Armadillo-like proteins are characterized by a series of armadillo repeats, first defined in the Drosophila 'armadillo' gene product, that are typically 42 to 45 amino acids in length. These proteins can be divided into subfamilies based on their number of repeats, their overall sequence similarity, and the dispersion of the repeats throughout their sequences. Members of the p120(ctn)/plakophilin subfamily of Armadillo-like proteins, including CTNND1, CTNND2, PKP1, PKP2, PKP4, and ARVCF. PKP4 may be a component of desmosomal plaque and other adhesion plaques and is thought to be involved in regulating junctional plaque organization and cadherin function. Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of only two of them have been described so far. These two variants encode distinct isoforms.[7]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Paffenholz R, Franke WW (December 1997). "Identification and localization of a neurally expressed member of the plakoglobin/armadillo multigene family". Differentiation. 61 (5): 293–304.
doi:
10.1046/j.1432-0436.1997.6150293.x.
PMID9342840.
^Hatzfeld M, Nachtsheim C (May 1997). "Cloning and characterization of a new armadillo family member, p0071, associated with the junctional plaque: evidence for a subfamily of closely related proteins". J Cell Sci. 109 (11): 2767–78.
doi:
10.1242/jcs.109.11.2767.
PMID8937994.
Bonné S, van Hengel J, van Roy F (1998). "Chromosomal mapping of human armadillo genes belonging to the p120(ctn)/plakophilin subfamily". Genomics. 51 (3): 452–4.
doi:
10.1006/geno.1998.5398.
PMID9721216.
Schröder R, van der Ven PF, Warlo I, Schumann H, Fürst DO, Blümcke I, Schmidt MC, Hatzfeld M (2001). "p0071, a member of the armadillo multigene family, is a constituent of sarcomeric I-bands in human skeletal muscle". J. Muscle Res. Cell. Motil. 21 (6): 577–86.
doi:
10.1023/A:1026587530656.
PMID11206135.
S2CID1342967.
Tao WA, Wollscheid B, O'Brien R, Eng JK, Li XJ, Bodenmiller B, Watts JD, Hood L, Aebersold R (2005). "Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis using a dendrimer conjugation chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry". Nat. Methods. 2 (8): 591–8.
doi:
10.1038/nmeth776.
PMID16094384.
S2CID20475874.
Armadillo-like proteins are characterized by a series of armadillo repeats, first defined in the Drosophila 'armadillo' gene product, that are typically 42 to 45 amino acids in length. These proteins can be divided into subfamilies based on their number of repeats, their overall sequence similarity, and the dispersion of the repeats throughout their sequences. Members of the p120(ctn)/plakophilin subfamily of Armadillo-like proteins, including CTNND1, CTNND2, PKP1, PKP2, PKP4, and ARVCF. PKP4 may be a component of desmosomal plaque and other adhesion plaques and is thought to be involved in regulating junctional plaque organization and cadherin function. Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of only two of them have been described so far. These two variants encode distinct isoforms.[7]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Paffenholz R, Franke WW (December 1997). "Identification and localization of a neurally expressed member of the plakoglobin/armadillo multigene family". Differentiation. 61 (5): 293–304.
doi:
10.1046/j.1432-0436.1997.6150293.x.
PMID9342840.
^Hatzfeld M, Nachtsheim C (May 1997). "Cloning and characterization of a new armadillo family member, p0071, associated with the junctional plaque: evidence for a subfamily of closely related proteins". J Cell Sci. 109 (11): 2767–78.
doi:
10.1242/jcs.109.11.2767.
PMID8937994.
Bonné S, van Hengel J, van Roy F (1998). "Chromosomal mapping of human armadillo genes belonging to the p120(ctn)/plakophilin subfamily". Genomics. 51 (3): 452–4.
doi:
10.1006/geno.1998.5398.
PMID9721216.
Schröder R, van der Ven PF, Warlo I, Schumann H, Fürst DO, Blümcke I, Schmidt MC, Hatzfeld M (2001). "p0071, a member of the armadillo multigene family, is a constituent of sarcomeric I-bands in human skeletal muscle". J. Muscle Res. Cell. Motil. 21 (6): 577–86.
doi:
10.1023/A:1026587530656.
PMID11206135.
S2CID1342967.
Tao WA, Wollscheid B, O'Brien R, Eng JK, Li XJ, Bodenmiller B, Watts JD, Hood L, Aebersold R (2005). "Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis using a dendrimer conjugation chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry". Nat. Methods. 2 (8): 591–8.
doi:
10.1038/nmeth776.
PMID16094384.
S2CID20475874.