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This article covers known hyperaccumulators, accumulators or species tolerant to the following: Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Naphthalene, Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn).

See also:

Hyperaccumulators table – 1

hyperaccumulators and contaminants : Al, Ag, As, Be, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, naphthalene, Pb, Se, Zn – accumulation rates
Contaminant Accumulation rates (in mg/kg dry weight) Binomial name English name H-Hyperaccumulator or A-Accumulator P-Precipitator T-Tolerant Notes Sources
Al A- Agrostis castellana highland bentgrass As(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin: Portugal. [1]: 898 
Al 1000 Hordeum vulgare Barley 25 records of plants. [1]: 891  [2]
Al Hydrangea spp. Hydrangea (a.k.a. Hortensia)
Al Aluminium concentrations in young leaves, mature leaves, old leaves, and roots were found to be 8.0, 9.2, 14.4, and 10.1 mg g1, respectively. [3] Melastoma malabathricum L. Blue Tongue, or Native Lassiandra P competes with Al and reduces uptake. [4]
Al Solidago hispida ( Solidago canadensis L.) Hairy Goldenrod Origin Canada. [1]: 891  [2]
Al 100 Vicia faba Horse Bean [1]: 891  [2]
Ag 10-1200 Salix miyabeana Willow Ag(T) Seemed able to adapt to high AgNO3 concentrations on a long timeline [5]
Ag Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Cr, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [1]: 19  [6]
Ag Salix spp. Osier spp. Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [1]: 19 
Ag Amanita strobiliformis European Pine Cone Lepidella Ag(H) Macrofungi, Basidiomycete. Known from Europe, prefers calcareous areas [9]
Ag 10-1200 Brassica juncea Indian Mustard Ag(H) Can form alloys of silver-gold-copper [10]
As 100 Agrostis capillaris L. Common Bent Grass, Browntop. (= A. tenuris) Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) [1]: 891 
As H- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal. [1]: 898 
As 1000 Agrostis tenerrima Trin. Colonial bentgrass 4 records of plants [1]: 891  [11]
As 2-1300 Cyanoboletus pulverulentus Ink Stain Bolete contains dimethylarsinic acid Europe [12]
As 27,000 (fronds) [13] Pteris vittata L. Ladder brake fern or Chinese brake fern 26% of As in the soil removed after 20 weeks' plantation, about 90% As accumulated in fronds. [14] Root extracts reduce arsenate to arsenite. [15]
As 100-7000 Sarcosphaera coronaria pink crown, violet crown-cup, or violet star cup As(H) Ectomycorrhizal ascomycete, known from Europe [16] [17]
Be No reports found for accumulation [1]: 891 
Cr Azolla spp. mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern [1]: 891  [18]
Cr H- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]: 898  [19]
Cr Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) Cultivated in agriculture. [1]: 19, 898  [20]
Cr Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [6] [1]: 19 
Cr A- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Pb(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade. [1]: 898 
Cr 1000 Dicoma niccolifera 35 records of plants [1]: 891 
Cr roots naturally absorb pollutants, some organic compounds believed to be carcinogenic, [21] in concentrations 10,000 times that in the surrounding water. [22] Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cu(A), Hg(H), [21] Pb(H), [21] Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, [21] [23] and pesticides. [24] Pantropical/Subtropical. Plants sprayed with 2,4-D may accumulate lethal doses of nitrates. [25] 'The troublesome weed' – hence an excellent source of bioenergy. [21] [1]: 898 
Cr Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]: 19, 898 
Cr A- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Hg(H), Pb(H) [1]: 898 
Cr Medicago sativa Alfalfa [1]: 891  [26]
Cr Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H), Cu(T) [1]: 891, 898  [27]
Cr Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [1]: 19 
Cr Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) [1]: 891, 898  [28]
Cr Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Native to North America. [1]: 891, 898  [28]
Cr 100 Jamesbrittenia fodina Hilliard
Sutera fodina Wild		 [1]: 891  [29] [30]
Cr A- Thlaspi caerulescens Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass Cd(H), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction. T. caerulescens may acidify its rhizosphere, which would affect metal uptake by increasing available metals [31] [1]: 19, 891, 898  [32] [33] [34]
