Rudolf Bode | |
---|---|
Born |
Kiel, Germany | 3 February 1881
Died | 7 October 1970 Munich, Germany | (aged 89)
Nationality | German |
Occupation(s) | educationalist and founder of expressive gymnastics |
Rudolf Fritz Karl Berthold Bode (3 February 1881 – 7 October 1970) was a German educator and founder of expressive gymnastics [1] His central concerns were holistic movement, its rhythmic design and the interaction of body and soul. He was an active supporter and propagandist for National Socialism from the early 1930s. [2]
Bode, son of a Kiel merchant, studied at the Leipzig Conservatory from 1901 to 1904 and at the same time from 1901 to 1906 at the university there, completing his studies in 1906 with a dissertation on the time thresholds for tuning fork tones of medium and low intensity.
He worked first as a pianist, 1907-1908 as a répétiteur at the Stadttheater Kiel, 1908-1909 as Kapellmeister at the Stadttheater Kaiserslautern, 1909-1910 as Kapellmeister and choir director at the Stadttheater Heidelberg and 1910-1911 as a teacher at the educational institution of Émile Jaques-Dalcroze in Hellerau. [3]
Rudolf Bode and Elly Drenkmann married in 1909. In October 1911, they founded the Bode School of Rhythm Gymnastics in Munich, now the oldest school for gymnastics in Germany, where he also taught piano and music theory. Bode competed in artistic performance in the 1932 Olympics. [4] On 11 August 1922, the "Bodebund für Körpererziehung" was founded in Jena with Heinrich Medau as chairman.
The Bode Federation expanded quite quickly in the following period, so that in addition to the school in Munich in Berlin, Bremen and Wroclaw, other venues were created. In the spring of 1925, his teachers were providing courses in 26 cities; some of them were attended by over a hundred participants. In his writing Rhythm and Physical Education, he referred in particular to Ludwig Klages’ theories. [5]
Bode joined the NSDAP in 1932. During the time of National Socialism, Bode was head of the symphonymatics and dance student council in the Reich Association of German gymnastics, sports and gymnastics teachers. In 1933, he became specialist group leader in the Fighting Federation for German Culture. In 1935, he became specialist director of the Reich School of the Reichsnährstand in Burg Neuhaus near Braunschweig until the school closed in 1939, while Elly, who worked in partnership with Rudolf, took over the management of the Bode School from 1935, from which the educational institution for German dance developed in Munich from 1938.
At the Nazi Burg Neuhaus 'agricultural school' (the “Reich School of the Reichsnährstand for Physical Exercises”), Bode developed special gymnastics for Minister of Agriculture R. Walther Darré who promoted Nordic racial purity through eugenics and the “New nobility of blood and soil.”. Darré appointed the photographers Anna Koppitz and German sports photographer Hanns Spudich to produce pictures of the hand-picked young peasant farmers exercising for Bode's publication Neuhaus gymnastik, [6] issued in several editions. The pictures appeared in the June 1939 Die 5. Reichsnährstands-Ausstellung ("5th Reich nutrition exhibition") in Leipzig [7] and in Odal, the organ of Nazi propaganda. His 1933 The spiritual foundations of dance in the National Socialist state predates his activities at Neuhaus and confirms his alliance to Nazism. [8] Consequently, after the war, Bode was classified as a Nazi follower. [9] [10]
In 1948 Bode reestablished the "Bodebund für Rhythmische Gymnastics". On 1 October 1951 the Bode School reopened in Munich. On 31 March 1970, the school conducted its first course in jazz gymnastics in Munich and Bode died 7 October that year.
Rudolf Bode believed original natural movement could be lost due to incorrect education or persistent unilateral activity. [11] To restore the natural course of movement as an expression of inner experience was to be the task of gymnastics, an idea based on principles he established; [12]
Rudolf Bode | |
---|---|
Born |
Kiel, Germany | 3 February 1881
Died | 7 October 1970 Munich, Germany | (aged 89)
Nationality | German |
Occupation(s) | educationalist and founder of expressive gymnastics |
Rudolf Fritz Karl Berthold Bode (3 February 1881 – 7 October 1970) was a German educator and founder of expressive gymnastics [1] His central concerns were holistic movement, its rhythmic design and the interaction of body and soul. He was an active supporter and propagandist for National Socialism from the early 1930s. [2]
Bode, son of a Kiel merchant, studied at the Leipzig Conservatory from 1901 to 1904 and at the same time from 1901 to 1906 at the university there, completing his studies in 1906 with a dissertation on the time thresholds for tuning fork tones of medium and low intensity.
He worked first as a pianist, 1907-1908 as a répétiteur at the Stadttheater Kiel, 1908-1909 as Kapellmeister at the Stadttheater Kaiserslautern, 1909-1910 as Kapellmeister and choir director at the Stadttheater Heidelberg and 1910-1911 as a teacher at the educational institution of Émile Jaques-Dalcroze in Hellerau. [3]
Rudolf Bode and Elly Drenkmann married in 1909. In October 1911, they founded the Bode School of Rhythm Gymnastics in Munich, now the oldest school for gymnastics in Germany, where he also taught piano and music theory. Bode competed in artistic performance in the 1932 Olympics. [4] On 11 August 1922, the "Bodebund für Körpererziehung" was founded in Jena with Heinrich Medau as chairman.
The Bode Federation expanded quite quickly in the following period, so that in addition to the school in Munich in Berlin, Bremen and Wroclaw, other venues were created. In the spring of 1925, his teachers were providing courses in 26 cities; some of them were attended by over a hundred participants. In his writing Rhythm and Physical Education, he referred in particular to Ludwig Klages’ theories. [5]
Bode joined the NSDAP in 1932. During the time of National Socialism, Bode was head of the symphonymatics and dance student council in the Reich Association of German gymnastics, sports and gymnastics teachers. In 1933, he became specialist group leader in the Fighting Federation for German Culture. In 1935, he became specialist director of the Reich School of the Reichsnährstand in Burg Neuhaus near Braunschweig until the school closed in 1939, while Elly, who worked in partnership with Rudolf, took over the management of the Bode School from 1935, from which the educational institution for German dance developed in Munich from 1938.
At the Nazi Burg Neuhaus 'agricultural school' (the “Reich School of the Reichsnährstand for Physical Exercises”), Bode developed special gymnastics for Minister of Agriculture R. Walther Darré who promoted Nordic racial purity through eugenics and the “New nobility of blood and soil.”. Darré appointed the photographers Anna Koppitz and German sports photographer Hanns Spudich to produce pictures of the hand-picked young peasant farmers exercising for Bode's publication Neuhaus gymnastik, [6] issued in several editions. The pictures appeared in the June 1939 Die 5. Reichsnährstands-Ausstellung ("5th Reich nutrition exhibition") in Leipzig [7] and in Odal, the organ of Nazi propaganda. His 1933 The spiritual foundations of dance in the National Socialist state predates his activities at Neuhaus and confirms his alliance to Nazism. [8] Consequently, after the war, Bode was classified as a Nazi follower. [9] [10]
In 1948 Bode reestablished the "Bodebund für Rhythmische Gymnastics". On 1 October 1951 the Bode School reopened in Munich. On 31 March 1970, the school conducted its first course in jazz gymnastics in Munich and Bode died 7 October that year.
Rudolf Bode believed original natural movement could be lost due to incorrect education or persistent unilateral activity. [11] To restore the natural course of movement as an expression of inner experience was to be the task of gymnastics, an idea based on principles he established; [12]