| Proto-Micronesian | |
|---|---|
| PMc | |
| Reconstruction of | Micronesian languages |
Reconstructed ancestors | |
| Lower-order reconstructions | |
Proto-Micronesian (abbreviated as PMc) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Micronesian languages. It belongs to the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian languages.
It was first reconstructed in detail by Byron W. Bender in 2003. [1]
Descendants
Proto-Micronesian is the ancestor of almost all of the languages of Micronesia, except for Chamorro, Palauan, Yapese, and the two Polynesian languages of Nukuoro and Kapingamarangi, which are only distantly related to Proto-Micronesian.
With regards to subgrouping by Jackson (1986), it was thought that Nauruan fell outside the Nuclear Micronesian group. However, Hughes (2020) argues instead for the classification of Nauruan as a Nuclear Micronesian language, either as a primary branch of Micronesian, a subgrouping with Kosraean, or belonging within Central Micronesian.
Phonology
The consonants of Proto-Micronesian, according to Jackson, are:
Consonants Labiovelar Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Stop * pʷ * p * t * c * k Nasal * mʷ * m * n * ɲ * ŋ Fricative * f *S * s *Z * x Affricate *T Approximant * w * l * j
The values of *S, *T, and *Z are unknown, the latter only occurring in two words: *kiaZo "outrigger boom" and *laZe "kind of coral".
The vowels of Proto-Micronesian, according to Jackson and Hughes, are:
Example sentence
From Jackson (1986, 205), modified to fit Bender (2003)'s orthography:
*Mʷaane
man
na
that
aramata=ni
person. GEN
sakau.
reef-island
'That man (is) of a reef island.'
Further reading
- Jackson, Frederick (1986), "On determining the external relationships of the Micronesian languages", in Paul Geraghty; Lois Carrington; Stephen A. Wurm (eds.), FOCAL II: Papers from the Fourth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Pacific Linguistics Series C, No. 94, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, pp. 201–238, doi: 10.15144/PL-C94, hdl: 1885/145382.
- Hughes, Kevin (2020). The Synchronic and Diachronic Phonology of Nauruan: Towards a Definitive Classification of an Understudied Micronesian Language (PhD dissertation). City University of New York.
References
- ^ Bender, Byron W. (2003), "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions", Oceanic Linguistics, 42 (1)
External links
| Proto-Micronesian | |
|---|---|
| PMc | |
| Reconstruction of | Micronesian languages |
Reconstructed ancestors | |
| Lower-order reconstructions | |
Proto-Micronesian (abbreviated as PMc) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Micronesian languages. It belongs to the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian languages.
It was first reconstructed in detail by Byron W. Bender in 2003. [1]
Descendants
Proto-Micronesian is the ancestor of almost all of the languages of Micronesia, except for Chamorro, Palauan, Yapese, and the two Polynesian languages of Nukuoro and Kapingamarangi, which are only distantly related to Proto-Micronesian.
With regards to subgrouping by Jackson (1986), it was thought that Nauruan fell outside the Nuclear Micronesian group. However, Hughes (2020) argues instead for the classification of Nauruan as a Nuclear Micronesian language, either as a primary branch of Micronesian, a subgrouping with Kosraean, or belonging within Central Micronesian.
Phonology
The consonants of Proto-Micronesian, according to Jackson, are:
Consonants Labiovelar Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Stop * pʷ * p * t * c * k Nasal * mʷ * m * n * ɲ * ŋ Fricative * f *S * s *Z * x Affricate *T Approximant * w * l * j
The values of *S, *T, and *Z are unknown, the latter only occurring in two words: *kiaZo "outrigger boom" and *laZe "kind of coral".
The vowels of Proto-Micronesian, according to Jackson and Hughes, are:
Example sentence
From Jackson (1986, 205), modified to fit Bender (2003)'s orthography:
*Mʷaane
man
na
that
aramata=ni
person. GEN
sakau.
reef-island
'That man (is) of a reef island.'
Further reading
- Jackson, Frederick (1986), "On determining the external relationships of the Micronesian languages", in Paul Geraghty; Lois Carrington; Stephen A. Wurm (eds.), FOCAL II: Papers from the Fourth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Pacific Linguistics Series C, No. 94, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, pp. 201–238, doi: 10.15144/PL-C94, hdl: 1885/145382.
- Hughes, Kevin (2020). The Synchronic and Diachronic Phonology of Nauruan: Towards a Definitive Classification of an Understudied Micronesian Language (PhD dissertation). City University of New York.
References
- ^ Bender, Byron W. (2003), "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions", Oceanic Linguistics, 42 (1)