| Poecilochroa | |
|---|---|
| |
| Poecilochroa sp. from Saul Kere, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Gnaphosidae |
| Genus: |
Poecilochroa Westring, 1874 [1] |
| Type species | |
|
P. variana (
C. L. Koch, 1839)
| |
| Species | |
|
39, see text | |
Poecilochroa is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1874. [2]
Description
As Gnaphosidae, Poecilochroa have large cylindrical spinnerets. They are nocturnal, spending the day in silken retreats and going out at night to hunt. [3]
Poecilochroa are divided into two gnaphosid groups based on their abdomen colouration: those with plain abdomens are in the Echemus group, while those with black and white abdomen are in the Herpyllus group. Males of both groups have well-developed dorsal scuta. [4]
Habitat
Poecilochroa occur in various habitats including on and under stones and dead leaves, on vegetation, in steppes, grasslands, dry fields, stream beds and forest floors. [5] [6]
Species
As of May 2019 [update] it contains thirty-nine species and one subspecies: [1]
- Poecilochroa albomaculata (Lucas, 1846) – Western Mediterranean
- Poecilochroa alcala Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- Poecilochroa anomala (Hewitt, 1915) – South Africa
- Poecilochroa antineae Fage, 1929 – Mali
- Poecilochroa barmani Tikader, 1982 – India
- Poecilochroa behni Thorell, 1891 – India (Nicobar Is.)
- Poecilochroa bifasciata Banks, 1902 – Ecuador (Galapagos Is.)
- Poecilochroa capensis Strand, 1909 – South Africa
- Poecilochroa carinata Caporiacco, 1947 – Uganda
- Poecilochroa dayamibrookiana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- Poecilochroa devendrai Gajbe & Rane, 1985 – India
- Poecilochroa faradjensis Lessert, 1929 – Congo
- Poecilochroa furcata Simon, 1914 – France, Italy, Greece
- Poecilochroa golan Levy, 1999 – Israel
- Poecilochroa haplostyla Simon, 1907 – São Tomé and Príncipe
- Poecilochroa incompta (Pavesi, 1880) – Tunisia
- Poecilochroa insularis Kulczyński, 1911 – Indonesia (Java)
- Poecilochroa involuta Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
- Poecilochroa joreungensis Paik, 1992 – Korea
- Poecilochroa latefasciata Simon, 1893 – Peru
- Poecilochroa loricata Kritscher, 1996 – Malta
- Poecilochroa malagassa Strand, 1907 – Madagascar
- Poecilochroa parangunifasciata Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- Poecilochroa patricia (Simon, 1878) – France (Corsica)
- Poecilochroa pauciaculeis Caporiacco, 1947 – East Africa
- Poecilochroa perversa Simon, 1914 – France
- Poecilochroa phyllobia (Thorell, 1871) – Italy
- Poecilochroa pugnax ( O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – Libya, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel
- Poecilochroa rollini Berland, 1933 – French Polynesia (Marquesas Is., Tuamotu)
- Poecilochroa sedula (Simon, 1897) – India
-
Poecilochroa senilis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – France (Corsica) to Turkmenistan
- Poecilochroa s. auspex (Simon, 1878) – Spain, France
- Poecilochroa taborensis Levy, 1999 – Israel, Cyprus, Greece, Portugal
- Poecilochroa taeguensis Paik, 1992 – Korea
- Poecilochroa tikaderi Patel, 1989 – India
- Poecilochroa tridotus Caleb & Mathai, 2013 – India
- Poecilochroa trifasciata Mello-Leitão, 1918 – Brazil
- Poecilochroa variana (C. L. Koch, 1839) ( type) – Europe to Central Asia
- Poecilochroa viduata (Pavesi, 1883) – Ethiopia
- Poecilochroa vittata Kulczyński, 1911 – Indonesia (Java)
References
- ^ a b Gloor, Daniel; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Blick, Theo; Kropf, Christian (2019). "Gen. Poecilochroa Westring, 1874". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi: 10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ Westring, N. (1874). "Bemerkungen über die Arachnologischen Abhandlungen von Dr T. Thorell unter dem Titel: 1°, On European Spiders, pts 1 et 2, Upsala, 1869-70. 2°, Remarks on Synonyms of European Spiders, Upsala, 1872-73". Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar. 14: 1–68.
- ^ "Flat-bellied ground spiders, Gnaphosidae". ednieuw.home.xs4all.nl. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
- ^ Chatzaki, J. Lissner M. (2016-01-01). First records of Poecilochroa taborensis Levy, 1999 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Greece and Cyprus with notes on some closely related species. OCLC 1248842562.
- ^ Bayram, Abdullah; Varol, M. İsmail (2003). "On Poecilochroa variana , recently collected in Turkey for the first time (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)". Zoology in the Middle East. 30 (1): 101–104. doi: 10.1080/09397140.2003.10637994. ISSN 0939-7140. S2CID 84776303.