Cu 9000 Aeollanthus biformifolius [35]
Cu Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Pb(H), Zn(H) Origin Japan. [1]: 898 
Cu A- Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Ni(A), Pb(A), Mn(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant. [1]: 898 
Cu H- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]: 898  [19]
Cu Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) cultivated [1]: 19, 898  [20]
Cu H- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade. [1]: 898 
Cu Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H), Pb(H), Zn(A), Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]: 898 
Cu 1000 Haumaniastrum robertii
( Lamiaceae)		 Copper flower 27 records of plants. Origin Africa. This species' phanerogam has the highest cobalt content. Its distribution could be governed by cobalt rather than copper. [36] [1]: 891  [33]
Cu Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction with rhizofiltration [1]: 898  [33]
Cu 1000 Larrea tridentata Creosote Bush 67 records of plants. Origin U.S. [1]: 891  [33]
Cu H- Lemna minor Duckweed Pb(H), Cd(H), Zn(A) Native to North America and widespread worldwide. [1]: 898 
Cu Ocimum centraliafricanum Copper plant Cu(T), Ni(T) Origin Southern Africa [37]
Cu T- Pistia stratiotes Water Lettuce Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H) Pantropical. Origin South U.S.A. Aquatic herb. [1]: 898 
Cu Thlaspi caerulescens Alpine pennycress, Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction. Cu noticeably limits its growth. [34] [1]: 19, 891, 898  [31] [32] [33] [34]
Mn A- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal. [1]: 898 
Mn Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Cu(A), Ni(A), Pb(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant. [1]: 898 
Mn Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard [1]: 19  [20]
Mn 23,000 (maximum) 11,000 (average) leaf Chengiopanax sciadophylloides (Franch. & Sav.) C.B.Shang & J.Y.Huang koshiabura Origin Japan. Forest tree. [38]
Mn Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]: 19 
Mn 1000 Macadamia neurophylla
(now Virotia neurophylla (Guillaumin) P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast)		 28 records of plants [1]: 891  [39]
Mn 200 [1]: 891 
Hg A- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]: 898  [19]
Hg Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [1]: 19  [6]
Hg Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Pb(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]: 898 
Hg H- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H) [1]: 898 
Hg 1000 Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Cd(T), Cr(H), Cu(T) 35 records of plants [1]: 891, 898  [33] [40][ full citation needed]
Hg Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Cr, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [1]: 19 
Mo 1500 Thlaspi caerulescens ( Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) phytoextraction [1]: 19, 891, 898  [31] [32] [33] [34]
Naphthalene Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Increases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene. [41]
Naphthalene Trifolium hirtum Pink clover, rose clover Decreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene. [41]
Pb A- Agrostis castellana ' Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal. [1]: 898 
Pb Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed [6]
Pb Armeria maritima Seapink Thrift [6]
Pb Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Cu(H), Zn(H) Origin Japan. [1]: 898 
Pb A- Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Cu(A), Ni(A), Mn(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant. [1]: 898 
Pb A- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]: 898  [19]
Pb H- Brassica juncea Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) 79 recorded plants. Phytoextraction [1]: 19, 891, 898  [6] [20] [31] [33] [34] [42]
Pb Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [1]: 19  [6]
Pb Brassica oleracea Ornamental Kale and Cabbage, Broccoli [6]
Pb H- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade. [1]: 898 
Pb Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]: 898 
Pb Festuca ovina Blue Sheep Fescue [6]
Pb Ipomoea trifida Morning glory Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]: 19, 898  [6] [7] [42]
