Shunga is a Japanese term for
erotic art. Most shunga are a type of
ukiyo-e, usually executed in
woodblock print format. While rare, there are extant erotic painted handscrolls which predate the Ukiyo-e movement. Translated literally, the Japanese word shunga means picture of spring; "spring" is a common euphemism for sex. The ukiyo-e movement as a whole sought to express an idealisation of contemporary urban life. Following the aesthetics of everyday life,
Edo period shunga sought to express the sexual mores of the
chōnin in the widest variety of forms possible, and therefore depicted
heterosexual and
homosexual, old and young alike, as well as a wide range of
fetishes. In the Edo period it was enjoyed by rich and poor, men and women, and despite being out of favour with the shogunate, carried very little stigma. Almost all ukiyo-e artists made shunga at some point in their careers, and it did not detract from their prestige as artists. Classifying shunga as a kind of
medievalpornography can be misleading in this respect. Shunga has its origins in China. It is thought that shunga were initially inspired by illustrations in Chinese medical manuals, a process which had its origins in the
Muromachi era (1336 to 1573).
Zhou Fang, the great
T'ang dynasty Chinese erotic painter, is thought to also have been influential. He, like many erotic artists of his time and place, tended to exaggerate the size of the genital organs, a common shunga topos. While the literal meaning of the word, 'shunga,' is significant, it is in fact a contraction of, 'shunkyu-higa,' the Japanese name for Chinese sets of twelve scrolls depicting the twelve sexual acts that the
crown prince had to carry out as an expression of yin–yang. (Full article...)
A registration card for
Louis Wijnhamer (1904–1975), an ethnic Dutch humanitarian who was captured soon after the Empire of Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies in March 1942. Prior to the occupation, many ethnic Europeans had refused to leave, expecting the Japanese occupation government to keep a Dutch administration in place. When Japanese troops took control of government infrastructure and services such as ports and postal services, 100,000 European (and some Chinese) civilians were interned in prisoner-of-war camps where the death rates were between 13 and 30 per cent. Wijnhamer was interned in a series of camps throughout Southeast Asia and, after the
surrender of Japan, returned to what was now Indonesia, where he lived until his death.
Banknotes:
Empire of Japan. Reproduction: National Numismatic Collection, National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution
The Japanese-issued Netherlands Indies gulden was the currency issued by the
Japanese Empire when it occupied the
Dutch East Indies during World War II. Following the Dutch capitulation in March 1942, the Japanese closed all banks, seized assets and currency, and assumed control of the economy in the territory. They began issuing
military banknotes, as had previously been done in other occupied territories. These were printed in Japan, but retained the name of the pre-war currency and replaced the Dutch gulden at par. From 1943 the military banknotes were replaced by identical bank-issued notes printed within the territory, and the currency was renamed the roepiah from 1944. The currency was replaced by the
Indonesian rupiah in 1946, one year after the Japanese surrender and the country's independence.
This note, denominated five cents, is part of the 1942 series.
Before the outbreak of World War I, German naval ships were located in the Pacific; Tsingtao developed into a major seaport while the surrounding
Kiautschou Bay area was
leased to Germany since 1898. During the war, Japanese and British
Allied troops
besieged the port in 1914 before capturing it from the German and Austro-Hungarian
Central Powers, occupying the city and the surrounding region. It served as a base for the exploitation of the natural resources of
Shandong province and northern China, and a "New City District" was established to furnish the Japanese colonists with commercial sections and living quarters. Tsingtao eventually reverted to Chinese rule by 1922.
Prunus serrulata (Japanese Cherry) is a species of
cherry native to
Japan,
Korea and
China. Its
flowers are produced in clusters of two to five together at nodes on short spurs in spring. They are white to pink, with five petals in the wild type tree.
The Japanese government-issued dollar was a form of currency issued between 1942 and 1945 for use within the territories of Singapore, Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei, under occupation by
Imperial Japan during World War II. The currency, informally referred to as "banana money", was released solely in the form of banknotes, as metals were considered essential to the war effort. The languages used on the notes were reduced to English and Japanese. Each note bears a different obverse and reverse design, but all have a similar layout, and were marked with stamped block letters that begin with "M" for "Malaya". This 1944 one-hundred-dollar Japanese-issued banknote, depicting a
Malay house with
palm trees on the obverse, and a man with
water buffaloes in a stream on the reverse, is part of the
National Numismatic Collection at the
Smithsonian Institution.
