Author | Eduard von Hartmann |
---|---|
Original title | Philosophie des Unbewussten |
Translator | W. C. Coupland |
Language | German |
Subject | Unconscious mind |
Published |
|
Publication place | Germany |
Media type | Print ( Hardcover and Paperback) |
ISBN | 978-1440050282 |
Philosophy of the Unconscious: Speculative Results According to the Induction Method of the Physical Sciences ( German: Philosophie des Unbewussten) is an 1869 book by the philosopher Eduard von Hartmann. [1] The culmination of the speculations and findings of German Romantic philosophy in the first two-thirds of the 19th century, Philosophy of the Unconscious became famous. [2] By 1882, it had appeared in nine editions. [3] A three-volume English translation appeared in 1884. [4] The English translation is more than 1100 pages long. [5] The work influenced Sigmund Freud's and Carl Jung's theories of the unconscious. [4] [6]
Philosophy of the Unconscious was translated from German into French and English, and went through many editions in all three languages, exerting a great influence on European culture and helping to make the idea of the unconscious familiar and accepted by the close of the 19th century. [7] The work was widely read. [8] Philosophy of the Unconscious received a critical discussion in the philosopher Franz Brentano's Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (1874); Brentano commented that Hartmann's definition of consciousness perhaps referred to "something purely imaginary" and certainly did not agree with his definition of consciousness. [9]
The philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche described Hartmann's book as a "philosophy of unconscious irony", in his On the Use and Abuse of History for Life, one of the essays included in Untimely Meditations (1876). In Nietzsche's words: "Take a balance and put Hartmann's 'Unconscious' in one of the scales, and his 'World-process' in the other. There are some who believe they weigh equally; for in each scale there is an evil word—and a good joke." [10]
Hartmann's work has been seen as preparing the way for Freud's later theory of the unconscious. [4] Freud consulted Philosophy of the Unconscious while writing The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), [6] in which he called Hartmann the firmest opponent of the theory that dreams are wish fulfillments. [11] The philosopher Hans Vaihinger was influenced by Philosophy of the Unconscious, relating in his The Philosophy of 'As if' (1911) how it led him to Schopenhauer. [12] The psychiatrist Henri Ellenberger writes in The Discovery of the Unconscious (1970) that the main interest of Hartmann's work is not its philosophical theories, but its wealth of supporting material. [2]
The psychologist Hans Eysenck writes in Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire (1985) that Hartmann's version of the unconscious is very similar to Freud's. [5] The philosopher Roger Scruton described Philosophy of the Unconscious as the "first major treatise" about the unconscious in Sexual Desire (1986). He credited Hartmann with offering a "canny and vigorous" description of sexual desire, but nevertheless considered him unsuccessful in explaining its intentionality. [13] John Kerr writes that Hartmann's ideas about "destruction and transformation" parallel those of psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein. [14] The Italian poet Giovanni Pascoli was influenced by Philosophy of the Unconscious in his poetics program, "Il fanciullino" ("The child", 1897). [15]
The first English translation by W. C. Coupland [16] was published in 1884, with the title Philosophy of the Unconscious, a literal translation of the German title. It is currently available as a reprint with the same title. [17]
Author | Eduard von Hartmann |
---|---|
Original title | Philosophie des Unbewussten |
Translator | W. C. Coupland |
Language | German |
Subject | Unconscious mind |
Published |
|
Publication place | Germany |
Media type | Print ( Hardcover and Paperback) |
ISBN | 978-1440050282 |
Philosophy of the Unconscious: Speculative Results According to the Induction Method of the Physical Sciences ( German: Philosophie des Unbewussten) is an 1869 book by the philosopher Eduard von Hartmann. [1] The culmination of the speculations and findings of German Romantic philosophy in the first two-thirds of the 19th century, Philosophy of the Unconscious became famous. [2] By 1882, it had appeared in nine editions. [3] A three-volume English translation appeared in 1884. [4] The English translation is more than 1100 pages long. [5] The work influenced Sigmund Freud's and Carl Jung's theories of the unconscious. [4] [6]
Philosophy of the Unconscious was translated from German into French and English, and went through many editions in all three languages, exerting a great influence on European culture and helping to make the idea of the unconscious familiar and accepted by the close of the 19th century. [7] The work was widely read. [8] Philosophy of the Unconscious received a critical discussion in the philosopher Franz Brentano's Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (1874); Brentano commented that Hartmann's definition of consciousness perhaps referred to "something purely imaginary" and certainly did not agree with his definition of consciousness. [9]
The philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche described Hartmann's book as a "philosophy of unconscious irony", in his On the Use and Abuse of History for Life, one of the essays included in Untimely Meditations (1876). In Nietzsche's words: "Take a balance and put Hartmann's 'Unconscious' in one of the scales, and his 'World-process' in the other. There are some who believe they weigh equally; for in each scale there is an evil word—and a good joke." [10]
Hartmann's work has been seen as preparing the way for Freud's later theory of the unconscious. [4] Freud consulted Philosophy of the Unconscious while writing The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), [6] in which he called Hartmann the firmest opponent of the theory that dreams are wish fulfillments. [11] The philosopher Hans Vaihinger was influenced by Philosophy of the Unconscious, relating in his The Philosophy of 'As if' (1911) how it led him to Schopenhauer. [12] The psychiatrist Henri Ellenberger writes in The Discovery of the Unconscious (1970) that the main interest of Hartmann's work is not its philosophical theories, but its wealth of supporting material. [2]
The psychologist Hans Eysenck writes in Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire (1985) that Hartmann's version of the unconscious is very similar to Freud's. [5] The philosopher Roger Scruton described Philosophy of the Unconscious as the "first major treatise" about the unconscious in Sexual Desire (1986). He credited Hartmann with offering a "canny and vigorous" description of sexual desire, but nevertheless considered him unsuccessful in explaining its intentionality. [13] John Kerr writes that Hartmann's ideas about "destruction and transformation" parallel those of psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein. [14] The Italian poet Giovanni Pascoli was influenced by Philosophy of the Unconscious in his poetics program, "Il fanciullino" ("The child", 1897). [15]
The first English translation by W. C. Coupland [16] was published in 1884, with the title Philosophy of the Unconscious, a literal translation of the German title. It is currently available as a reprint with the same title. [17]