Pb H- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H) [1]: 898 
Pb H- Lemna minor Duckweed Cd(H), Cu(H), Zn(H) Native to North America and widespread worldwide. [1]: 898 
Pb Salix viminalis Common Osier Cd, U, Zn, [7] Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products ( S. spp.); [1]: 19  Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [7]
Pb H- Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Origin India. [1]: 898 
Pb Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Zn(A) Native to North America. [1]: 891, 898  [28]
Pb Thlaspi caerulescens ( Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress, Alpine pennygrass Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo(H), Ni(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction. [1]: 19, 891, 898  [31] [32] [33] [34]
Pb Thlaspi rotundifolium Round-leaved Pennycress [6]
Pb Triticum aestivum Common Wheat [6]
Se .012-20 Amanita muscaria Fly agaric Cap contains higher concentrations than stalks [43]
Se Brassica juncea Indian mustard Rhizosphere bacteria enhance accumulation. [44] [1]: 19 
Se Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn Phytoextraction. [1]: 19  [6]
Se Low rates of selenium volatilization from selenate-supplied Muskgrass (10-fold less than from selenite) may be due to a major rate limitation in the reduction of selenate to organic forms of selenium in Muskgrass. Chara canescens Desv. & Lois Muskgrass Muskgrass treated with selenite contains 91% of the total Se in organic forms ( selenoethers and diselenides), compared with 47% in Muskgrass treated with selenate. [45] 1.9% of the total Se input is accumulated in its tissues; 0.5% is removed via biological volatilization. [46] [47]
Se Bassia scoparia
(a.k.a. Kochia scoparia)		 burningbush, ragweed, summer cypress, fireball, belvedere and Mexican firebrush, Mexican fireweed U, [7] Cr, Pb, Hg, Ag, Zn Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). Phytoextraction. [1]: 19, 898 
Se Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Cr, Hg, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalis); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). [1]: 19 
Zn A- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Pb(A) Origin Portugal. [1]: 898 
Zn Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Cu(H), Pb(H) Origin Japan. [1]: 898 
Zn Brassicaceae Mustards, mustard flowers, crucifers or cabbage family Cd(H), Cs(H), Ni(H), Sr(H) Phytoextraction [1]: 19 
Zn Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A). Larvae of Pieris brassicae do not even sample its high-Zn leaves. (Pollard and Baker, 1997) [1]: 19, 898  [20]
Zn Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se Phytoextraction [1]: 19  [6]
Zn Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]: 19  [7]
Zn Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Pb(H). Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]: 898 
Zn Salix viminalis Common Osier Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbons, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U (S. viminalis); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). [7]
Zn A- Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Origin India. [1]: 898 
Zn 1400 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke ( Caryophyllaceae) Bladder campion Ernst et al. (1990)
Zn Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H) Native to North America. [1]: 891, 898  [28]
Zn H-10,000 Thlaspi caerulescens ( Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H) 48 records of plants. May acidify its own rhizosphere, which would facilitate absorption by solubilization of the metal [31] [1]: 19, 891, 898  [32] [33] [34] [42]
Zn Trifolium pratense Red Clover Nonmetal accumulator. Its rhizosphere is denser in bacteria than that of Thlaspi caerulescens, but T. caerulescens has relatively more metal-resistant bacteria. [31]

Cs-137 activity was much smaller in leaves of larch and sycamore maple than of spruce: spruce > larch > sycamore maple.

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Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_hyperaccumulators&oldid=1227795663"
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article covers known hyperaccumulators, accumulators or species tolerant to the following: Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Naphthalene, Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn).

