The Pipidae are a
family of primitive,
tonguelessfrogs. There are 41 species in the family, found in tropical
South America (genus Pipa) and sub-Saharan
Africa (the three other genera).
Description
Pipid frogs are highly aquatic and have numerous morphological modifications befitting their habitat. For example, the feet are completely webbed, the body is flattened, and a
lateral line system is present in adults.[1] In addition, pipids possess highly modified ears for producing and receiving sound under water. They lack a tongue or vocal cords, instead having bony rods in the larynx that help produce sound. They range from 4 to 19 cm (1.6 to 7.5 in) in body length.[2]
The oldest fossil records of frogs more closely related to pipid frogs than to other extant frog families (
Pipimorpha) extends into the
Early Cretaceous. The oldest known
crown group pipids are Oumtkoutia and Pachycentrata from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco and Niger, respectively.[5]
Included taxa after A. M. Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019[6]
^Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 86–87.
ISBN0-12-178560-2.
Antoine, P.; Abello, J.A.; Adnet, S.; Altamirano Sierra, A.J.; Baby, P.; Billet, G.; Boivin, M.; Calderón, Y.; Candela, A.R.; J. Chabain; F. Corfu; D. A. Croft; M. Ganerød; C. Jaramillo; S. Klaus; L. Marivaux; R. E. Navarrete; M. J. Orliac; F. Parra; M. E. Pérez; F. Pujos; J. Rage; Anthony Ravel; Céline Robinet; Martin Roddaz; Julia Victoria Tejada Lara; Jorge Vélez-Juarbe; Frank P. Wesselingh; Rodolfo Salas Gismondi (2016).
"A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru"(PDF). Gondwana Research. 31: 30–59.
doi:
10.1016/j.gr.2015.11.001. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
The Pipidae are a
family of primitive,
tonguelessfrogs. There are 41 species in the family, found in tropical
South America (genus Pipa) and sub-Saharan
Africa (the three other genera).
Description
Pipid frogs are highly aquatic and have numerous morphological modifications befitting their habitat. For example, the feet are completely webbed, the body is flattened, and a
lateral line system is present in adults.[1] In addition, pipids possess highly modified ears for producing and receiving sound under water. They lack a tongue or vocal cords, instead having bony rods in the larynx that help produce sound. They range from 4 to 19 cm (1.6 to 7.5 in) in body length.[2]
The oldest fossil records of frogs more closely related to pipid frogs than to other extant frog families (
Pipimorpha) extends into the
Early Cretaceous. The oldest known
crown group pipids are Oumtkoutia and Pachycentrata from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco and Niger, respectively.[5]
Included taxa after A. M. Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019[6]
^Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 86–87.
ISBN0-12-178560-2.
Antoine, P.; Abello, J.A.; Adnet, S.; Altamirano Sierra, A.J.; Baby, P.; Billet, G.; Boivin, M.; Calderón, Y.; Candela, A.R.; J. Chabain; F. Corfu; D. A. Croft; M. Ganerød; C. Jaramillo; S. Klaus; L. Marivaux; R. E. Navarrete; M. J. Orliac; F. Parra; M. E. Pérez; F. Pujos; J. Rage; Anthony Ravel; Céline Robinet; Martin Roddaz; Julia Victoria Tejada Lara; Jorge Vélez-Juarbe; Frank P. Wesselingh; Rodolfo Salas Gismondi (2016).
"A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru"(PDF). Gondwana Research. 31: 30–59.
doi:
10.1016/j.gr.2015.11.001. Retrieved 2020-03-19.