At Italy's instigation, a resolution for a moratorium on the death penalty was presented by the European Union in partnership with eight co-author member States to the General Assembly of the United Nations, calling for general suspension (not abolition) of capital punishment throughout the world. It was twice affirmed: first, on 15 November 2007 by the Third Committee, and then subsequently reaffirmed on 18 December by the United Nations General Assembly resolution 62/149. New Zealand played a central role facilitating agreement between the co-author group and other supporters.

It calls on States that maintain the death penalty to establish a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with a view to abolition, and in the meantime, to restrict the number of offences which it punishes and to respect the rights of those on death row. It also calls on States that have abolished the death penalty not to reintroduce it. Like all General Assembly resolutions, it is not binding on any state.

On 18 December 2007, the United Nations General Assembly voted 104 to 54 in favour of resolution A/RES/62/149, which proclaims a global moratorium on the death penalty, with 29 abstentions (as well as 5 absent at the time of the vote). ^[1] Italy had proposed and sponsored this resolution. After the resolution's approval, Italian Foreign Minister Massimo D'Alema declared: "Now we must start working on the abolition of the death penalty". ^[2]

On 18 December 2008, the General Assembly adopted another resolution (A/RES/63/168) reaffirming its previous call for a global moratorium on capital punishment 106 to 46 (with 34 abstentions and another 6 were absent at the time of the vote). Working in partnership with the EU, New Zealand and Mexico were co-facilitators of the draft text which was developed over a period of six months, which Chile then presented to the UN General Assembly on behalf of cosponsors.

On 21 December 2010, the 65th General Assembly adopted a third resolution (A/RES/65/206) with 109 countries voting in favour, 41 against and 35 abstentions (another seven countries were absent at the time of the vote). ^[3]

On 20 December 2012, the 67th General Assembly adopted a fourth resolution (A/RES/67/176) with 111 countries voting in favour, 41 against and 34 abstentions (another seven countries were absent). ^[4]

On 18 December 2014, the 69th General Assembly adopted a fifth resolution (A/RES/69/186) with 117 countries voting in favour, 38 against and 34 abstentions (another four countries were absent). ^[5]

On 19 December 2016, the 71st General Assembly adopted a sixth resolution (A/RES/71/187) with 117 countries voting in favour, 40 against and 31 abstentions (another five countries were absent). ^[6]

On 16 December 2018, 121 voted in favour of the 7th resolution, 35 against, and 32 abstained. ^[7]

On 16 December 2020, 123 voted in favour of the 8th resolution, 38 against, and 24 abstained. ^[8]

On 15 December 2022, 125 voted in favour of the 9th resolution, 37 against, 22 abstained, and 9 absent. ^[9]

International campaign

Hands Off Cain

The UN moratorium campaign was launched in Italy by the association Hands Off Cain, affiliated to the Nonviolent Radical Party. ^[10] The association against death penalty and torture was founded in Rome in 1993 by former left-wing terrorist and current nonviolent politician and human rights activist Sergio D'Elia, with his first wife Mariateresa Di Lascia and Italian Radicals' liberal leaders Marco Pannella and Emma Bonino (former European Commissioner).

History

In 1994, a resolution for a moratorium was presented for the first time at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) by the Italian government. It lost by eight votes. Since 1997, through Italy's initiative, and since 1999 through the EU's endeavour, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) has been approving a resolution calling for a moratorium on executions with a view to completely abolishing the death penalty, every year. The 2007 vote at the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly saw intense diplomatic activity in favour of the moratorium by EU countries, and by the Nonviolent Radical Party itself; the Catholic Community of Sant'Egidio joined forces by submitting to the U.N. an appeal and 5,000,000 signatures asking for the moratorium to be passed.^{[ citation needed]}.