Other denominations: '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000011-QINU`"'
The siege of Osaka was a series of battles undertaken by the Japanese
Tokugawa shogunate against the
Toyotomi clan, and ending in the clan's dissolution. Divided into two stages (the winter campaign and the summer campaign), and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege put an end to the last major armed opposition to the shogunate's establishment. This eight-metre-long (26 ft) painting, titled The Summer Battle of Osaka Castle and executed on a
Japanese folding screen, illustrates
Osaka Castle under siege, and was commissioned by the daimyoKuroda Nagamasa, who took a team of painters with him to the battlefield to record the event. The painting depicts 5071 people and 21 generals, and is held in the collection of Osaka Castle.
Asahi Breweries is a Japanese global beer, spirits, soft drinks and food business group. This photograph, taken during the
blue hour with a full moon, shows the headquarters of Asahi Breweries in
Sumida, Tokyo, as viewed from the wharf on the
Sumida River near Azuma Bridge. The
Asahi Beer Hall, topped by the Asahi Flame, designed by
Philippe Starck, is visible on the right, with the
Tokyo Skytree in the background on the left.
A
geisha at work lighting a client's cigar. Geisha are often hired to attend parties and gatherings, traditionally at
tea houses or at traditional
Japanese restaurants.
Kumiko Kōda (神田 來未子, Kōda Kumiko, born November 13, 1982), known professionally as Koda Kumi (倖田 來未, Kōda Kumi), is a Japanese singer from
Kyoto, known for her
urban and
R&B songs.
After debuting with the single "
Take Back" in December 2000, Koda gained fame in March 2003 when the songs from her seventh single, "
Real Emotion/1000 no Kotoba", were used as themes for the video game Final Fantasy X-2. Her popularity grew with the release of her fourth studio album Secret (2005), her sixteenth single "
Butterfly" (2005), and her first
greatest hits album Best: First Things (2005), reaching the number-three, number-two, and number-one spots respectively. (Full article...)
Yamaguchi Prefecture is a
prefecture of
Japan located in the
Chūgoku region on
Honshūisland. The capital is the city of
Yamaguchi located in the center of the Prefecture. The largest city, by contrast, is
Shimonoseki. Yamaguchi Prefecture was formerly divided into
Nagato and
Suō provinces. It was ruled by the
Mōri clan domain during the
Sengoku period. After Commodore
Matthew Perry's opening of Japan, clans from Nagato (also called
Chōshū) played a key role in the fall of the
Tokugawashogunate and the new imperial government. One of the prefecture's major attractions is the famous
Kintai Bridge in the town of
Iwakuni. This five arced wooden structure is considered a symbol of Western Honshū. The area on the banks of the Nishiki river close to the bridge is considered among the best places in Japan for
Hanami, when groups of family and friends gather in early April to view Cherry Blossoms. Thirteen cities lie within the prefecture's boundaries, including the capital
Yamaguchi and
Shimonoseki, the prefecture's largest city. There are also four
districts comprising seven towns.
The following are images from various Japan-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1Japanese experts inspect the scene of the alleged railway sabotage on South Manchurian Railway that led to the
Mukden Incident and the Japanese occupation of Manchuria. (from History of Japan)
Image 6A social hierarchy chart based on old academic theories. Such hierarchical diagrams were removed from Japanese textbooks after various studies in the 1990s revealed that peasants, craftsmen, and merchants were in fact equal and merely social categories. Successive shoguns held the highest or near-highest
court ranks, higher than most court nobles. (from History of Japan)
Image 8The Kuril Islands, with their Russian names. The borders of the Treaty of Shimoda (1855) and the Treaty of St. Petersburg (1875) are shown in red. Currently, all islands northeast of Hokkaido are administered by Russia. (from Geography of Japan)
Image 12Minamoto no Yoritomo was the founder of the Kamakura shogunate in 1192. This was the first
military government in which the shogun with the
samurai were the de facto rulers of Japan. (from History of Japan)
Image 61Samurai could
kill a commoner for the slightest insult and were widely feared by the Japanese population. Edo period, 1798. (from History of Japan)
Image 62Map showing the territories of major daimyō families around 1570 CE (from History of Japan)
Image 71Mount Aso 4 pyroclastic flow and the spread of Aso 4 tephra (90,000 to 85,000 years ago). The pyroclastic flow reached almost the whole area of Kyushu, and volcanic ash was deposited of 15 cm in a wide area from Kyushu to southern Hokkaido. (from Geography of Japan)
Image 73The Black Ship Portuguese traders that came from
Goa and Macau once a year (from History of Japan)
Image 74Relief map of the land and the seabed of Japan. It shows the surface and underwater terrain of the Japanese archipelago. (from Geography of Japan)
This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by
JL-Bot (
talk·contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is
tagged (e.g. {{
WikiProject Japan}}) or
categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See
WP:RECOG for configuration options.