See also:

Hyperaccumulators table – 1

hyperaccumulators and contaminants : Al, Ag, As, Be, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, naphthalene, Pb, Se, Zn – accumulation rates
Contaminant Accumulation rates (in mg/kg dry weight) Binomial name English name H-Hyperaccumulator or A-Accumulator P-Precipitator T-Tolerant Notes Sources
Al A- Agrostis castellana highland bentgrass As(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin: Portugal. [1]: 898 
Al 1000 Hordeum vulgare Barley 25 records of plants. [1]: 891  [2]
Al Hydrangea spp. Hydrangea (a.k.a. Hortensia)
Al Aluminium concentrations in young leaves, mature leaves, old leaves, and roots were found to be 8.0, 9.2, 14.4, and 10.1 mg g1, respectively. [3] Melastoma malabathricum L. Blue Tongue, or Native Lassiandra P competes with Al and reduces uptake. [4]
Al Solidago hispida ( Solidago canadensis L.) Hairy Goldenrod Origin Canada. [1]: 891  [2]
Al 100 Vicia faba Horse Bean [1]: 891  [2]
Ag 10-1200 Salix miyabeana Willow Ag(T) Seemed able to adapt to high AgNO3 concentrations on a long timeline [5]
Ag Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Cr, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [1]: 19  [6]
Ag Salix spp. Osier spp. Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [1]: 19 
Ag Amanita strobiliformis European Pine Cone Lepidella Ag(H) Macrofungi, Basidiomycete. Known from Europe, prefers calcareous areas [9]
Ag 10-1200 Brassica juncea Indian Mustard Ag(H) Can form alloys of silver-gold-copper [10]
As 100 Agrostis capillaris L. Common Bent Grass, Browntop. (= A. tenuris) Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) [1]: 891 
As H- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal. [1]: 898 
As 1000 Agrostis tenerrima Trin. Colonial bentgrass 4 records of plants [1]: 891  [11]
As 2-1300 Cyanoboletus pulverulentus Ink Stain Bolete contains dimethylarsinic acid Europe [12]
As 27,000 (fronds) [13] Pteris vittata L. Ladder brake fern or Chinese brake fern 26% of As in the soil removed after 20 weeks' plantation, about 90% As accumulated in fronds. [14] Root extracts reduce arsenate to arsenite. [15]
As 100-7000 Sarcosphaera coronaria pink crown, violet crown-cup, or violet star cup As(H) Ectomycorrhizal ascomycete, known from Europe [16] [17]
Be No reports found for accumulation [1]: 891 
Cr Azolla spp. mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern [1]: 891  [18]
Cr H- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]: 898  [19]
Cr Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) Cultivated in agriculture. [1]: 19, 898  [20]
Cr Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [6] [1]: 19 
Cr A- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Pb(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade. [1]: 898 
Cr 1000 Dicoma niccolifera 35 records of plants [1]: 891 
Cr roots naturally absorb pollutants, some organic compounds believed to be carcinogenic, [21] in concentrations 10,000 times that in the surrounding water. [22] Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cu(A), Hg(H), [21] Pb(H), [21] Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, [21] [23] and pesticides. [24] Pantropical/Subtropical. Plants sprayed with 2,4-D may accumulate lethal doses of nitrates. [25] 'The troublesome weed' – hence an excellent source of bioenergy. [21] [1]: 898 
Cr Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]: 19, 898 
Cr A- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Hg(H), Pb(H) [1]: 898 
Cr Medicago sativa Alfalfa [1]: 891  [26]
Cr Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H), Cu(T) [1]: 891, 898  [27]
Cr Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [1]: 19 
Cr Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) [1]: 891, 898  [28]
Cr Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Native to North America. [1]: 891, 898  [28]
Cr 100 Jamesbrittenia fodina Hilliard
Sutera fodina Wild		 [1]: 891  [29] [30]
Cr A- Thlaspi caerulescens Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass Cd(H), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction. T. caerulescens may acidify its rhizosphere, which would affect metal uptake by increasing available metals [31] [1]: 19, 891, 898  [32] [33] [34]
Cu 9000 Aeollanthus biformifolius [35]
Cu Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Pb(H), Zn(H) Origin Japan. [1]: 898 
Cu A- Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Ni(A), Pb(A), Mn(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant. [1]: 898 
Cu H- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]: 898  [19]
Cu Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) cultivated [1]: 19, 898  [20]
Cu H- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade. [1]: 898 
Cu Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H), Pb(H), Zn(A), Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]: 898 
Cu 1000 Haumaniastrum robertii
