Pindad SS1-V1 | |
---|---|
Type | Assault rifle |
Place of origin | Indonesia |
Service history | |
In service | 1991–present |
Used by | See Users |
Wars |
Insurgency in Aceh Papua conflict East Timor Conflict Cambodian–Thai border stand-off Moro conflict 1997 Cambodian coup d'état Battle of Marawi [1] Operation Madago Raya |
Production history | |
Designer | Fabrique Nationale |
Designed | 1991 |
Manufacturer | Pindad |
Produced | 1991-present |
Variants | See Variants |
Specifications | |
Mass | 4.01 kg (8.84 lb) (unloaded) |
Length | 997 mm (39.3 in) stock extended / 753 mm (29.6 in) stock folded |
Barrel length | 449 mm (17.7 in) |
Cartridge |
5.56×45mm NATO 7.62×45mm (SB1 series) |
Action | Gas-Operated, rotating bolt |
Rate of fire | 600–650 rounds/min |
Muzzle velocity | 710 m/s |
Effective firing range | 450 m |
Feed system | Various STANAG magazines. |
Sights | Iron sights, but optical sights are possible if a mount is present. Optical sight is a standard feature in SS1-V4 variant. |
The SS1 (short for Senapan Serbu 1, lit. 'Assault Rifle 1') [2] is the standard assault rifle of the Indonesian armed forces and Indonesian National Police. It is based on the FN FNC rifle but modified in order to meet ergonomic and tropical environment needs. [3]
The assault rifles are gas-operated automatic carbines with a foldable butt and are designed to meet the NATO standard. SS1 weapons are high performance light individual weapons that have been used by the Indonesian armed forces, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, as well as police. It was adopted into Indonesian service in 1991. [4]
It is currently being phased out and replaced by the Pindad SS2. [5] The SS1 would possibly be used by reserve or paramilitary forces when the SS2 is fully adopted into service. [6]
The SS1 is manufactured by PT Pindad, Bandung, Indonesia under the license from Fabrique Nationale, Belgium. [2] [7]
In 1976 from experiences gained in the field, an idea to create a new assault rifle to replace the existing standard issue Senapan Panjang lit. 'Long Rifle' or SP series battle rifle surfaced. In 1977 a prototype dubbed SS-77 (Senapan Serbu 1977) was born. The SS-77 assault rifle design and operating system were based on the ArmaLite AR-18, utilizing a gas-operated, rotating bolt mechanism. It has a magazine capacity of 30 rounds chambered in 5.56x45 mm caliber with Safe-Semi-Auto firing modes. The SS-77 assault rifle design includes both a standard long-barreled version and a carbine (short-barreled) variant with a folding stock. [8] In 1978, 150 prototypes with foldable stock were produced, 30 were sent to the Army Research and Development Service (Dislitbangad) for testing purposes. [9]
In 1979, the SS-77 was further developed using 7.62x51mm ammunition, resulting in the SS-79 (Senapan Serbu 1979). The Indonesian Army (TNI AD) and the Department of Defense and Security (Dephankam) intended to adopt it as the standard infantry rifle, replacing the SP-1 as previously planned. However, due to considerations issued by the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) in 1982, the decision was not to produce it from scratch due to the lengthy time frame and high research and development costs. [8]
As a cost-saving and time-efficient approach, BPPT proposed licensing existing assault rifles that had already proven their durability and reliability in the field. During the initial evaluation, six types of assault rifles were considered: the German HK33, the American M16A1, the Belgian FNC, the Swiss SIG SG 540 [note 1], the Austrian Steyr [note 2], and the Pietro Beretta AR70. [10]
Chief of Staff of the Army's order in May 1978 to the Commanding General (Danjen) of the Education and Training Development Command (Kobangdiklat) to form a trial team, consisting of related elements, namely: [9]
the trials included: [9]
The trial results are based on the assessment criteria and the assessment sequence is as follows: [9]
Then the possibility of further production in Pindad was evaluated.
