
R150 | Belgorod - Starobelsk - Luhansk – Donetsk – Mariupol | Runs through occupied Ukraine | |
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Nizhny Novgorod - Saransk - Issa - Penza - Saratov | ||
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Cheboksary - Yoshkar-Ola - Kirov - Syktyvkar | Former A119 | |
R177 | Nizhny Novgorod - Yoshkar-Ola | ||
R178 | Saransk - Surskoye - Ulyanovsk to route M5 "Ural" | Continues to Samara as 73R-178 and 36P-170 | |
R193 | Voronezh - Tambov | ||
R207 | Penza - Balashov - Mikhailovka to route R260 | ||
R208 | Tambov - Penza | ||
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Astrakhan - Kochubey - Kizlyar - Makhachkala | ||
R216 | Astrakhan - Elista - Stavropol | Former A154 | |
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Route M4 "Don" - Vladikavkaz - Grozny - Makhachkala to the border with Azerbaijan | Former M29 | |
R228 | Syzran - Saratov - Volgograd | ||
R229 | Samara - Pugachev - Engels - Volgograd | ||
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Kazan - Orenburg - Akbulak to the border with Kazakhstan | ||
R240 | Ufa - Orenburg | ||
R241 | Kazan - Buinsk - Ulyanovsk | ||
R243 | Kostroma - Sharya - Kirov - Perm | ||
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Chelyabinsk - Kurgan - Omsk - Novosibirsk | Former M51 | |
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Novosibirsk - Kemerovo - Krasnoyarsk - Irkutsk | Former M53 | |
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Novosibirsk - Barnaul - Gorno-Altaysk to the border with Mongolia | Former M52 | |
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Krasnoyarsk - Abakan - Kyzyl - Chadan - Khandagayty to the border with Mongolia | Former M54 | |
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Irkutsk - Ulan-Ude - Chita | Former M55 | |
R260 | Volgograd - Kamensk-Shakhtinsky - Luhansk | Former M21 and A260; runs through occupied Ukraine | |
R280 | Rostov-on-Don - Mariupol - Melitopol - Simferopol | Runs through occupied Ukraine | |
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Chita - Never - Svobodnyy - Arkhara - Birobidzhan - Khabarovsk | Former M58 | |
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Kursk - Voronezh to route R22 | Former A144 | |
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Yekaterinburg - Shadrinsk - Kurgan | ||
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Tyumen - Yalutorovsk - Ishim - Omsk | ||
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Tyumen - Tobol’sk - Khanty-Mansiysk | ||
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Yakutsk - Magadan | Former M56 "Kolyma" | |
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Moscow - Shchëlkovo to route A107 | ||
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Moscow - Dmitrov - Dubna | ||
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access road from Domodedovo Airport | Former portion of route M4 | |
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Moscow-Zvenigorod | Former A105 | |
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Iksha - Noginsk - Bronnitsy - Golitsyno - Istra - Iksha | ||
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Dmitrov - Sergiev Posad - Orekhovo-Zuevo – Voskresensk - Mikhnevo - Balabanovo - Ruza - Klin - Dmitrov | ||
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Krasnogorsk - Petrovo-Dalnee; connection to route A106 and entrance to state dacha No. 7 (in Petrovo-Dalnee) | ||
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access road from highway A108 to the "Semonovskoye" facility | ||
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access road from route M10 to the state complex "Zavidovo" | ||
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Chepelëvo - Velyaminovo | ||
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Circular roadway in Moscow Oblast and Moscow | ||
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Vologda - Tikhvin to highway R21 | ||
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Beltway around Saint Petersburg | ||
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Vologda - Medvezhyegorsk to highway R21 | Former R5 | |
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Kirovsk - Mga - Gatchina - Bol’shaya Izhora | ||
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Saint Petersburg - Sortavala to route R21 | Former A129 | |
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Route A114 – Ustyuzhna - Kresttsy - Yazhelbitsy - Velikiye Luki - Nevel | One portion former M10 | |
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Chekshino - Totma - Kotlas - Kuratovo | ||
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Moscow - Maloyaroslavets - Roslavl to the border with Belarus | Former A101 | |
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access road from highway M1 to Smolensk | ||
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access road from highway M4 to Lipetsk | ||
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access road from route M4 to Voronezh | ||
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access road from route M4 to Rostov-on-Don | ||
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access road from route M4 to Krasnodar | ||
A137 | Route R21 - Tiksha - Ledmozero - Kostomuksha to the border with Finland | ||
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Trosna - Kalinovka | ||
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Krasnodar - Verkhnebakansky | ||
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Dzhubga - Sochi to the border with Abkhazia | Former M27 | |
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Route A147 to the Sochi bypass | ||
