A phosphoryl group is a
trivalent>P(=O)− group, consisting of a
phosphorus atom (symbol P) and an
oxygen atom (symbol O), where the three free
valencies are on the phosphorus atom. While commonly depicted as possessing a double bond (P=O) the bonding is in fact non-classical.[1]
Despite that, the meaning of the term "phosphoryl" varies, depending on the branch of
scientific discipline. In
biology,
biochemistry and
biomedicine branches, the term "phosphoryl" refers to groups consisting of phosphorus atom attached to three oxygen atoms, with the simplified
chemical formula−PO3 (there are several groups called "phosphoryl" in those branches, with the chemical formulas −P(=O)(−O−)2, −P(=O)(−O−)(−OH), −P(=O)(−OH)2, −P(=O)(−O−)−O−, −P(=O)(−OH)−O− and −P(=O)(−O−)2). In the branches mentioned above, the "phosphoryl" and
phosphate groups are sometimes abbreviated by the letter "P", or represented by a symbol of encircled letter "P".[2][3] "Phosphoryl" groups are
covalently bonded by a
single bond to an
organic molecule,
phosphate group(s) or another "phosphoryl" group(s), and those groups are
sp3 hybridized at the phosphorus atom.[4] The term "phosphoryl" in the mentioned branches is usually used in the description of catalytic mechanisms in living organisms. The "phosphoryl" group plays a central role in
phosphorylation. In
biochemical reactions involving phosphate groups (e.g. adenosine triphosphate), a "phosphoryl" group is usually transferred between the
substrates by the "phosphoryl transfer reactions" (see
phosphorylation). Examples of molecules containing those groups in biology, biochemistry and biomedicine are
adenosine monophosphate (AMP),
adenosine diphosphate (ADP),
adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
phosphocreatine (PCr) and
DNA.
Another group called "phosphoryl" in biology, biochemistry and biomedicine branches, but it is correctly called phosphono in organic and inorganic chemistry branches
^Gilheany, Declan G. (1 July 1994). "No d Orbitals but Walsh Diagrams and Maybe Banana Bonds: Chemical Bonding in Phosphines, Phosphine Oxides, and Phosphonium Ylides". Chemical Reviews. 94 (5): 1339–1374.
doi:
10.1021/cr00029a008.
A phosphoryl group is a
trivalent>P(=O)− group, consisting of a
phosphorus atom (symbol P) and an
oxygen atom (symbol O), where the three free
valencies are on the phosphorus atom. While commonly depicted as possessing a double bond (P=O) the bonding is in fact non-classical.[1]
Despite that, the meaning of the term "phosphoryl" varies, depending on the branch of
scientific discipline. In
biology,
biochemistry and
biomedicine branches, the term "phosphoryl" refers to groups consisting of phosphorus atom attached to three oxygen atoms, with the simplified
chemical formula−PO3 (there are several groups called "phosphoryl" in those branches, with the chemical formulas −P(=O)(−O−)2, −P(=O)(−O−)(−OH), −P(=O)(−OH)2, −P(=O)(−O−)−O−, −P(=O)(−OH)−O− and −P(=O)(−O−)2). In the branches mentioned above, the "phosphoryl" and
phosphate groups are sometimes abbreviated by the letter "P", or represented by a symbol of encircled letter "P".[2][3] "Phosphoryl" groups are
covalently bonded by a
single bond to an
organic molecule,
phosphate group(s) or another "phosphoryl" group(s), and those groups are
sp3 hybridized at the phosphorus atom.[4] The term "phosphoryl" in the mentioned branches is usually used in the description of catalytic mechanisms in living organisms. The "phosphoryl" group plays a central role in
phosphorylation. In
biochemical reactions involving phosphate groups (e.g. adenosine triphosphate), a "phosphoryl" group is usually transferred between the
substrates by the "phosphoryl transfer reactions" (see
phosphorylation). Examples of molecules containing those groups in biology, biochemistry and biomedicine are
adenosine monophosphate (AMP),
adenosine diphosphate (ADP),
adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
phosphocreatine (PCr) and
DNA.
Another group called "phosphoryl" in biology, biochemistry and biomedicine branches, but it is correctly called phosphono in organic and inorganic chemistry branches
^Gilheany, Declan G. (1 July 1994). "No d Orbitals but Walsh Diagrams and Maybe Banana Bonds: Chemical Bonding in Phosphines, Phosphine Oxides, and Phosphonium Ylides". Chemical Reviews. 94 (5): 1339–1374.
doi:
10.1021/cr00029a008.