From the test results, three strong candidates emerged: HK33, M16A1, and the FNC. While the HK33 was the top choice, its use of a delayed blowback system instead of a gas-operated mechanism (a must requirement by Indonesia), complex and expensive technology, and certain components (especially the barrel) made local production unfeasible, certain components also have to be supplied from Germany especially rollers. Consequently, the adoption of HK33 was canceled. [8] [9]
The M16A1, which was favored by the troops for its light weight was the second candidate, faced stringent requirements. These included importing ammunition, main mechanical system components, and barrels directly from the United States. In 1977, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) aimed to transform the Indonesian Army Military Industries (Pindad) Small Arms Factory in Bandung into a co-production facility for M16A1 rifles. Both Colt Industries and Lockheed Aircraft Corporation submitted proposals. By 13 December 1977, the Defense Security Assistance Agency (DSAA) was processing Colt’s request for an export license. At year’s end, the DSAA awaited contract details to draft a Memorandum of Understanding for approval by the Secretary of State and Congress. [11] On 23 August 1978, Indonesia invited the US to negotiate regarding the use of the weapon. As a result, the US said that Indonesia could only produce 150,000 M16A1s, and not all components could be made in Indonesia, such as the trigger housing, munitions, upper and lower mechanical housings, and barrel. [10] [9] Consequently, the adoption of the M16A1 was canceled. [8]
Ultimately, the FNC (the third candidate) was chosen and officially became the modern infantry assault rifle used by the entire Indonesian National Armed Forces. The decision to select the FNC was influenced by the ease of technology transfer offered by the principal manufacturer, FN Herstal SA from Belgium, which agreed to provide up to 100% technology transfer. With FNC, all technology is given, starting from the smallest down to the production machines, so that true technology transfer can be achieved. [10] [8]
Another key consideration was that the FNC assault rifle had already adopted a 7-inch barrel and used SS-109 ammunition ( full metal jacket) as per NATO standards. Subsequently, in February 1983, BPPT, representing the Indonesian government, reached an agreement with FN Herstal SA of Belgium. As part of the deal, PT Pindad was required to produce a minimum of 200,000 FNC rifles. After meeting this requirement, no further royalties needed to be paid to the principal. Initially, the TNI imported these assault rifles directly from Belgium. It wasn’t until 1984 that production began at the PT Pindad factory in Kiara Condong, Bandung, Indonesia, after completing all necessary preparations. The officially designated name for this assault rifle became SS-1 (Senapan Serbu 1). [8] According to the agreement, FN Herstal agreed to finance the repair and retrofit program of existing 20,000 FNCs that had issues which were already purchased by Dephankam. [9]
After 10,000 FN FNC rifles were bought for the Indonesian military, Pindad secured a license in 1984 from FN to manufacture the FNC. [3] Indonesia adopted the SS1s into official service by 1991. [4]
A 2009 seizure of Pindad SS1 rifles alongside P2 pistols in the Philippines has led to a special investigation on Pindad on whether weapon smuggling did take place. [12] The Indonesian government, in response, made preparations to form a special agency to handle all overseas trade. [13] The Ministry of State Enterprises conducted an investigation against Pindad over the seizure of its firearms. [14]
The external looks of the SS1s are strongly similar to the FN FNC, ranging from the pistol grip to the stock, receiver and barrel. [15] Optics can be mounted onto the SS1 rifles, but a special optic mount must be installed first before any optic can be used. [15]
The SS1s are designed by Pindad to allow for the use of their own indigenous SPG-1A underbarrel grenade launcher, inserted underneath the barrel. [16] Most SS1 rifle models, with the exception of the SBC-1, are made with selective fire modes that consist of single, three round burst and full auto firing modes. [6]
Non-state users:
{{
cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link)
Pindad SS1-V1 | |
---|---|
Type | Assault rifle |
Place of origin | Indonesia |
Service history | |
In service | 1991–present |
Used by | See Users |
Wars |
Insurgency in Aceh Papua conflict East Timor Conflict Cambodian–Thai border stand-off Moro conflict 1997 Cambodian coup d'état Battle of Marawi [1] Operation Madago Raya |
Production history | |
Designer | Fabrique Nationale |
Designed | 1991 |
Manufacturer | Pindad |
Produced | 1991-present |
Variants | See Variants |
Specifications | |
Mass | 4.01 kg (8.84 lb) (unloaded) |
Length | 997 mm (39.3 in) stock extended / 753 mm (29.6 in) stock folded |
Barrel length | 449 mm (17.7 in) |
Cartridge |
5.56×45mm NATO 7.62×45mm (SB1 series) |
Action | Gas-Operated, rotating bolt |
Rate of fire | 600–650 rounds/min |
Muzzle velocity | 710 m/s |
Effective firing range | 450 m |
Feed system | Various STANAG magazines. |
Sights | Iron sights, but optical sights are possible if a mount is present. Optical sight is a standard feature in SS1-V4 variant. |
The SS1 (short for Senapan Serbu 1, lit. 'Assault Rifle 1') [2] is the standard assault rifle of the Indonesian armed forces and Indonesian National Police. It is based on the FN FNC rifle but modified in order to meet ergonomic and tropical environment needs. [3]
The assault rifles are gas-operated automatic carbines with a foldable butt and are designed to meet the NATO standard. SS1 weapons are high performance light individual weapons that have been used by the Indonesian armed forces, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, as well as police. It was adopted into Indonesian service in 1991. [4]
It is currently being phased out and replaced by the Pindad SS2. [5] The SS1 would possibly be used by reserve or paramilitary forces when the SS2 is fully adopted into service. [6]
The SS1 is manufactured by PT Pindad, Bandung, Indonesia under the license from Fabrique Nationale, Belgium. [2] [7]
In 1976 from experiences gained in the field, an idea to create a new assault rifle to replace the existing standard issue Senapan Panjang lit. 'Long Rifle' or SP series battle rifle surfaced. In 1977 a prototype dubbed SS-77 (Senapan Serbu 1977) was born. The SS-77 assault rifle design and operating system were based on the ArmaLite AR-18, utilizing a gas-operated, rotating bolt mechanism. It has a magazine capacity of 30 rounds chambered in 5.56x45 mm caliber with Safe-Semi-Auto firing modes. The SS-77 assault rifle design includes both a standard long-barreled version and a carbine (short-barreled) variant with a folding stock. [8] In 1978, 150 prototypes with foldable stock were produced, 30 were sent to the Army Research and Development Service (Dislitbangad) for testing purposes. [9]
In 1979, the SS-77 was further developed using 7.62x51mm ammunition, resulting in the SS-79 (Senapan Serbu 1979). The Indonesian Army (TNI AD) and the Department of Defense and Security (Dephankam) intended to adopt it as the standard infantry rifle, replacing the SP-1 as previously planned. However, due to considerations issued by the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) in 1982, the decision was not to produce it from scratch due to the lengthy time frame and high research and development costs. [8]
As a cost-saving and time-efficient approach, BPPT proposed licensing existing assault rifles that had already proven their durability and reliability in the field. During the initial evaluation, six types of assault rifles were considered: the German HK33, the American M16A1, the Belgian FNC, the Swiss SIG SG 540 [note 1], the Austrian Steyr [note 2], and the Pietro Beretta AR70. [10]
Chief of Staff of the Army's order in May 1978 to the Commanding General (Danjen) of the Education and Training Development Command (Kobangdiklat) to form a trial team, consisting of related elements, namely: [9]
the trials included: [9]
The trial results are based on the assessment criteria and the assessment sequence is as follows: [9]
Then the possibility of further production in Pindad was evaluated.