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Adler - Krasnaya Polyana | Former A148 | |
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Tsivilsk - Ulyanovsk | ||
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Urvan - Verkhnyaya Balkariya - Ushtulu | Former R291 | |
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Cherkessk - Dombay to the border with Abkhazia | ||
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Access roads from A155 to international holiday resort "Arkhyz" and the specialized Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences | Former portion of A155 | |
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Mineralnye Vody Airport - Kislovodsk | ||
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Prokhladnyy - Baksan - Elbrus | One section former R289 | |
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access road from Maikop to the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve | Former R254 | |
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Maikop - Bzhedugkhabl - Adygeysk - Ust-Labinsk - Korenovsk | Former R253 | |
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Vladikavkaz - Nizhniy Lars to the border with Georgia | Former R301 | |
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Vladikavkaz - Alagir | Former R297 | |
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access road from highway R217 to Vladikavkaz Airport | ||
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Kardzhin - Alagir - Nizhniy Zaramag to the border with South Ossetia | Former R297 and R298 | |
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Lermontov - Cherkessk | Former A156 | |
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Kochubey - Neftekumsk - Zelenokumsk - Mineralnye Vody | Former R263 and R285 | |
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Saint Petersburg to the border with Estonia | Former M11 | |
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Saint Petersburg - Vyborg to the border with Finland | Former portion of M10 | |
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Pskov - Izborsk to the border with Estonia | ||
A215 | Lodeynoe Pole - Vytegra - Prokshino - Plesetsk - Brin-Navolok | Former R37 | |
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Gvardeisk - Neman to the border with Lithuania | ||
A217 | Kaliningrad - Svetlogorsk | ||
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Kaliningrad - Chernyakhovsk - Nesterov to the border with Lithuania | ||
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Bryansk - Novozybkov to the border with Belarus | Former M13 | |
A258 | Highway M4 - Kantermirovka - Luhansk | ||
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Route M4 - Novoshakhtinsk to the border with LPR/Ukraine | Former M19 | |
A289 | Krasnodar - Slavyansk-on-Kuban - Temryuk to route A290 | Former 03K-579 | |
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Novorossiysk - Kerch, entrances to Port Kavkaz and Anapa Airport | Former M25; runs through occupied Ukraine | |
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Kerch - Simferopol - Sevastopol | Former 35P-001, 35P-003 and 35N-113; runs through occupied Ukraine | |
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Yoshkar-Ola - Zelenodolsk to route M7 | Former R175 | |
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Route R208 - Saratov - Pristannoe - Ershov - Ozinki to the border with Kazakhstan | ||
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Samara - Bolshaya Chernigovka to the border with Kazakhstan | Former M32 | |
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Orenburg - Ilek to the border with Kazakhstan | Former R335 | |
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Chelyabinsk - Troitsk to the border with Kazakhstan | Former M36 | |
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Omsk - Cherlak to the border with Kazakhstan | Former M38 | |
A321 | Barnaul - Pavlovsk to the border with Kazakhstan | ||
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Barnaul - Rubtsovsk to the border with Kazakhstan | Former A349 | |
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Tulun - Bratsk - Ust’-Kut - Mirnyy - Yakutsk | Former R419 | |
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Kultuk - Mondy to the border with Mongolia | Former A164 | |
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Ulan-Ude - Kyakhta to the border with Mongolia | Former A165 | |
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Chita - Zabaykalsk to the border with China | Former A166 | |
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Never - Yakutsk | Former M56 "Lena" | |
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Route A360 to the border with China | ||
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Khabarovsk - Vladivostok | Former M60 | |
A371 | Vladivostok - Ostrov | ||
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Khabarovsk - Krasnyy Yar - Ariadnoe - Chuguevka - Nakhodka | ||
A376 | Khabarovsk - Lidoga - Vanino - Komsomolsk-on-Amur | Former 08A-1 | |
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access road from Anadyr to Anadyr Airport (Ugolny) | ||
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Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Korsakov | Former R488 | |
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Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Kholmsk | Former R495 | |
A393 | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Okha | Former R495 | |
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access road from the Port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy to Elisovo Airport |
Cyrillic Р is used on signs.