Shunga is a Japanese term for
erotic art. Most shunga are a type of
ukiyo-e, usually executed in
woodblock print format. While rare, there are extant erotic painted handscrolls which predate the Ukiyo-e movement. Translated literally, the Japanese word shunga means picture of spring; "spring" is a common euphemism for sex. The ukiyo-e movement as a whole sought to express an idealisation of contemporary urban life. Following the aesthetics of everyday life,
Edo period shunga sought to express the sexual mores of the
chōnin in the widest variety of forms possible, and therefore depicted
heterosexual and
homosexual, old and young alike, as well as a wide range of
fetishes. In the Edo period it was enjoyed by rich and poor, men and women, and despite being out of favour with the shogunate, carried very little stigma. Almost all ukiyo-e artists made shunga at some point in their careers, and it did not detract from their prestige as artists. Classifying shunga as a kind of
medievalpornography can be misleading in this respect. Shunga has its origins in China. It is thought that shunga were initially inspired by illustrations in Chinese medical manuals, a process which had its origins in the
Muromachi era (1336 to 1573).
Zhou Fang, the great
T'ang dynasty Chinese erotic painter, is thought to also have been influential. He, like many erotic artists of his time and place, tended to exaggerate the size of the genital organs, a common shunga topos. While the literal meaning of the word, 'shunga,' is significant, it is in fact a contraction of, 'shunkyu-higa,' the Japanese name for Chinese sets of twelve scrolls depicting the twelve sexual acts that the
crown prince had to carry out as an expression of yin–yang. (Full article...)
A registration card for
Louis Wijnhamer (1904–1975), an ethnic Dutch humanitarian who was captured soon after the Empire of Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies in March 1942. Prior to the occupation, many ethnic Europeans had refused to leave, expecting the Japanese occupation government to keep a Dutch administration in place. When Japanese troops took control of government infrastructure and services such as ports and postal services, 100,000 European (and some Chinese) civilians were interned in prisoner-of-war camps where the death rates were between 13 and 30 per cent. Wijnhamer was interned in a series of camps throughout Southeast Asia and, after the
surrender of Japan, returned to what was now Indonesia, where he lived until his death.
Banknotes:
Empire of Japan. Reproduction: National Numismatic Collection, National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution
The Japanese-issued Netherlands Indies gulden was the currency issued by the
Japanese Empire when it occupied the
Dutch East Indies during World War II. Following the Dutch capitulation in March 1942, the Japanese closed all banks, seized assets and currency, and assumed control of the economy in the territory. They began issuing
military banknotes, as had previously been done in other occupied territories. These were printed in Japan, but retained the name of the pre-war currency and replaced the Dutch gulden at par. From 1943 the military banknotes were replaced by identical bank-issued notes printed within the territory, and the currency was renamed the roepiah from 1944. The currency was replaced by the
Indonesian rupiah in 1946, one year after the Japanese surrender and the country's independence.
This note, denominated five cents, is part of the 1942 series.
Before the outbreak of World War I, German naval ships were located in the Pacific; Tsingtao developed into a major seaport while the surrounding
Kiautschou Bay area was
leased to Germany since 1898. During the war, Japanese and British
Allied troops
besieged the port in 1914 before capturing it from the German and Austro-Hungarian
Central Powers, occupying the city and the surrounding region. It served as a base for the exploitation of the natural resources of
Shandong province and northern China, and a "New City District" was established to furnish the Japanese colonists with commercial sections and living quarters. Tsingtao eventually reverted to Chinese rule by 1922.
Prunus serrulata (Japanese Cherry) is a species of
cherry native to
Japan,
Korea and
China. Its
flowers are produced in clusters of two to five together at nodes on short spurs in spring. They are white to pink, with five petals in the wild type tree.
The Japanese government-issued dollar was a form of currency issued between 1942 and 1945 for use within the territories of Singapore, Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei, under occupation by
Imperial Japan during World War II. The currency, informally referred to as "banana money", was released solely in the form of banknotes, as metals were considered essential to the war effort. The languages used on the notes were reduced to English and Japanese. Each note bears a different obverse and reverse design, but all have a similar layout, and were marked with stamped block letters that begin with "M" for "Malaya". This 1944 one-hundred-dollar Japanese-issued banknote, depicting a
Malay house with
palm trees on the obverse, and a man with
water buffaloes in a stream on the reverse, is part of the
National Numismatic Collection at the
Smithsonian Institution.