( Lamiaceae)		 Copper flower 27 records of plants. Origin Africa. This species' phanerogam has the highest cobalt content. Its distribution could be governed by cobalt rather than copper. [36] [1]: 891  [33]
Cu Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction with rhizofiltration [1]: 898  [33]
Cu 1000 Larrea tridentata Creosote Bush 67 records of plants. Origin U.S. [1]: 891  [33]
Cu H- Lemna minor Duckweed Pb(H), Cd(H), Zn(A) Native to North America and widespread worldwide. [1]: 898 
Cu Ocimum centraliafricanum Copper plant Cu(T), Ni(T) Origin Southern Africa [37]
Cu T- Pistia stratiotes Water Lettuce Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H) Pantropical. Origin South U.S.A. Aquatic herb. [1]: 898 
Cu Thlaspi caerulescens Alpine pennycress, Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction. Cu noticeably limits its growth. [34] [1]: 19, 891, 898  [31] [32] [33] [34]
Mn A- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(A), Pb(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal. [1]: 898 
Mn Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Cu(A), Ni(A), Pb(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant. [1]: 898 
Mn Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard [1]: 19  [20]
Mn 23,000 (maximum) 11,000 (average) leaf Chengiopanax sciadophylloides (Franch. & Sav.) C.B.Shang & J.Y.Huang koshiabura Origin Japan. Forest tree. [38]
Mn Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]: 19 
Mn 1000 Macadamia neurophylla
(now Virotia neurophylla (Guillaumin) P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast)		 28 records of plants [1]: 891  [39]
Mn 200 [1]: 891 
Hg A- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]: 898  [19]
Hg Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Pb, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [1]: 19  [6]
Hg Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Pb(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]: 898 
Hg H- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H) [1]: 898 
Hg 1000 Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Cd(T), Cr(H), Cu(T) 35 records of plants [1]: 891, 898  [33] [40][ full citation needed]
Hg Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Cr, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [1]: 19 
Mo 1500 Thlaspi caerulescens ( Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H) phytoextraction [1]: 19, 891, 898  [31] [32] [33] [34]
Naphthalene Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Increases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene. [41]
Naphthalene Trifolium hirtum Pink clover, rose clover Decreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene. [41]
Pb A- Agrostis castellana ' Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Zn(A) Origin Portugal. [1]: 898 
Pb Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed [6]
Pb Armeria maritima Seapink Thrift [6]
Pb Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Cu(H), Zn(H) Origin Japan. [1]: 898 
Pb A- Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquitofern Cu(A), Ni(A), Mn(A) Origin Africa. Floating plant. [1]: 898 
Pb A- Bacopa monnieri Smooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A) Origin India. Aquatic emergent species. [1]: 898  [19]
Pb H- Brassica juncea Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H) 79 recorded plants. Phytoextraction [1]: 19, 891, 898  [6] [20] [31] [33] [34] [42]
Pb Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, Zn Phytoextraction [1]: 19  [6]
Pb Brassica oleracea Ornamental Kale and Cabbage, Broccoli [6]
Pb H- Vallisneria americana Tape Grass Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(H) Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade. [1]: 898 
Pb Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]: 898 
Pb Festuca ovina Blue Sheep Fescue [6]
Pb Ipomoea trifida Morning glory Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]: 19, 898  [6] [7] [42]
Pb H- Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H) [1]: 898 
Pb H- Lemna minor Duckweed Cd(H), Cu(H), Zn(H) Native to North America and widespread worldwide. [1]: 898 
Pb Salix viminalis Common Osier Cd, U, Zn, [7] Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products ( S. spp.); [1]: 19  Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes) [7]
Pb H- Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Origin India. [1]: 898 
Pb Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Zn(A) Native to North America. [1]: 891, 898  [28]
Pb Thlaspi caerulescens ( Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress, Alpine pennygrass Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo(H), Ni(H), Zn(H) Phytoextraction. [1]: 19, 891, 898  [31] [32] [33] [34]
Pb Thlaspi rotundifolium Round-leaved Pennycress [6]
Pb Triticum aestivum Common Wheat [6]
Se .012-20 Amanita muscaria Fly agaric Cap contains higher concentrations than stalks [43]
