Barnard's Star is a very low-mass star in the constellation Ophiuchus which was discovered by the astronomer E. E. Barnard in 1916. Barnard measured its proper motion to 10.3 arcseconds per year, which remains the largest known proper motion of any star relative to the Sun. Lying at a distance of about 1.8 parsecs or 5.96 light-years, Barnard's Star is the second closest known star system to the Sun and the fourth closest known individual star after the three components of the Alpha Centauri system.

Barnard's Star is a relatively well-studied astronomical object, and has likely received more attention than any other M dwarf star given its proximity and favourable location for observation near the celestial equator. It has also been the subject of some controversy. For a decade from the early 1960s onward, an erroneous discovery of a planet or planets in orbit around Barnard's star was accepted by astronomers. It is also notable as the target for a study on the possibility of rapid, unmanned travel to nearby star systems. Research has focused on stellar characteristics, astrometry, and refining the limits of possible planets.

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A binary star is a stellar system consisting of two stars orbiting around their center of mass. For each star, the other is its companion star. Recent research suggests that a large percentage of stars are part of systems with at least two stars. Binary star systems are very important in astrophysics, because observing their mutual orbits allows their mass to be determined. The masses of many single stars can then be determined by extrapolations made from the observation of binaries.

Binary stars are not the same as optical double stars, which appear to be close together as seen from Earth, but may not be bound by gravity. Binary stars can either be distinguished optically (visual binaries) or by indirect techniques, such as spectroscopy. If binaries happen to orbit in a plane containing our line of sight, they will eclipse each other; these are called eclipsing binaries.

The components of binary star systems can exchange mass, bringing their evolution to stages that single stars cannot attain. Examples of binaries are Algol (an eclipsing binary), Sirius, and Cygnus X-1 (of which one member is probably a black hole).

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The Cat's Eye Nebula ( NGC 6543) is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Draco. Structurally, it is one of the most complex nebulae known, with high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope observations revealing remarkable structures such as knots, jets and sinewy arc-like features.

It was discovered by William Herschel on February 15, 1786, and was the first planetary nebula whose spectrum was investigated, by the English amateur astronomer William Huggins in 1864.

Modern studies reveal several mysteries. The intricacy of the structure may be caused in part by material ejected from a binary central star, but as yet, there is no direct evidence that the central star has a companion. Also, measurements of chemical abundances reveal a large discrepancy between measurements done by two different methods, the cause of which is uncertain.

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Comet Hyakutake ( Japanese: 百武彗星 Hyakutake suisei, IPA [çakɯtake sɯiseː]; formally designated C/1996 B2) is a comet that was discovered in January 1996, and passed very close to the Earth in March of that year. It was dubbed The Great Comet of 1996, and was one of the closest cometary approaches to the Earth in the previous 200 years, resulting in the comet appearing very bright in the night sky and being seen by a large number of people around the world. The comet temporarily upstaged the long-awaited Comet Hale–Bopp, which was approaching the inner Solar System at the time, although Hyakutake was at its brightest for only a few days.

Scientific observations of the comet led to several notable discoveries. Most surprising to cometary scientists was the discovery of X-ray emission from the comet, the first time a comet had been found to be emitting X-rays. This emission is believed to be caused by ionised solar wind particles interacting with neutral atoms in the coma of the comet. The Ulysses spacecraft also unexpectedly crossed the comet's tail at a distance of more than 500 million km from the nucleus, showing that Hyakutake had the longest tail yet known for a comet.

Hyakutake is a long-period comet. Before its most recent passage through the Solar System, its orbital period was about 15,000 years, but the gravitational influence of the giant planets has now increased this to 72,000 years.

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  Space Shuttle Columbia launches at Space Shuttle program, by NASA
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  Wernher von Braun and the Saturn V engines at Saturn V, by NASA
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  Buzz Aldrin on the Moon at Apollo 11, by Neil Armstrong
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  Apollo 17 on the launch pad at Apollo 17, by NASA
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  International Space Station, by NASA
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  Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, by NASA
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  Space Shuttle launch plume shadow at Space Shuttle program by NASA (edited by Fir0002)

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  Moon, by Mkfairdpm
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  Persian astrolabe at Astrolabe, by Andrew Dunn
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  Distance between Earth and Moon at the Moon's orbit by Nickshanks
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  Solar eclipse, by Luc Viatour (edited by Diliff)
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  433 Eros, by NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft
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  Io, by Galileo probe
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  Sombrero Galaxy M104, by Hubble Space Telescope
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  Kepler's Supernova (SN 1604), by Spitzer Space Telescope, Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory
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  Mars, by Viking 1 orbiter
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  Sunspot, by TRACE space telescope
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  Atmosphere of Jupiter at Jupiter, by Voyager 1 spacecraft
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  Dione and Saturn at Dione, by Cassini orbiter
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  Deep Impact Probe Collision at Deep Impact, by NASA
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  Eagle Nebula, by Hubble Space Telescope
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  Jupiter, by Cassini orbiter
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  Earthrise as seen by Apollo 8, by William Anders
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  Comet Hale–Bopp by Philipp Salzgeber
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  Orion Nebula, by Hubble Space Telescope
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  Crab Nebula, by Hubble Space Telescope
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  Victoria Crater, by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter