| Revelation 4 | |
|---|---|
 Revelation 3:19-4:3 on
Uncial 0169 from the fourth century. | |
| Book | Book of Revelation |
| Category | Apocalypse |
| Christian Bible part | New Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 27 |
Revelation 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, [1] [2] but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate. [3] This chapter contains an inaugural vision of heaven, portraying the throne room of heaven, [4] and the heavenly worship which the writer observes there. [5] [6]
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 11 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others: [7] [a]
- Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
- Uncial 0169 (4th century; extant verses 1–3)
- Codex Alexandrinus (400-440)
Old Testament references
God on the Throne
God's sovereignty over all things is symbolized by the throne, which visions are found both in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament prophetic tradition (cf. 1 Kings 22:19—23) as well as in some Jewish apocalypses, and in this chapter (echoing Isaiah 6 and Ezekiel 1) is seen as "already fully acknowledged in heaven, and therefore as the true reality which must in the end prevail on earth". [6] Taken up into heaven, John can see that "God's throne is the ultimate reality behind all earthly appearances". [6]
Verse 1
- After these things I looked, and behold, a door standing open in heaven.
- And the first voice which I heard was like a trumpet speaking with me, saying, "Come up here, and I will show you things which must take place after this." [10]
"After these things" refers back to "the entire vision in Revelation 1:10 to Revelation 3:22". [11]
Verse 8
- The four living creatures, each having six wings, were full of eyes around and within. And they do not rest day or night, saying:
- “Holy, holy, holy,
- Lord God Almighty,
- Who was and is and is to come!” [12]
- " Four living creatures": reflecting a combination of the cherubim in Ezekiel 1 and seraphim in Isaiah 6:2, they function as 'the priests of heavenly temple'. [13] Their song is an adaption of Isaiah 6:3 with the incorporation of 'two of the key designations of God' (cf. Revelation 1:4 , 8). [14]
Verse 11
- "You are worthy, O Lord,
- To receive glory and honor and power;
- For You created all things,
- And by Your will they exist and were created." [15]
The depiction of God's sovereignty starts with him as the 'Creator of all things', then as 'Redeemer' to restore his universal sovereignty on earth ( Revelation 5), with the expectation to renew his whole creation in the end ( Revelation 21:5). [14]
See also
- Book of Daniel
- Holy, Holy, Holy! Lord God Almighty, 19th-century English Christian hymn
- John the Apostle
- John's vision of the Son of Man
- Revelation Song
- Tetramorph
- Related Bible parts: Isaiah 6, Ezekiel 1, Revelation 5, Revelation 6
Notes
- ^ The Book of Revelation is missing from Codex Vaticanus. [8]
References
- ^ Davids, Peter H (1982). I Howard Marshall and W Ward Gasque (ed.). New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James (Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. ISBN 0802823882.
- ^ Evans, Craig A (2005). Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. ISBN 0781442281.
- ^ F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
- ^ Revelation 4:1–11: New King James Version
- ^ Revelation 4:1–11: New Revised Standard Version
- ^ a b c Bauckham 2007, p. 1292.
- ^ Elliott, J. K. "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual Criticism Can Help Historians." Union Seminary Quarterly Review 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.
- ^ Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, Codex Vaticanus, accessed 29 September 2018
- ^ "Biblical concordances of Revelation 4 in the 1611 King James Bible".
- ^ Revelation 4:1 NKJV
- ^ Meyer, H. A. W., Meyer's NT Commentary on Revelation 4, accessed 15 October 2018
- ^ Revelation 4:8 NKJV
- ^ Bauckham 2007, pp. 1292–1293.
- ^ a b Bauckham 2007, p. 1293.