Se Brassica juncea Indian mustard Rhizosphere bacteria enhance accumulation. [44] [1]: 19 
Se Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn Phytoextraction. [1]: 19  [6]
Se Low rates of selenium volatilization from selenate-supplied Muskgrass (10-fold less than from selenite) may be due to a major rate limitation in the reduction of selenate to organic forms of selenium in Muskgrass. Chara canescens Desv. & Lois Muskgrass Muskgrass treated with selenite contains 91% of the total Se in organic forms ( selenoethers and diselenides), compared with 47% in Muskgrass treated with selenate. [45] 1.9% of the total Se input is accumulated in its tissues; 0.5% is removed via biological volatilization. [46] [47]
Se Bassia scoparia
(a.k.a. Kochia scoparia)		 burningbush, ragweed, summer cypress, fireball, belvedere and Mexican firebrush, Mexican fireweed U, [7] Cr, Pb, Hg, Ag, Zn Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). Phytoextraction. [1]: 19, 898 
Se Salix spp. Osier spp. Ag, Cr, Hg, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalis); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). [1]: 19 
Zn A- Agrostis castellana Highland Bent Grass Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Pb(A) Origin Portugal. [1]: 898 
Zn Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese false spleenwort?) Cd(A), Cu(H), Pb(H) Origin Japan. [1]: 898 
Zn Brassicaceae Mustards, mustard flowers, crucifers or cabbage family Cd(H), Cs(H), Ni(H), Sr(H) Phytoextraction [1]: 19 
Zn Brassica juncea L. Indian mustard Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A). Larvae of Pieris brassicae do not even sample its high-Zn leaves. (Pollard and Baker, 1997) [1]: 19, 898  [20]
Zn Brassica napus Rapeseed plant Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se Phytoextraction [1]: 19  [6]
Zn Helianthus annuus Sunflower Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration [1]: 19  [7]
Zn Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Pb(H). Also Cs, Sr, U, [23] and pesticides. [24] Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'. [1]: 898 
Zn Salix viminalis Common Osier Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbons, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products; [1]: 19  Cd, Pb, U (S. viminalis); [7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.) [8] Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). [7]
Zn A- Salvinia molesta Kariba weeds or water ferns Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A) Origin India. [1]: 898 
Zn 1400 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke ( Caryophyllaceae) Bladder campion Ernst et al. (1990)
Zn Spirodela polyrhiza Giant Duckweed Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H) Native to North America. [1]: 891, 898  [28]
Zn H-10,000 Thlaspi caerulescens ( Brassicaceae) Alpine pennycress Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H) 48 records of plants. May acidify its own rhizosphere, which would facilitate absorption by solubilization of the metal [31] [1]: 19, 891, 898  [32] [33] [34] [42]
Zn Trifolium pratense Red Clover Nonmetal accumulator. Its rhizosphere is denser in bacteria than that of Thlaspi caerulescens, but T. caerulescens has relatively more metal-resistant bacteria. [31]

Cs-137 activity was much smaller in leaves of larch and sycamore maple than of spruce: spruce > larch > sycamore maple.

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  13. ^ Junru Wang; Fang-Jie Zhao; Andrew A. Meharg; Andrea Raab; Joerg Feldmann; Steve P. McGrath (November 2002). "Mechanisms of Arsenic Hyperaccumulation in Pteris vittata. Uptake Kinetics, Interactions with Phosphate, and Arsenic Speciation". Plant Physiol. 130 (3): 1552–61. doi: 10.1104/pp.008185. PMC  166674. PMID  12428020.
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  20. ^ a b c d e Bennett, Lindsay E.; Burkhead, Jason L.; Hale, Kerry L.; Terry, Norman; Pilon, Marinus; Pilon-Smits, Elizabeth A. H. (March 2003). "Analysis of Transgenic Indian Mustard Plants for Phytoremediation of Metal-Contaminated Mine Tailings". Journal of Environmental Quality. 32 (2): 432–440. Bibcode: 2003JEnvQ..32..432B. doi: 10.2134/jeq2003.4320. PMID  12708665.
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  27. ^ Sen, A. K.; Mondal, N. G.; Mandal, S. (1 January 1987). "Studies of Uptake and Toxic Effects of Cr(VI) on Pistia stratiotes". Water Science and Technology. 19 (1–2). International Water Association: 119–127. doi: 10.2166/wst.1987.0194.
  28. ^ a b c d Srivastav, R. K.; Gupta, S. K.; Nigam, K. D. P.; Vasudevan, P. (July 1994). "Treatment of chromium and nickel in wastewater by using aquatic plants". Water Research. 28 (7): 1631–1638. Bibcode: 1994WatRe..28.1631S. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(94)90231-3.
  29. ^ Wild, Hiram (1974). "Indigenous plants and chromium in Rhodesia". Kirkia. 9 (2). Zimbabwe's National Herbarium and Botanic Garden: 233–241. JSTOR  23502019.
