This article needs additional citations for
verification. (January 2007) |
Manchukuo was a puppet state set up by the Empire of Japan in Manchuria which existed from 1931 to 1945. The Manchukuo regime was established four months after the Japanese withdrawal from Shanghai with Puyi as the nominal but powerless head of state [1] to add some semblance of legitimacy, as he was a former emperor and an ethnic Manchu.
Manchukuo was proclaimed a monarchy on 1 March 1934, with former Qing dynasty emperor Puyi assuming the Manchukuo throne under the reign name of Emperor Kang-de. An imperial rescript issued the same day, promulgated the organic law of the new state, establishing a Privy Council, a Legislative Council and the General Affairs State Council to "advise and assist the emperor in the discharge of his duties". The Privy Council was an appointive body consisting of Puyi's closest friends and confidants, and the Legislative Council was largely an honorary body without authority. The State Council was therefore the center of political power in Manchukuo. The organic law was largely an abridged version of the Imperial Japanese Constitution, with an important difference being the lack of any mention of civil rights and the increased authority of the Privy Council. As with all other aspects of Manchukuo, the government was purely ceremonial and existed to authenticate the puppet state rather than to rule the people of Manchukuo. True authority remained in the hands of the Kwantung Army.
Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister | 9 March 1932 | 21 May 1935 | ||
21 May 1935 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of Foreign Affairs | 1932 | 1935 | ||
1935 | May 1937 | |||
May 1937 | July 1937 | |||
July 1937 | April 1938 | |||
April 1938 | May 1940 | |||
May 1940 | September 1942 | |||
September 1942 | April 1944 | |||
April 1944 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of Defense | 9 March 1932 | 7 April 1932 | ||
7 April 1932 | 20 May 1935 | |||
21 May 1935 | 24 April 1939 | |||
24 April 1939 | September 1942 | |||
September 1942 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of the Interior | 21 May 1935 | 18 August 1945 | ||
Minister of Finance | 9 March 1932 | 21 May 1935 | ||
21 May 1935 | September 1942 | |||
May 1937 | May 1940 | |||
May 1940 | September 1942 | |||
September 1942 | April 1944 | |||
December 1944 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of Economic Affairs | March 1932 | May 1935 | ||
May 1935 | May 1937 | |||
May 1937 | May 1940 | |||
May 1940 | September 1942 | |||
September 1942 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of Transport | March 1932 | March 1935 | ||
March 1935 | December 1940 | |||
December 1940 | September 1942 | |||
January 1941 | September 1942 | |||
Minister of Health | March 1932 | March 1935 | ||
March 1935 | May 1937 | |||
May 1937 | May 1940 | |||
May 1940 | January 1941 | |||
January 1941 | September 1942 | |||
September 1942 | December 1944 | |||
April 1944 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of Education | May 1935 | July 1937 | ||
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal | March 1934 | December 1934 | ||
February 1935 | April 1944 | |||
April 1944 | 18 August 1945 |
During his administration, the Kangde Emperor, in an interview with foreign journalists, mentioned his interest in forming a political party with Confucian doctrines. The Japanese "native" establishment, however, organized some right-wing and nationalist parties, in the Shōwa militarist mould. Such movements, which had official status, were:
No. | Portrait | Commander | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Shigeru Honjō (1876–1945) | General1 August 1931 | 8 August 1932 | 1 year, 7 days | |
2 | Nobuyoshi Mutō (1868–1933) | Field Marshal8 August 1932 | 27 July 1933 † | 353 days | |
3 | Takashi Hishikari (1871–1952) | General29 July 1933 | 10 December 1934 | 1 year, 134 days | |
4 | Jirō Minami (1874–1955) | General10 December 1934 | 6 March 1936 | 1 year, 87 days | |
5 | Kenkichi Ueda (1875–1962) | General6 March 1936 | 7 September 1939 | 3 years, 185 days | |
6 | Yoshijirō Umezu (1882–1949) | General7 September 1939 | 18 July 1944 | 4 years, 315 days | |
7 | Otozō Yamada (1881–1965) | General18 July 1944 | 11 August 1945 | 1 year, 24 days |
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1996),
The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, New York, pp.