- ^ Alioua, Youcef; Bosmans, Robert (May 2020). "Poecilochroa senilis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) recorded for the first time in Algeria and Morocco, with the proposition of a new synonym". The Arachnological Bulletin of the Middle East and North Africa. 17 (2): 121–126.
| Poecilochroa | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Poecilochroa sp. from Saul Kere, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. | |
|
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Gnaphosidae |
| Genus: |
Poecilochroa Westring, 1874 [1] |
| Type species | |
|
P. variana (
C. L. Koch, 1839)
| |
| Species | |
|
39, see text | |
Poecilochroa is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1874. [2]
Description
As Gnaphosidae, Poecilochroa have large cylindrical spinnerets. They are nocturnal, spending the day in silken retreats and going out at night to hunt. [3]
Poecilochroa are divided into two gnaphosid groups based on their abdomen colouration: those with plain abdomens are in the Echemus group, while those with black and white abdomen are in the Herpyllus group. Males of both groups have well-developed dorsal scuta. [4]
Habitat
Poecilochroa occur in various habitats including on and under stones and dead leaves, on vegetation, in steppes, grasslands, dry fields, stream beds and forest floors. [5] [6]
Species
As of May 2019 [update] it contains thirty-nine species and one subspecies: [1]
- Poecilochroa albomaculata (Lucas, 1846) – Western Mediterranean
- Poecilochroa alcala Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- Poecilochroa anomala (Hewitt, 1915) – South Africa
- Poecilochroa antineae Fage, 1929 – Mali
- Poecilochroa barmani Tikader, 1982 – India
- Poecilochroa behni Thorell, 1891 – India (Nicobar Is.)
- Poecilochroa bifasciata Banks, 1902 – Ecuador (Galapagos Is.)
- Poecilochroa capensis Strand, 1909 – South Africa
- Poecilochroa carinata Caporiacco, 1947 – Uganda
- Poecilochroa dayamibrookiana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- Poecilochroa devendrai Gajbe & Rane, 1985 – India
- Poecilochroa faradjensis Lessert, 1929 – Congo
- Poecilochroa furcata Simon, 1914 – France, Italy, Greece
- Poecilochroa golan Levy, 1999 – Israel
- Poecilochroa haplostyla Simon, 1907 – São Tomé and Príncipe
- Poecilochroa incompta (Pavesi, 1880) – Tunisia
- Poecilochroa insularis Kulczyński, 1911 – Indonesia (Java)
- Poecilochroa involuta Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
- Poecilochroa joreungensis Paik, 1992 – Korea
- Poecilochroa latefasciata Simon, 1893 – Peru
- Poecilochroa loricata Kritscher, 1996 – Malta
- Poecilochroa malagassa Strand, 1907 – Madagascar
- Poecilochroa parangunifasciata Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
- Poecilochroa patricia (Simon, 1878) – France (Corsica)
- Poecilochroa pauciaculeis Caporiacco, 1947 – East Africa
- Poecilochroa perversa Simon, 1914 – France
- Poecilochroa phyllobia (Thorell, 1871) – Italy
- Poecilochroa pugnax ( O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – Libya, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel
- Poecilochroa rollini Berland, 1933 – French Polynesia (Marquesas Is., Tuamotu)
- Poecilochroa sedula (Simon, 1897) – India
-
Poecilochroa senilis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – France (Corsica) to Turkmenistan
- Poecilochroa s. auspex (Simon, 1878) – Spain, France
- Poecilochroa taborensis Levy, 1999 – Israel, Cyprus, Greece, Portugal
- Poecilochroa taeguensis Paik, 1992 – Korea
- Poecilochroa tikaderi Patel, 1989 – India
- Poecilochroa tridotus Caleb & Mathai, 2013 – India
- Poecilochroa trifasciata Mello-Leitão, 1918 – Brazil
- Poecilochroa variana (C. L. Koch, 1839) ( type) – Europe to Central Asia
- Poecilochroa viduata (Pavesi, 1883) – Ethiopia
- Poecilochroa vittata Kulczyński, 1911 – Indonesia (Java)
References
- ^ a b Gloor, Daniel; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Blick, Theo; Kropf, Christian (2019). "Gen. Poecilochroa Westring, 1874". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi: 10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
- ^ Westring, N. (1874). "Bemerkungen über die Arachnologischen Abhandlungen von Dr T. Thorell unter dem Titel: 1°, On European Spiders, pts 1 et 2, Upsala, 1869-70. 2°, Remarks on Synonyms of European Spiders, Upsala, 1872-73". Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar. 14: 1–68.
- ^ "Flat-bellied ground spiders, Gnaphosidae". ednieuw.home.xs4all.nl. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
- ^ Chatzaki, J. Lissner M. (2016-01-01). First records of Poecilochroa taborensis Levy, 1999 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Greece and Cyprus with notes on some closely related species. OCLC 1248842562.
- ^ Bayram, Abdullah; Varol, M. İsmail (2003). "On Poecilochroa variana , recently collected in Turkey for the first time (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)". Zoology in the Middle East. 30 (1): 101–104. doi: 10.1080/09397140.2003.10637994. ISSN 0939-7140. S2CID 84776303.
- ^ Alioua, Youcef; Bosmans, Robert (May 2020). "Poecilochroa senilis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) recorded for the first time in Algeria and Morocco, with the proposition of a new synonym". The Arachnological Bulletin of the Middle East and North Africa. 17 (2): 121–126.