Access roads to ports, airports and railroad stations from cities Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Anadyr, Dudinka, Naryan-Mar, Salekhard, Khanty-Mansiysk and from the urban-type settlements of Palana and Tura.
Russian federal highways (Russian: автомобильные дороги федерального значения Российской Федерации, romanized: avtomobil’nyye dorogi federal’nogo znacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii; lit. highways of federal importance of the Russian Federation) are the most important highways in Russia that are federal property. The following motorways are designated as federal. [1] [2]
The federal highways are classified in Russia into two categories:
The local importance roads in Russia are designated with a letter prefix and a number as well as the OKATO (Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления, Russian classification on objects of administrative division) code for the region.
These roads use the following prefixes:
Highway | Route | Length | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
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Moscow to the border with Belarus | 440 km (270 mi) | |
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Moscow - Tula - Orel - Kursk - Belgorod to the border with Ukraine | 720 km (450 mi) | |
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Moscow - Kaluga - Bryansk to the border with Ukraine | 490 km (300 mi) | |
![]() |
Moscow - Voronezh - Rostov-on-Don - Krasnodar - Novorossiysk | 1,513 km (940 mi) | One of three fully-fledged nationwide motorways in Russia alongside M11 and M12 (all three are toll roads) |
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Moscow - Ryazan’ - Penza - Samara - Ufa - Chelyabinsk | 1,819 km (1,130 mi) | |
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Moscow - Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan | 1,342 km (834 mi) | Originally continued to Ufa; this is planned to become portions of M12, R240 and R243 |
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Moscow - Yaroslavl - Vologda - Arkangelsk | 1,271 km (790 mi) | |
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Moscow - Volokolamsk to the border with Latvia | 610 km (380 mi) | |
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Moscow - Tver’ - Velikiy Novgorod - Saint Petersburg | 872 km (542 mi) | Originally continued to Finnish border, but this was redesignated A181 in 2018 |
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Moscow – Saint Petersburg | 684 km (425 mi) | One of three fully-fledged nationwide motorways in Russia alongside M4 and M12 (all three are toll roads) |
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Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan - Yekaterinburg - Tyumen | 811 km (504 mi) (currently in operation), ~1,600 km (990 mi) (proposed) | As of 2024, the 811 km (504 mi) stretch of M12 between Moscow and Kazan has been completed and put to operation; the rest of the motorway is under construction |
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Saint Petersburg - Petrozavodsk - Murmansk - Pechenga to the border with Norway | 2,038 km (1,266 mi) | Former M18 |
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Tambov - Volgograd - Astrakhan | 1,779 km (1,105 mi) | Former M6 |
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Saint Petersburg - Pskov - Pustoshka - Nevel to the border with Belarus | 544 km (338 mi) | Former M20 |
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Veliky Novgorod - Soltsy - Porkhov - Pskov | 223 km (139 mi) | Former A116 |
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Kaluga - Peremyshl’ - Belev - Orel | 181 km (112 mi) | |
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Orel - Livny - Elets - Lipetsk - Tambov | 390 km (240 mi) | |
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Orel - Bryansk - Smolensk to the border with Belarus | 510 km (320 mi) | Former A141 |
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Yaroslavl - Kostroma - Ivanovo - Vladimir - Gus-Khrustalny - Ryazan - Mikhailov - Tula - Kaluga - Vyazma - Rzhev - Tver - Uglich - Yaroslavl | 1,558 km (968 mi) | Bypass for M3; Russia's longest ring road |
R150 | Belgorod - Starobelsk - Luhansk – Donetsk – Mariupol | Runs through occupied Ukraine | |
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Nizhny Novgorod - Saransk - Issa - Penza - Saratov | ||
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Cheboksary - Yoshkar-Ola - Kirov - Syktyvkar | Former A119 | |
R177 | Nizhny Novgorod - Yoshkar-Ola | ||
R178 | Saransk - Surskoye - Ulyanovsk to route M5 "Ural" | Continues to Samara as 73R-178 and 36P-170 | |
R193 | Voronezh - Tambov | ||
R207 | Penza - Balashov - Mikhailovka to route R260 | ||
R208 | Tambov - Penza | ||
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Astrakhan - Kochubey - Kizlyar - Makhachkala | ||
R216 | Astrakhan - Elista - Stavropol | Former A154 | |
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Route M4 "Don" - Vladikavkaz - Grozny - Makhachkala to the border with Azerbaijan | Former M29 | |
R228 | Syzran - Saratov - Volgograd | ||
R229 | Samara - Pugachev - Engels - Volgograd | ||
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Kazan - Orenburg - Akbulak to the border with Kazakhstan | ||