282,
ISBN
0-521-66991-X{{
citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
This article needs additional citations for
verification. (January 2007) |
Manchukuo was a puppet state set up by the Empire of Japan in Manchuria which existed from 1931 to 1945. The Manchukuo regime was established four months after the Japanese withdrawal from Shanghai with Puyi as the nominal but powerless head of state [1] to add some semblance of legitimacy, as he was a former emperor and an ethnic Manchu.
Manchukuo was proclaimed a monarchy on 1 March 1934, with former Qing dynasty emperor Puyi assuming the Manchukuo throne under the reign name of Emperor Kang-de. An imperial rescript issued the same day, promulgated the organic law of the new state, establishing a Privy Council, a Legislative Council and the General Affairs State Council to "advise and assist the emperor in the discharge of his duties". The Privy Council was an appointive body consisting of Puyi's closest friends and confidants, and the Legislative Council was largely an honorary body without authority. The State Council was therefore the center of political power in Manchukuo. The organic law was largely an abridged version of the Imperial Japanese Constitution, with an important difference being the lack of any mention of civil rights and the increased authority of the Privy Council. As with all other aspects of Manchukuo, the government was purely ceremonial and existed to authenticate the puppet state rather than to rule the people of Manchukuo. True authority remained in the hands of the Kwantung Army.
Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister | 9 March 1932 | 21 May 1935 | ||
21 May 1935 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of Foreign Affairs | 1932 | 1935 | ||
1935 | May 1937 | |||
May 1937 | July 1937 | |||
July 1937 | April 1938 | |||
April 1938 | May 1940 | |||
May 1940 | September 1942 | |||
September 1942 | April 1944 | |||
April 1944 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of Defense | 9 March 1932 | 7 April 1932 | ||
7 April 1932 | 20 May 1935 | |||
21 May 1935 | 24 April 1939 | |||
24 April 1939 | September 1942 | |||
September 1942 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of the Interior | 21 May 1935 | 18 August 1945 | ||
Minister of Finance | 9 March 1932 | 21 May 1935 | ||
21 May 1935 | September 1942 | |||
May 1937 | May 1940 | |||
May 1940 | September 1942 | |||
September 1942 | April 1944 | |||
December 1944 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of Economic Affairs | March 1932 | May 1935 | ||
May 1935 | May 1937 | |||
May 1937 | May 1940 | |||
May 1940 | September 1942 | |||
September 1942 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of Transport | March 1932 | March 1935 | ||
March 1935 | December 1940 | |||
December 1940 | September 1942 | |||
January 1941 | September 1942 | |||
Minister of Health | March 1932 | March 1935 | ||
March 1935 | May 1937 | |||
May 1937 | May 1940 | |||
May 1940 | January 1941 | |||
January 1941 | September 1942 | |||
September 1942 | December 1944 | |||
April 1944 | 18 August 1945 | |||
Minister of Education | May 1935 | July 1937 | ||
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal | March 1934 | December 1934 | ||
February 1935 | April 1944 | |||
April 1944 | 18 August 1945 |
During his administration, the Kangde Emperor, in an interview with foreign journalists, mentioned his interest in forming a political party with Confucian doctrines. The Japanese "native" establishment, however, organized some right-wing and nationalist parties, in the Shōwa militarist mould. Such movements, which had official status, were:
No. | Portrait | Commander | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Shigeru Honjō (1876–1945) | General1 August 1931 | 8 August 1932 | 1 year, 7 days | |
2 | Nobuyoshi Mutō (1868–1933) | Field Marshal8 August 1932 | 27 July 1933 † | 353 days | |
3 | Takashi Hishikari (1871–1952) | General29 July 1933 | 10 December 1934 | 1 year, 134 days | |
4 | Jirō Minami (1874–1955) | General10 December 1934 | 6 March 1936 | 1 year, 87 days | |
5 | Kenkichi Ueda (1875–1962) | General6 March 1936 | 7 September 1939 | 3 years, 185 days | |
6 | Yoshijirō Umezu (1882–1949) | General7 September 1939 | 18 July 1944 | 4 years, 315 days | |
7 | Otozō Yamada (1881–1965) | General18 July 1944 | 11 August 1945 | 1 year, 24 days |
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1996),
The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, New York, pp.
282,
ISBN
0-521-66991-X{{
citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)