Full text of resolution 62/149

The General Assembly,

Guided by the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations,

Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ^[a] the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ^[b] and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, ^[c]

Recalling also the resolutions on the question of the death penalty adopted over the past decade by the Commission on Human Rights in all consecutive sessions, the last being its resolution 2005/59 of 20 April 2005, ^[d] in which the Commission called upon states that still maintain the death penalty to abolish it completely and, in the meantime, to establish a moratorium on executions,

Recalling further the important results accomplished by the former Commission of Human Rights on the question of the death penalty, and envisaging that the Human Rights Council could continue to work on this issue,

Considering that the use of the death penalty undermines human dignity, and convinced that a moratorium on the use of the death penalty contributes to the enhancement and progressive development of Human Rights, that there is no conclusive evidence that the death penalty's deterrent value and that any miscarriage or failure of justice in the death penalty's implementation is irreversible and irreparable,

Welcoming the decisions taken by an increasing number of States to apply a moratorium on executions, followed in many cases by the abolition of the death penalty,

1. Expresses its deep concern about the continued application of the death penalty;
2. Calls upon all States that still maintain the death penalty to:
   1. Respect international standards that provide safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, in particular the minimum standards, as set out in the annexe to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May 1984;
   2. Provide the Secretary-General with information relating to the use of Capital Punishment and the observance of the safeguards guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty;
   3. Progressively restrict the use of the death penalty and reduce the number of offences for which it may be imposed;
   4. Establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty;
3. Calls upon States which have abolished the death penalty not to reintroduce it;
4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-third session on the implementation of the present resolution;
5. Decides to continue consideration of the matter at its sixty-third session under the same agenda item.

Full text of resolution 63/168

The General Assembly,

Reaffirming its resolution 62/149 of 18 December 2007 on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty,

Welcoming the decisions taken by an increasing number of States to apply a moratorium on executions and the global trend towards the abolition of the death penalty,

1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 62/149, ^[a] and the conclusions and recommendations contained therein;
2. Requests the Secretary-General to provide a report on progress made in the implementation of resolution 62/149 and the present resolution, for consideration during its sixty-fifth session, and calls upon Member States to provide the Secretary-General with information in this regard;
3. Decides to continue consideration of the matter at its sixty-fifth session under the item entitled "Promotion and protection of human rights".

Full text of resolution 65/206

The General Assembly,

Guided by the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations,

Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ^[a] the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ^[b] and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, ^[c]

Reaffirming its resolutions 62/149 of 18 December 2007 and 63/168 of 18 December 2008 on the question of a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, in which the General Assembly called upon States that still maintain the death penalty to establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing it,

Mindful that any miscarriage or failure of justice in the implementation of the death penalty is irreversible and irreparable,

Convinced that a moratorium on the use of the death penalty contributes to respect for human dignity and to the enhancement and progressive development of human rights, and considering that there is no conclusive evidence of the deterrent value of the death penalty,

Noting ongoing national debates and regional initiatives on the death penalty, as well as the readiness of an increasing number of Member States to make available information on the use of the death penalty,

Noting also the technical cooperation among Member States in relation to moratoriums on the death penalty,

1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 63/168 ^[d] and the recommendations contained therein;
2. Also welcomes the steps taken by some countries to reduce the number of offences for which the death penalty may be imposed and the decisions made by an increasing number of States to apply a moratorium on executions, followed in many cases by the abolition of the death penalty;
3. Calls upon all States:
   1. To respect international standards that provide safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, in particular the minimum standards, as set out in the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50 of 25 May 1984, as well as to provide the Secretary-General with information in this regard;
   2. To make available relevant information with regard to their use of the death penalty, which can contribute to possible informed and transparent national debates;
   3. To progressively restrict the use of the death penalty and to reduce the number of offences for which it may be imposed;
   4. To establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty;
4. Calls upon States which have abolished the death penalty not to reintroduce it, and encourages them to share their experience in this regard;
5. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution;
6. Decides to continue its consideration of the matter at its sixty-seventh session under the item entitled "Promotion and protection of human rights".