R240 | Ufa - Orenburg | ||
R241 | Kazan - Buinsk - Ulyanovsk | ||
R243 | Kostroma - Sharya - Kirov - Perm | ||
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Chelyabinsk - Kurgan - Omsk - Novosibirsk | Former M51 | |
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Novosibirsk - Kemerovo - Krasnoyarsk - Irkutsk | Former M53 | |
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Novosibirsk - Barnaul - Gorno-Altaysk to the border with Mongolia | Former M52 | |
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Krasnoyarsk - Abakan - Kyzyl - Chadan - Khandagayty to the border with Mongolia | Former M54 | |
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Irkutsk - Ulan-Ude - Chita | Former M55 | |
R260 | Volgograd - Kamensk-Shakhtinsky - Luhansk | Former M21 and A260; runs through occupied Ukraine | |
R280 | Rostov-on-Don - Mariupol - Melitopol - Simferopol | Runs through occupied Ukraine | |
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Chita - Never - Svobodnyy - Arkhara - Birobidzhan - Khabarovsk | Former M58 | |
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Kursk - Voronezh to route R22 | Former A144 | |
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Yekaterinburg - Shadrinsk - Kurgan | ||
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Tyumen - Yalutorovsk - Ishim - Omsk | ||
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Tyumen - Tobol’sk - Khanty-Mansiysk | ||
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Yakutsk - Magadan | Former M56 "Kolyma" | |
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Moscow - Shchëlkovo to route A107 | ||
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Moscow - Dmitrov - Dubna | ||
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access road from Domodedovo Airport | Former portion of route M4 | |
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Moscow-Zvenigorod | Former A105 | |
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Iksha - Noginsk - Bronnitsy - Golitsyno - Istra - Iksha | ||
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Dmitrov - Sergiev Posad - Orekhovo-Zuevo – Voskresensk - Mikhnevo - Balabanovo - Ruza - Klin - Dmitrov | ||
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Krasnogorsk - Petrovo-Dalnee; connection to route A106 and entrance to state dacha No. 7 (in Petrovo-Dalnee) | ||
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access road from highway A108 to the "Semonovskoye" facility | ||
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access road from route M10 to the state complex "Zavidovo" | ||
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Chepelëvo - Velyaminovo | ||
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Circular roadway in Moscow Oblast and Moscow | ||
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Vologda - Tikhvin to highway R21 | ||
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Beltway around Saint Petersburg | ||
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Vologda - Medvezhyegorsk to highway R21 | Former R5 | |
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Kirovsk - Mga - Gatchina - Bol’shaya Izhora | ||
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Saint Petersburg - Sortavala to route R21 | Former A129 | |
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Route A114 – Ustyuzhna - Kresttsy - Yazhelbitsy - Velikiye Luki - Nevel | One portion former M10 | |
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Chekshino - Totma - Kotlas - Kuratovo | ||
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Moscow - Maloyaroslavets - Roslavl to the border with Belarus | Former A101 | |
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access road from highway M1 to Smolensk | ||
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access road from highway M4 to Lipetsk | ||
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access road from route M4 to Voronezh | ||
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access road from route M4 to Rostov-on-Don | ||
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access road from route M4 to Krasnodar | ||
A137 | Route R21 - Tiksha - Ledmozero - Kostomuksha to the border with Finland | ||
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Trosna - Kalinovka | ||
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Krasnodar - Verkhnebakansky | ||
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Dzhubga - Sochi to the border with Abkhazia | Former M27 | |
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Route A147 to the Sochi bypass | ||
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Adler - Krasnaya Polyana | Former A148 | |
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Tsivilsk - Ulyanovsk | ||
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Urvan - Verkhnyaya Balkariya - Ushtulu | Former R291 | |
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Cherkessk - Dombay to the border with Abkhazia | ||
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Access roads from A155 to international holiday resort "Arkhyz" and the specialized Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences | Former portion of A155 | |
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Mineralnye Vody Airport - Kislovodsk | ||