  30. ^ Brooks, Robert R.; Yang, Xing-hua (August 1984). "Elemental Levels and Relationships in the Endemic Serpentine Flora of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe and Their Significance as Controlling Factors for the Flora". Taxon. 33 (3). Wiley: 392. doi: 10.2307/1220976. JSTOR  1220976.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g Delorme, Thierry A.; Gagliardi, Joel V.; Angle, J. Scott; Chaney, Rufus L. (2001). "Influence of the zinc hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl. and the nonmetal accumulator Trifolium pratense L. on soil microbial populations". Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 47 (8). Canadian Science Publishing: 773–776. doi: 10.1139/w01-067. PMID  11575505.
  32. ^ a b c d e Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad (2005). "Nickelophilous plants and their significance in phytotechnologies". Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology. 17 (1): 113–128. doi: 10.1590/s1677-04202005000100010.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Baker, Alan J. M.; Brooks, Robert R. (1989). "Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements: A review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry". Biorecovery. 1: 81–126. ISSN  0269-7572.
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  35. ^ Morrison, Richard S.; Brooks, Robert R.; Reeves, Roger D.; Malaisse, François (1979). "Copper and cobalt uptake by metallophytes from Zaïre" (PDF). Plant and Soil. 53 (4). Kluwer: 535–539. Bibcode: 1979PlSoi..53..535M. doi: 10.1007/bf02140724. hdl: 2268/266081. S2CID  42737843.
  36. ^ Brooks, Robert R. (1977). "Copper and cobalt uptake by Haumaniustrum species". Plant and Soil. 48 (2): 541–544. Bibcode: 1977PlSoi..48..541B. doi: 10.1007/BF02187261. S2CID  12181174.
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  38. ^ Mizuno, Takafumi; Emori, Kanae; Ito, Shin-ichiro (2013). "Manganese hyperaccumulation from non-contaminated soil in Chengiopanax sciadophylloides Franch. and Sav. and its correlation with calcium accumulation". Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 59 (4): 591–602. Bibcode: 2013SSPN...59..591M. doi: 10.1080/00380768.2013.807213. S2CID  97458219.
  39. ^ Baker, Alan J. M.; Walker, Philip L. (1990). "Ecophysiology of Metal Uptake by Tolerant Plants". In Shaw, A. Jonathan (ed.). Heavy metal tolerance in plants: evolutionary aspects. Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press. pp. 155–177. ISBN  0-8493-6852-9.
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  41. ^ a b Siciliano, Steven D.; Germida, James J.; Banks, Kathy; Greer, Charles W. (January 2003). "Changes in Microbial Community Composition and Function during a Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Phytoremediation Field Trial". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 69 (1): 483–9. Bibcode: 2003ApEnM..69..483S. doi: 10.1128/AEM.69.1.483-489.2003. PMC  152433. PMID  12514031.
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  43. ^ Stijve, Tjakko (September 1977). "Selenium content of mushrooms". Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung A. 164 (3): 201–3. doi: 10.1007/BF01263031. PMID  562040. S2CID  31058569.
  44. ^ de Souza, Mark P.; Chu, Dara; Zhao, May; Zayed, Adel M.; Ruzin, Steven E.; Schichnes, Denise; Terry, Norman (1999). "Rhizosphere Bacteria Enhance Selenium Accumulation and Volatilization by Indian mustard". Plant Physiology. 119 (2): 565–574. doi: 10.1104/pp.119.2.565. PMC  32133. PMID  9952452.
  45. ^ X-ray absorption spectroscopy speciation analysis.
  46. ^ Average Se concentration of 22 μg/L supplied over a 24-d experimental period.
  47. ^ Z.-Q. Lin; M.P. de Souza; I. J. Pickering; N. Terry (2002). "Evaluation of the Macroalga, Muskgrass, for the Phytoremediation of Selenium-Contaminated Agricultural Drainage Water by Microcosms". Journal of Environmental Quality. 31 (6): 2104–10. Bibcode: 2002JEnvQ..31.2104L. doi: 10.2134/jeq2002.2104. PMID  12469862.
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