Voting record

In favour (104)	Abstaining (29)	Against (54)	Absent (5)
Albania   Algeria   Andorra   Angola   Argentina   Armenia   Australia   Austria   Azerbaijan   Belgium   Benin   Bolivia   Bosnia and Herzegovina   Brazil   Bulgaria   Burkina Faso   Burundi   Cambodia   Canada   Cape Verde   Chile   Colombia   Congo   Costa Rica   Cote D'Ivoire   Croatia   Cyprus   Czech Republic   Denmark   Dominican Republic   Ecuador   El Salvador   Estonia   Finland   France   Gabon   Georgia   Germany   Greece   Guatemala   Haiti   Honduras   Hungary   Iceland   Ireland   Israel   Italy   Kazakhstan   Kiribati   Kyrgyzstan   Latvia   Liechtenstein   Lithuania   Luxembourg   Madagascar   Mali   Malta   Marshall Islands   Mauritius   Mexico   Micronesia (Federated States of)   Monaco   Montenegro   Mozambique   Namibia   Nauru     Nepal   Netherlands   New Zealand   Nicaragua   Norway   Palau   Panama   Paraguay   Philippines   Poland   Portugal   Republic of Moldova   Romania   Russian Federation   Rwanda   Samoa   San Marino   Sao Tome and Principe   Serbia   Slovakia   Slovenia   South Africa   Spain   Sri Lanka   Sweden    Switzerland   Tajikistan   The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia   Timor-Leste   Turkey   Turkmenistan   Tuvalu   Ukraine   United Kingdom   Uruguay   Uzbekistan   Vanuatu   Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	Belarus   Bhutan   Cameroon   Central African Republic   Cuba   Democratic Republic of the Congo   Djibouti   Equatorial Guinea   Eritrea   Fiji   Gambia   Ghana   Guinea   Kenya   Lao People's Democratic Republic   Lebanon   Lesotho   Liberia   Malawi   Morocco   Niger Republic of Korea   Sierra Leone   Swaziland   Togo   United Arab Emirates   United Republic of Tanzania   Viet Nam   Zambia	Afghanistan   Antigua and Barbuda   Bahamas   Bahrain   Bangladesh   Barbados   Belize   Botswana   Brunei Darussalam   Chad   China   Comoros Democratic People's Republic of Korea   Dominica   Egypt   Ethiopia   Grenada   Guyana   India   Indonesia   Iran (Islamic Republic of)   Iraq   Jamaica   Japan   Jordan   Kuwait   Libyan Arab Jamahiriya   Malaysia   Maldives   Mauritania   Mongolia   Myanmar   Nigeria   Oman   Pakistan   Papua New Guinea   Qatar   Saint Kitts and Nevis   Saint Lucia   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines   Saudi Arabia   Singapore   Solomon Islands   Somalia   Sudan   Suriname   Syrian Arab Republic   Thailand   Tonga   Trinidad and Tobago   Uganda   United States of America   Yemen   Zimbabwe	Guinea-Bissau   Peru   Senegal   Seychelles   Tunisia
Observer States:   Holy See

In favour (106)	Abstaining (34)	Against (46)	Absent (6)
Albania   Algeria   Andorra   Angola   Argentina   Armenia   Australia   Austria   Azerbaijan   Belgium   Benin   Bolivia   Bosnia and Herzegovina   Brazil   Bulgaria   Burkina Faso   Burundi   Cambodia   Canada   Cape Verde   Chile   Colombia   Congo   Costa Rica   Cote D'Ivoire   Croatia   Cyprus   Czech Republic   Denmark   Dominican Republic   Ecuador   El Salvador   Estonia   Ethiopia   Finland   France   Gabon   Georgia   Germany   Greece   Guinea-Bissau   Haiti   Honduras   Hungary   Iceland   Ireland   Israel   Italy   Kazakhstan   Kyrgyzstan   Latvia   Liechtenstein   Lithuania   Luxembourg   Madagascar   Mali   Malta   Marshall Islands   Mauritius   Mexico   Micronesia (Federated States of)   Monaco   Montenegro   Mozambique   Namibia   Nauru     Nepal   Netherlands   New Zealand   Nicaragua   Norway   Palau   Panama   Paraguay   Peru   Philippines   Poland   Portugal   Republic of Moldova   Romania   Russian Federation   Rwanda   Samoa   San Marino   Sao Tome and Principe   Serbia   Slovakia   Slovenia   Somalia   South Africa   Spain   Sri Lanka   Sweden    Switzerland   Tajikistan   The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia   Timor-Leste   Turkey   Turkmenistan   Tuvalu   Ukraine   United Kingdom   Uruguay   Uzbekistan   Vanuatu   Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	Bahrain   Belarus   Bhutan   Cameroon   Central African Republic   Cuba   Djibouti   Eritrea   Fiji   Gambia   Ghana   Guatemala   Guinea   Jordan   Kenya   Lao People's Democratic Republic   Lebanon   Lesotho   Liberia   Malawi   Mauritania   Morocco   Niger   Oman   Papua New Guinea Republic of Korea   Senegal   Sierra Leone   Suriname   Togo   United Arab Emirates   United Republic of Tanzania   Viet Nam   Zambia	Afghanistan   Antigua and Barbuda   Bahamas   Bangladesh   Barbados   Belize   Botswana   Brunei Darussalam   China   Comoros Democratic People's Republic of Korea   Dominica   Egypt   Grenada   Guyana   India   Indonesia   Iran (Islamic Republic of)   Iraq   Jamaica   Japan   Kuwait   Libyan Arab Jamahiriya   Malaysia   Maldives   Mongolia   Myanmar   Nigeria   Pakistan   Qatar   Saint Kitts and Nevis   Saint Lucia   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines   Saudi Arabia   Singapore   Solomon Islands   Sudan   Swaziland   Syrian Arab Republic   Thailand   Tonga   Trinidad and Tobago   Uganda   United States of America   Yemen   Zimbabwe	Chad   Democratic Republic of the Congo   Equatorial Guinea   Kiribati   Seychelles   Tunisia
Observer States:   Holy See