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Prokhladnyy - Baksan - Elbrus | One section former R289 | |
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access road from Maikop to the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve | Former R254 | |
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Maikop - Bzhedugkhabl - Adygeysk - Ust-Labinsk - Korenovsk | Former R253 | |
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Vladikavkaz - Nizhniy Lars to the border with Georgia | Former R301 | |
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Vladikavkaz - Alagir | Former R297 | |
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access road from highway R217 to Vladikavkaz Airport | ||
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Kardzhin - Alagir - Nizhniy Zaramag to the border with South Ossetia | Former R297 and R298 | |
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Lermontov - Cherkessk | Former A156 | |
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Kochubey - Neftekumsk - Zelenokumsk - Mineralnye Vody | Former R263 and R285 | |
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Saint Petersburg to the border with Estonia | Former M11 | |
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Saint Petersburg - Vyborg to the border with Finland | Former portion of M10 | |
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Pskov - Izborsk to the border with Estonia | ||
A215 | Lodeynoe Pole - Vytegra - Prokshino - Plesetsk - Brin-Navolok | Former R37 | |
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Gvardeisk - Neman to the border with Lithuania | ||
A217 | Kaliningrad - Svetlogorsk | ||
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Kaliningrad - Chernyakhovsk - Nesterov to the border with Lithuania | ||
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Bryansk - Novozybkov to the border with Belarus | Former M13 | |
A258 | Highway M4 - Kantermirovka - Luhansk | ||
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Route M4 - Novoshakhtinsk to the border with LPR/Ukraine | Former M19 | |
A289 | Krasnodar - Slavyansk-on-Kuban - Temryuk to route A290 | Former 03K-579 | |
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Novorossiysk - Kerch, entrances to Port Kavkaz and Anapa Airport | Former M25; runs through occupied Ukraine | |
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Kerch - Simferopol - Sevastopol | Former 35P-001, 35P-003 and 35N-113; runs through occupied Ukraine | |
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Yoshkar-Ola - Zelenodolsk to route M7 | Former R175 | |
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Route R208 - Saratov - Pristannoe - Ershov - Ozinki to the border with Kazakhstan | ||
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Samara - Bolshaya Chernigovka to the border with Kazakhstan | Former M32 | |
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Orenburg - Ilek to the border with Kazakhstan | Former R335 | |
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Chelyabinsk - Troitsk to the border with Kazakhstan | Former M36 | |
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Omsk - Cherlak to the border with Kazakhstan | Former M38 | |
A321 | Barnaul - Pavlovsk to the border with Kazakhstan | ||
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Barnaul - Rubtsovsk to the border with Kazakhstan | Former A349 | |
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Tulun - Bratsk - Ust’-Kut - Mirnyy - Yakutsk | Former R419 | |
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Kultuk - Mondy to the border with Mongolia | Former A164 | |
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Ulan-Ude - Kyakhta to the border with Mongolia | Former A165 | |
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Chita - Zabaykalsk to the border with China | Former A166 | |
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Never - Yakutsk | Former M56 "Lena" | |
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Route A360 to the border with China | ||
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Khabarovsk - Vladivostok | Former M60 | |
A371 | Vladivostok - Ostrov | ||
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Khabarovsk - Krasnyy Yar - Ariadnoe - Chuguevka - Nakhodka | ||
A376 | Khabarovsk - Lidoga - Vanino - Komsomolsk-on-Amur | Former 08A-1 | |
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access road from Anadyr to Anadyr Airport (Ugolny) | ||
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Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Korsakov | Former R488 | |
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Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Kholmsk | Former R495 | |
A393 | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Okha | Former R495 | |
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access road from the Port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy to Elisovo Airport |
Cyrillic Р is used on signs.
Access roads to ports, airports and railroad stations from cities Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Anadyr, Dudinka, Naryan-Mar, Salekhard, Khanty-Mansiysk and from the urban-type settlements of Palana and Tura.