Other denominations: '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000011-QINU`"'
The siege of Osaka was a series of battles undertaken by the Japanese
Tokugawa shogunate against the
Toyotomi clan, and ending in the clan's dissolution. Divided into two stages (the winter campaign and the summer campaign), and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege put an end to the last major armed opposition to the shogunate's establishment. This eight-metre-long (26 ft) painting, titled The Summer Battle of Osaka Castle and executed on a
Japanese folding screen, illustrates
Osaka Castle under siege, and was commissioned by the daimyoKuroda Nagamasa, who took a team of painters with him to the battlefield to record the event. The painting depicts 5071 people and 21 generals, and is held in the collection of Osaka Castle.
Asahi Breweries is a Japanese global beer, spirits, soft drinks and food business group. This photograph, taken during the
blue hour with a full moon, shows the headquarters of Asahi Breweries in
Sumida, Tokyo, as viewed from the wharf on the
Sumida River near Azuma Bridge. The
Asahi Beer Hall, topped by the Asahi Flame, designed by
Philippe Starck, is visible on the right, with the
Tokyo Skytree in the background on the left.
A
geisha at work lighting a client's cigar. Geisha are often hired to attend parties and gatherings, traditionally at
tea houses or at traditional
Japanese restaurants.
Kumiko Kōda (神田 來未子, Kōda Kumiko, born November 13, 1982), known professionally as Koda Kumi (倖田 來未, Kōda Kumi), is a Japanese singer from
Kyoto, known for her
urban and
R&B songs.
After debuting with the single "
Take Back" in December 2000, Koda gained fame in March 2003 when the songs from her seventh single, "
Real Emotion/1000 no Kotoba", were used as themes for the video game Final Fantasy X-2. Her popularity grew with the release of her fourth studio album Secret (2005), her sixteenth single "
Butterfly" (2005), and her first
greatest hits album Best: First Things (2005), reaching the number-three, number-two, and number-one spots respectively. (Full article...)
Yamaguchi Prefecture is a
prefecture of
Japan located in the
Chūgoku region on
Honshūisland. The capital is the city of
Yamaguchi located in the center of the Prefecture. The largest city, by contrast, is
Shimonoseki. Yamaguchi Prefecture was formerly divided into
Nagato and
Suō provinces. It was ruled by the
Mōri clan domain during the
Sengoku period. After Commodore
Matthew Perry's opening of Japan, clans from Nagato (also called
Chōshū) played a key role in the fall of the
Tokugawashogunate and the new imperial government. One of the prefecture's major attractions is the famous
Kintai Bridge in the town of
Iwakuni. This five arced wooden structure is considered a symbol of Western Honshū. The area on the banks of the Nishiki river close to the bridge is considered among the best places in Japan for
Hanami, when groups of family and friends gather in early April to view Cherry Blossoms. Thirteen cities lie within the prefecture's boundaries, including the capital
Yamaguchi and
Shimonoseki, the prefecture's largest city. There are also four
districts comprising seven towns.
The following are images from various Japan-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1Japanese experts inspect the scene of the alleged railway sabotage on South Manchurian Railway that led to the
Mukden Incident and the Japanese occupation of Manchuria. (from History of Japan)
Image 6A social hierarchy chart based on old academic theories. Such hierarchical diagrams were removed from Japanese textbooks after various studies in the 1990s revealed that peasants, craftsmen, and merchants were in fact equal and merely social categories. Successive shoguns held the highest or near-highest
court ranks, higher than most court nobles. (from History of Japan)
Image 8The Kuril Islands, with their Russian names. The borders of the Treaty of Shimoda (1855) and the Treaty of St. Petersburg (1875) are shown in red. Currently, all islands northeast of Hokkaido are administered by Russia. (from Geography of Japan)
Image 12Minamoto no Yoritomo was the founder of the Kamakura shogunate in 1192. This was the first
military government in which the shogun with the
samurai were the de facto rulers of Japan. (from History of Japan)
Image 61Samurai could
kill a commoner for the slightest insult and were widely feared by the Japanese population. Edo period, 1798. (from History of Japan)
Image 62Map showing the territories of major daimyō families around 1570 CE (from History of Japan)
Image 71Mount Aso 4 pyroclastic flow and the spread of Aso 4 tephra (90,000 to 85,000 years ago). The pyroclastic flow reached almost the whole area of Kyushu, and volcanic ash was deposited of 15 cm in a wide area from Kyushu to southern Hokkaido. (from Geography of Japan)
Image 73The Black Ship Portuguese traders that came from
Goa and Macau once a year (from History of Japan)
Image 74Relief map of the land and the seabed of Japan. It shows the surface and underwater terrain of the Japanese archipelago. (from Geography of Japan)
This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by
JL-Bot (
talk·contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is
tagged (e.g. {{
WikiProject Japan}}) or
categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See
WP:RECOG for configuration options.
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