- ^ Revelation 4:11 NKJV
Bibliography
- Bauckham, Richard (2007). "81. Revelation". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1287–1306. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
External links
- Revelation 4 King James Bible - Wikisource
- English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate Archived 2019-06-17 at the Wayback Machine
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
|
Bible
chapters ( New Testament) | |
|---|---|
| Places | |
| Persons | |
|
Events/ Terms/ Phrases |
|
| Interpretation | |
| Related | |
| Manuscripts | |
| Sources | |
| Revelation 4 | |
|---|---|
|
Revelation 3:19-4:3 on
Uncial 0169 from the fourth century. | |
| Book | Book of Revelation |
| Category | Apocalypse |
| Christian Bible part | New Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 27 |
Revelation 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, [1] [2] but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate. [3] This chapter contains an inaugural vision of heaven, portraying the throne room of heaven, [4] and the heavenly worship which the writer observes there. [5] [6]
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 11 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others: [7] [a]
- Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
- Uncial 0169 (4th century; extant verses 1–3)
- Codex Alexandrinus (400-440)
Old Testament references
God on the Throne
God's sovereignty over all things is symbolized by the throne, which visions are found both in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament prophetic tradition (cf. 1 Kings 22:19—23) as well as in some Jewish apocalypses, and in this chapter (echoing Isaiah 6 and Ezekiel 1) is seen as "already fully acknowledged in heaven, and therefore as the true reality which must in the end prevail on earth". [6] Taken up into heaven, John can see that "God's throne is the ultimate reality behind all earthly appearances". [6]
Verse 1
- After these things I looked, and behold, a door standing open in heaven.
- And the first voice which I heard was like a trumpet speaking with me, saying, "Come up here, and I will show you things which must take place after this." [10]
"After these things" refers back to "the entire vision in Revelation 1:10 to Revelation 3:22". [11]
Verse 8
- The four living creatures, each having six wings, were full of eyes around and within. And they do not rest day or night, saying:
- “Holy, holy, holy,
- Lord God Almighty,
- Who was and is and is to come!” [12]
- " Four living creatures": reflecting a combination of the cherubim in Ezekiel 1 and seraphim in Isaiah 6:2, they function as 'the priests of heavenly temple'. [13] Their song is an adaption of Isaiah 6:3 with the incorporation of 'two of the key designations of God' (cf. Revelation 1:4 , 8). [14]
Verse 11
- "You are worthy, O Lord,
- To receive glory and honor and power;
- For You created all things,
- And by Your will they exist and were created." [15]
The depiction of God's sovereignty starts with him as the 'Creator of all things', then as 'Redeemer' to restore his universal sovereignty on earth ( Revelation 5), with the expectation to renew his whole creation in the end ( Revelation 21:5). [14]
See also
- Book of Daniel
- Holy, Holy, Holy! Lord God Almighty, 19th-century English Christian hymn
- John the Apostle
- John's vision of the Son of Man
- Revelation Song
- Tetramorph
- Related Bible parts: Isaiah 6, Ezekiel 1, Revelation 5, Revelation 6
Notes
- ^ The Book of Revelation is missing from Codex Vaticanus. [8]
References
- ^ Davids, Peter H (1982). I Howard Marshall and W Ward Gasque (ed.). New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James (Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. ISBN 0802823882.
- ^ Evans, Craig A (2005). Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. ISBN 0781442281.
- ^ F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
- ^ Revelation 4:1–11: New King James Version
- ^ Revelation 4:1–11: New Revised Standard Version
- ^ a b c Bauckham 2007, p. 1292.
- ^ Elliott, J. K. "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual Criticism Can Help Historians." Union Seminary Quarterly Review 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.
- ^ Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, Codex Vaticanus, accessed 29 September 2018
- ^ "Biblical concordances of Revelation 4 in the 1611 King James Bible".
- ^ Revelation 4:1 NKJV
- ^ Meyer, H. A. W., Meyer's NT Commentary on Revelation 4, accessed 15 October 2018
- ^ Revelation 4:8 NKJV
- ^ Bauckham 2007, pp. 1292–1293.
- ^ a b Bauckham 2007, p. 1293.
- ^ Revelation 4:11 NKJV
Bibliography
- Bauckham, Richard (2007). "81. Revelation". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1287–1306. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
External links
- Revelation 4 King James Bible - Wikisource
- English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate Archived 2019-06-17 at the Wayback Machine
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
|
Bible
chapters ( New Testament) | |
|---|---|
| Places | |
| Persons | |
|
Events/ Terms/ Phrases |
|
| Interpretation | |
| Related | |
| Manuscripts | |
| Sources | |