RHO GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEIN 21

ARHGAP21
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2DHJ, 2J59, 2YUY
Identifiers
Aliases	ARHGAP21, ARHGAP10, Rho GTPase activating protein 21
External IDs	OMIM: 609870; MGI: 1918685; HomoloGene: 10822; GeneCards: ARHGAP21; OMA: ARHGAP21 - orthologs
Gene location ( Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (human)
End	24,723,668 bp
Gene location ( Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	20,973,692 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; ventricular zone; ; ganglionic eminence; ; C1 segment; ; right frontal lobe; ; Brodmann area 9; ; Achilles tendon; ; cingulate gyrus; ; anterior cingulate cortex; ; stromal cell of endometrium;
	Top expressed in
	lacrimal gland; ; cerebellar cortex; ; lobe of cerebellum; ; cerebellar vermis; ; parotid gland; ; zygote; ; secondary oocyte; ; subiculum; ; Region I of hippocampus proper; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; GTPase activator activity;
Cellular component	Golgi apparatus; Golgi membrane; cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; membrane; cytoplasmic vesicle; cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; cytosol; plasma membrane; actin cytoskeleton; cell junction;
Biological process	establishment of Golgi localization; Golgi organization; organelle transport along microtubule; maintenance of Golgi location; signal transduction; positive regulation of GTPase activity; regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	57584
	71435
	ENSG00000107863
	ENSMUSG00000036591
	Q5T5U3
	Q6DFV3
	NM_020824
	NM_001081364; NM_001128084
NP_065875; NP_001354376; NP_001354377; NP_001354378; NP_001354379;
	NP_001354380; NP_001354381; NP_001354382; NP_001354383; NP_001354384
NP_001074833; NP_001121556; NP_001395248; NP_001395249; NP_001395250;
	NP_001395251; NP_001395252; NP_001395253; NP_001395254
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Rho GTPase activating protein 21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP21 gene. ^[5]

Function

ARHGAP21 functions preferentially as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for CDC42 (MIM 116952) and regulates the ARP2/3 complex (MIM 604221) and F-actin dynamics at the Golgi through control of CDC42 activity (Dubois et al., 2005 [PubMed 15793564]). There is little scientific literature on ARHGAP21, but recent reviews highlighted that it plays an important role in cytoskeletal processes in cancer, substance transport within the cell, and insulin secretion ^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000107863 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000036591 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: Rho GTPase activating protein 21". Retrieved 2017-01-30.
^ Rosa LRO; Soares, G. M.; Silveira, L. R.; Boschero, A. C.; Barbosa-Sampaio HCL (2018). "ARHGAP21 as a master regulator of multiple cellular processes". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 233 (11): 8477–8481. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26829. PMID 29856495. S2CID 46919924.

Bassères DS, Tizzei EV, Duarte AA, Costa FF, Saad ST (2002). "ARHGAP10, a novel human gene coding for a potentially cytoskeletal Rho-GTPase activating protein". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294 (3): 579–85. doi: 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00514-4. PMID 12056806.
Dubois T, Paléotti O, Mironov AA, Fraisier V, Stradal TE, De Matteis MA, Franco M, Chavrier P (2005). "Golgi-localized GAP for Cdc42 functions downstream of ARF1 to control Arp2/3 complex and F-actin dynamics". Nat. Cell Biol. 7 (4): 353–64. doi: 10.1038/ncb1244. PMID 15793564. S2CID 37000096.
Grupe A, Li Y, Rowland C, Nowotny P, Hinrichs AL, Smemo S, Kauwe JS, Maxwell TJ, Cherny S, Doil L, Tacey K, van Luchene R, Myers A, Wavrant-De Vrièze F, Kaleem M, Hollingworth P, Jehu L, Foy C, Archer N, Hamilton G, Holmans P, Morris CM, Catanese J, Sninsky J, White TJ, Powell J, Hardy J, O'Donovan M, Lovestone S, Jones L, Morris JC, Thal L, Owen M, Williams J, Goate A (2006). "A scan of chromosome 10 identifies a novel locus showing strong association with late-onset Alzheimer disease". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78 (1): 78–88. doi: 10.1086/498851. PMC 1380225. PMID 16385451.
Ménétrey J, Perderiset M, Cicolari J, Dubois T, Elkhatib N, El Khadali F, Franco M, Chavrier P, Houdusse A (2007). "Structural basis for ARF1-mediated recruitment of ARHGAP21 to Golgi membranes". EMBO J. 26 (7): 1953–62. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601634. PMC 1847662. PMID 17347647.
Bigarella CL, Borges L, Costa FF, Saad ST (2009). "ARHGAP21 modulates FAK activity and impairs glioblastoma cell migration". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1793 (5): 806–16. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.02.010. PMID 19268501.
Anthony DF, Sin YY, Vadrevu S, Advant N, Day JP, Byrne AM, Lynch MJ, Milligan G, Houslay MD, Baillie GS (2011). "β-Arrestin 1 inhibits the GTPase-activating protein function of ARHGAP21, promoting activation of RhoA following angiotensin II type 1A receptor stimulation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 31 (5): 1066–75. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00883-10. PMC 3067824. PMID 21173159.
Wang S, Li H, Chen Y, Wei H, Gao GF, Liu H, Huang S, Chen JL (2012). "Transport of influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) to host cell surface is regulated by ARHGAP21 and Cdc42 proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 287 (13): 9804–16. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.312959. PMC 3323004. PMID 22318733.
Bigarella CL, Ferro KP, Barcellos KS, Martins-de-Souza D, Traina F, Novello JC, Saad ST, Archangelo LF (2012). "Post-translational modification of the RhoGTPase activating protein 21, ARHGAP21, by SUMO2/3". FEBS Lett. 586 (19): 3522–8. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.08.012. PMID 22922005. S2CID 35663132.
Barcellos KS, Bigarella CL, Wagner MV, Vieira KP, Lazarini M, Langford PR, Machado-Neto JA, Call SG, Staley DM, Chung JY, Hansen MD, Saad ST (2013). "ARHGAP21 protein, a new partner of α-tubulin involved in cell-cell adhesion formation and essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition". J. Biol. Chem. 288 (4): 2179–89. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.432716. PMC 3554890. PMID 23235160.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 10 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000107863 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000036591 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: Rho GTPase activating protein 21". Retrieved 2017-01-30.

[ARHGAP21_review-6] Rosa LRO; Soares, G. M.; Silveira, L. R.; Boschero, A. C.; Barbosa-Sampaio HCL (2018). "ARHGAP21 as a master regulator of multiple cellular processes". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 233 (11): 8477–8481. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26829. PMID 29856495. S2CID 46919924.

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