From the test results, three strong candidates emerged: HK33, M16A1, and the FNC. While the HK33 was the top choice, its use of a delayed blowback system instead of a gas-operated mechanism (a must requirement by Indonesia), complex and expensive technology, and certain components (especially the barrel) made local production unfeasible, certain components also have to be supplied from Germany especially rollers. Consequently, the adoption of HK33 was canceled. [8] [9]
The M16A1, which was favored by the troops for its light weight was the second candidate, faced stringent requirements. These included importing ammunition, main mechanical system components, and barrels directly from the United States. In 1977, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) aimed to transform the Indonesian Army Military Industries (Pindad) Small Arms Factory in Bandung into a co-production facility for M16A1 rifles. Both Colt Industries and Lockheed Aircraft Corporation submitted proposals. By 13 December 1977, the Defense Security Assistance Agency (DSAA) was processing Colt’s request for an export license. At year’s end, the DSAA awaited contract details to draft a Memorandum of Understanding for approval by the Secretary of State and Congress. [11] On 23 August 1978, Indonesia invited the US to negotiate regarding the use of the weapon. As a result, the US said that Indonesia could only produce 150,000 M16A1s, and not all components could be made in Indonesia, such as the trigger housing, munitions, upper and lower mechanical housings, and barrel. [10] [9] Consequently, the adoption of the M16A1 was canceled. [8]
Ultimately, the FNC (the third candidate) was chosen and officially became the modern infantry assault rifle used by the entire Indonesian National Armed Forces. The decision to select the FNC was influenced by the ease of technology transfer offered by the principal manufacturer, FN Herstal SA from Belgium, which agreed to provide up to 100% technology transfer. With FNC, all technology is given, starting from the smallest down to the production machines, so that true technology transfer can be achieved. [10] [8]
Another key consideration was that the FNC assault rifle had already adopted a 7-inch barrel and used SS-109 ammunition ( full metal jacket) as per NATO standards. Subsequently, in February 1983, BPPT, representing the Indonesian government, reached an agreement with FN Herstal SA of Belgium. As part of the deal, PT Pindad was required to produce a minimum of 200,000 FNC rifles. After meeting this requirement, no further royalties needed to be paid to the principal. Initially, the TNI imported these assault rifles directly from Belgium. It wasn’t until 1984 that production began at the PT Pindad factory in Kiara Condong, Bandung, Indonesia, after completing all necessary preparations. The officially designated name for this assault rifle became SS-1 (Senapan Serbu 1). [8] According to the agreement, FN Herstal agreed to finance the repair and retrofit program of existing 20,000 FNCs that had issues which were already purchased by Dephankam. [9]
After 10,000 FN FNC rifles were bought for the Indonesian military, Pindad secured a license in 1984 from FN to manufacture the FNC. [3] Indonesia adopted the SS1s into official service by 1991. [4]
A 2009 seizure of Pindad SS1 rifles alongside P2 pistols in the Philippines has led to a special investigation on Pindad on whether weapon smuggling did take place. [12] The Indonesian government, in response, made preparations to form a special agency to handle all overseas trade. [13] The Ministry of State Enterprises conducted an investigation against Pindad over the seizure of its firearms. [14]
The external looks of the SS1s are strongly similar to the FN FNC, ranging from the pistol grip to the stock, receiver and barrel. [15] Optics can be mounted onto the SS1 rifles, but a special optic mount must be installed first before any optic can be used. [15]
The SS1s are designed by Pindad to allow for the use of their own indigenous SPG-1A underbarrel grenade launcher, inserted underneath the barrel. [16] Most SS1 rifle models, with the exception of the SBC-1, are made with selective fire modes that consist of single, three round burst and full auto firing modes. [6]
Non-state users:
{{
cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link)