In favour (109)	Abstaining (35)	Against (41)	Absent (7)
Albania   Algeria   Andorra   Angola   Argentina   Armenia   Australia   Austria   Azerbaijan   Belgium   Bhutan   Bolivia (Plurinational State of)   Bosnia and Herzegovina   Brazil   Bulgaria   Burkina Faso   Burundi   Cambodia   Canada   Cape Verde   Chile   Colombia   Congo   Costa Rica   Croatia   Cyprus   Czech Republic   Denmark   Dominican Republic   Ecuador   El Salvador   Estonia   Finland   France   Gabon   Gambia   Georgia   Germany   Greece   Guatemala   Guinea-Bissau   Haiti   Honduras   Hungary   Iceland   Ireland   Israel   Italy   Kazakhstan   Kiribati   Kyrgyzstan   Latvia   Liechtenstein   Lithuania   Luxembourg   Madagascar   Maldives   Mali   Malta   Marshall Islands   Mexico   Micronesia (Federated States of)   Monaco   Mongolia   Montenegro   Mozambique   Namibia   Nauru     Nepal   Netherlands   New Zealand   Nicaragua   Norway   Palau   Panama   Paraguay   Peru   Philippines   Poland   Portugal   Republic of Moldova   Romania   Russian Federation   Rwanda   Samoa   San Marino   Sao Tome and Principe   Serbia   Slovakia   Slovenia   Somalia   South Africa   Spain   Sri Lanka   Sweden    Switzerland   Tajikistan   The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia   Timor-Leste   Togo   Turkey   Turkmenistan   Tuvalu   Ukraine   United Kingdom   Uruguay   Uzbekistan   Vanuatu   Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	Bahrain   Belarus   Cameroon   Central African Republic   Comoros   Cuba   Democratic Republic of the Congo   Djibouti   Dominica   Eritrea   Fiji   Ghana   Guinea   Jordan   Kenya   Lao People's Democratic Republic   Lebanon   Lesotho   Liberia   Malawi   Mauritania   Morocco   Niger   Nigeria   Oman Republic of Korea   Senegal   Sierra Leone   Solomon Islands   Suriname   Thailand   United Arab Emirates   United Republic of Tanzania   Viet Nam   Zambia	Afghanistan   Antigua and Barbuda   Bahamas   Bangladesh   Barbados   Belize   Botswana   Brunei Darussalam   China Democratic People's Republic of Korea   Egypt   Ethiopia   Grenada   Guyana   India   Indonesia   Iran (Islamic Republic of)   Iraq   Jamaica   Japan   Kuwait   Libyan Arab Jamahiriya   Malaysia   Myanmar   Pakistan   Papua New Guinea   Qatar   Saint Kitts and Nevis   Saint Lucia   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines   Saudi Arabia   Singapore   Sudan   Swaziland   Tonga   Trinidad and Tobago   Uganda   United States of America   Yemen   Zimbabwe	Benin   Chad   Cote D'Ivoire   Equatorial Guinea   Mauritius   Seychelles   Tunisia
Observer States:   Holy See

See also

• International Commission Against the Death Penalty
• World Coalition Against the Death Penalty

Notes

External links

• Moratoria: Death Penalty Worldwide Academic research database on the laws, practice, and statistics of capital punishment for every death penalty country in the world.
• HandsOffCain.info – official website of Hands Off Cain