Russia has relations with all of the countries of the
Middle East. Historically it has been involved in numerous wars there, especially with Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, with Afghanistan, and recently in support of Syria.[1][2] Today, when the Russian political establishment deals with Middle Eastern countries it seems to act a lot like it did in imperial times – often giving them broad diplomatic and even military support.
[3]
^Frederick Kagan, and Robin Higham, eds. The Military History of Tsarist Russia (2008)
excerpts
^David Stone, A Military History of Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya (2006)
excerpts
^Mary Elizabeth Malinkin & Paul du Quenoy, Russia’s Curious Relationship with the Middle East – from Imperial Times to the Present (2015)
excerpts
Further reading
Amos, Philip. “Recent Work on the Great Game in Asia.” International History Review 2#2 1980, pp. 308–320.
online
Bechev, Dimitar, et al. eds. Russia Rising: Putin's Foreign Policy in the Middle East and North Africa (I.B. Tauris, 2021)
excerpt
Fay, Sidney B. "Russia and the Middle East" Current History 10.57 (1946): 385-392
online.
Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan (Harper Collins, 2009)
Issaev, Leonid, and Andrey Korotayev. "Russia’s policy towards the Middle East: The case of Yemen." International Spectator 55.3 (2020): 132–147.
Kagan, Frederick, and Robin Higham, eds. The Military History of Tsarist Russia (2008)
online
Kauppi, Mark V. and R. Craig Nation, eds. The Soviet Union and the Middle East in the 1980s (Lexington Books, 1983).
Klieman, Aaron S. Soviet Russia and the Middle East (1970)
online
Kreutz, Andrej. Russia in the Middle East: Friend or Foe? (Praeger, 2007).
online review
Kuniholm, Bruce R. The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict and Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey, and Greece (Princeton UP, 1980)
online
Lovotti, Chiara, ed. Russia in the Middle East and North Africa (Routledge, 2020)
excerpt
Lund, Aron. "From cold war to civil war: 75 years of Russian-Syrian relations." (Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 2019)
online.
Lund, Aron. "Russia in the Middle East" (UI Paper 2/2019, Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 2019)
online
Nizameddin, Talal. Russia and the Middle East: Towards a New Foreign Policy (St Martin's Press, 1999).
online
Nizameddin, Talal. “Squaring the Middle East Triangle in Lebanon: Russia and the Iran-Syria-Hezbollah Nexus.” Slavonic and East European Review 86#3, (2008), pp. 475–500,
online.
Primakov, Yevgeny. Russia and the Arabs: Behind the Scenes in the Middle East from the Cold War to the Present (Basic Books, 2009).
Rezvani, Babak. "Russian foreign policy and geopolitics in the Post-Soviet space and the Middle East: Tajikistan, Georgia, Ukraine and Syria." Middle Eastern Studies 56.6 (2020): 878-899
online.
Smolansky, O. M. "The United States and the Soviet Union in the Middle East". Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science (1978). 33#1: 99–109. doi:10.2307/1173976.
Stone, David. A Military History of Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya (2006)
excerpts
Vasiliev, Alexey. Russia’s Middle East Policy: From Lenin to Putin (Routledge, 2018).
excerpt
Vucinich, Wayne S. "Russia and the Near and Middle East.” Current History 28#162, (1955), pp. 80–88,
online
Wehling, Fred. “Three Scenarios for Russia’s Middle East Policy.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 26#2 (1993), pp. 182–204,
online.
Russia has relations with all of the countries of the
Middle East. Historically it has been involved in numerous wars there, especially with Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, with Afghanistan, and recently in support of Syria.[1][2] Today, when the Russian political establishment deals with Middle Eastern countries it seems to act a lot like it did in imperial times – often giving them broad diplomatic and even military support.
[3]
^Frederick Kagan, and Robin Higham, eds. The Military History of Tsarist Russia (2008)
excerpts
^David Stone, A Military History of Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya (2006)
excerpts
^Mary Elizabeth Malinkin & Paul du Quenoy, Russia’s Curious Relationship with the Middle East – from Imperial Times to the Present (2015)
excerpts
Further reading
Amos, Philip. “Recent Work on the Great Game in Asia.” International History Review 2#2 1980, pp. 308–320.
online
Bechev, Dimitar, et al. eds. Russia Rising: Putin's Foreign Policy in the Middle East and North Africa (I.B. Tauris, 2021)
excerpt
Fay, Sidney B. "Russia and the Middle East" Current History 10.57 (1946): 385-392
online.
Feifer, Gregory. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan (Harper Collins, 2009)
Issaev, Leonid, and Andrey Korotayev. "Russia’s policy towards the Middle East: The case of Yemen." International Spectator 55.3 (2020): 132–147.
Kagan, Frederick, and Robin Higham, eds. The Military History of Tsarist Russia (2008)
online
Kauppi, Mark V. and R. Craig Nation, eds. The Soviet Union and the Middle East in the 1980s (Lexington Books, 1983).
Klieman, Aaron S. Soviet Russia and the Middle East (1970)
online
Kreutz, Andrej. Russia in the Middle East: Friend or Foe? (Praeger, 2007).
online review
Kuniholm, Bruce R. The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict and Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey, and Greece (Princeton UP, 1980)
online
Lovotti, Chiara, ed. Russia in the Middle East and North Africa (Routledge, 2020)
excerpt
Lund, Aron. "From cold war to civil war: 75 years of Russian-Syrian relations." (Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 2019)
online.
Lund, Aron. "Russia in the Middle East" (UI Paper 2/2019, Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 2019)
online
Nizameddin, Talal. Russia and the Middle East: Towards a New Foreign Policy (St Martin's Press, 1999).
online
Nizameddin, Talal. “Squaring the Middle East Triangle in Lebanon: Russia and the Iran-Syria-Hezbollah Nexus.” Slavonic and East European Review 86#3, (2008), pp. 475–500,
online.
Primakov, Yevgeny. Russia and the Arabs: Behind the Scenes in the Middle East from the Cold War to the Present (Basic Books, 2009).
Rezvani, Babak. "Russian foreign policy and geopolitics in the Post-Soviet space and the Middle East: Tajikistan, Georgia, Ukraine and Syria." Middle Eastern Studies 56.6 (2020): 878-899
online.
Smolansky, O. M. "The United States and the Soviet Union in the Middle East". Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science (1978). 33#1: 99–109. doi:10.2307/1173976.
Stone, David. A Military History of Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya (2006)
excerpts
Vasiliev, Alexey. Russia’s Middle East Policy: From Lenin to Putin (Routledge, 2018).
excerpt
Vucinich, Wayne S. "Russia and the Near and Middle East.” Current History 28#162, (1955), pp. 80–88,
online
Wehling, Fred. “Three Scenarios for Russia’s Middle East Policy.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 26#2 (1993), pp. 182–204,
online.